📰 今天我們來讀讀【華爾街日報】
🖐🏽 五分鐘來關心國際時事— 美國🇺🇸
📰 Surging Covid-19 Cases in U.S., Other Countries Could Speed Up Vaccine Studies
美國和其他國家激增的2019冠狀病毒疾病個案可能會加速疫苗研究
Subtitle: Pivotal studies depend on subjects being exposed, which is likely to happen faster in places where the virus is spreading rapidly
📌 文章的標題和副標題已概括文章的内容。這篇文章是關於2019冠狀病毒個案和相關疫苗研究，急升的(surging)個案可能會加快(speed up)相關研究。
🖋 subject 在這裡的意思不是「主題」，而是「研究的對象或參與者」。
Surging coronavirus cases in the U.S. and abroad may speed up the race to prove whether experimental vaccines work.
📌 這一段改編敘述 (paraphrase) 標題的重點。
🖋 experimental是來自experiment (實驗) 的形容詞。work 在這裡則是「奏效」的意思。
To demonstrate if a vaccine works, a certain number of study subjects must be exposed to the target virus so researchers can see if significantly fewer vaccinated subjects become sick compared with those who didn’t get the shots.
📌 銜接上一段，說明在什麼情況下，疫苗是奏效的：接種疫苗人士患病率是否遠遠低於沒有接種疫苗人士。
When an outbreak wanes, it can take longer to tell if a vaccine is working. But the recent higher transmission rate for Covid-19 could shave weeks or even months off the timetable for getting final study results to mid- or late-fall, according to Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
📌 這一段進一步解釋，最近2019冠狀病毒個案較高的傳播率(transmission rate) 可以縮短研究的時間，可能幾個星期甚至幾個月(shave weeks or even months off the timetable)。
“No one wants to see people get infected and suffer and even die,” Dr. Fauci said in an interview. “But in fact, if that is occurring, we could get a vaccine answer to efficacy and safety much more quickly if we’re doing it in a situation where there are a lot of infections.”
More than 20 coronavirus vaccines are in human testing, according to the World Health Organization. So far, small, early studies of most advanced vaccines found they were generally safe and triggered immune responses but weren’t designed to prove whether they actually protected people.
📌 這段引述一位專家的意見，儘管我們不願意看到很多的感染個案(infections)，事實上，只有在這種情況下，才可以更快找到一種符合功效(efficacy)及安全(safety)的疫苗。根據世界衛生組織 (the World Health Organization)，有超過20種疫苗正在人體測試。
A series of large, final-stage trials are getting under way that, for the first time, will decisively test whether coronavirus vaccines prevent or reduce risk of Covid-19, including 30,000-person studies for vaccines from Moderna Inc. and from Pfizer Inc. and its partner, BioNTech SE, slated to start by the end of July.
📌 這一段是關於一系列大型的 (large) 最後階段(final-stage) 試驗(trial)。這些試驗果斷地(decisively)測試有關疫苗是否能防止(prevent)或減低 (reduce) 2019冠狀病毒之風險 (risk)。
The new studies will be “event-driven,” which means researchers expect to learn whether the vaccines are working once a certain number of study subjects come down with Covid-19, the disease caused by the new coronavirus.
📌 這一段補充說明，研究員期望從這些參與測試的冠狀病毒患者，能得知疫苗是否奏效。
未完待續...
📰 全文請至
https://reurl.cc/E7k7Ya
📰 作者
Joseph Walker
📰 訂閱請至
https://bit.ly/3j82Q3W
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