📜 [專欄新文章] Gas Efficient Card Drawing in Solidity
✍️ Ping Chen
📥 歡迎投稿: https://medium.com/taipei-ethereum-meetup #徵技術分享文 #使用心得 #教學文 #medium
Assign random numbers as the index of newly minted NFTs
Scenario
The fun of generative art NFT projects depends on randomness. The industry standard is “blind box”, where both the images’ serial number and the NFTs’ index are predetermined but will be shifted randomly when the selling period ends. (They call it “reveal”) This approach effectively solves the randomness issue. However, it also requires buyers to wait until the campaign terminates. What if buyers want to know the exact card right away? We’ll need a reliable onchain card drawing solution.
The creator of Astrogator🐊 isn’t a fan of blind boxes; instead, it thinks unpacking cards right after purchase is more interesting.
Spec
When initializing this NFT contract, the creator will determine the total supply of it. And there will be an iterable function that is randomly picking a number from the remaining pool. The number must be in range and must not collide with any existing ones.
Our top priority is accessibility/gas efficiency. Given that gas cost on Ethereum is damn high nowadays, we need an elegant algorithm to control gas expanse at an acceptable range.
Achieving robust randomness isn’t the primary goal here. We assume there’s no strong financial incentive to cheat, so the RNG isn’t specified. Implementers can bring their own source of randomness that they think is good enough.
Implementation
Overview
The implementation is pretty short and straightforward. Imagine there’s an array that contains all remaining(unsold) cards. When drawIndex() is called, it generates a (uniform) random seed to draw a card from the array, shortens the array, and returns the selected card.
Algorithm
Drawing X cards from a deck with the same X amount of cards is equal to shuffling the deck and dealing them sequentially. It’s not a surprise that our algorithm is similar to random shuffling, and the only difference is turning that classic algo into an interactive version.
A typical random shuffle looks like this: for an array with N elements, you randomly pick a number i in (0,N), swap array[0] and array[i], then choose another number i in (1,N), swap array[1] and array[i], and so on. Eventually, you’ll get a mathematically random array in O(N) time.
So, the concept of our random card dealing is the same. When a user mints a new card, the smart contract picks a number in the array as NFT index, then grabs a number from the tail to fill the vacancy, in order to keep the array continuous.
Tweak
Furthermore, as long as the space of the NFT index is known, we don’t need to declare/initialize an array(which is super gas-intensive). Instead, assume there’s such an array that the n-th element is n, we don’t actually initialize it (so it is an array only contains “0”) until the rule is broken.
For the convenience of explanation, let’s call that mapping cache. If cache[i] is empty, it should be interpreted as i instead of 0. On the other hand, when a number is chosen and used, we’ll need to fill it up with another unused number. An intuitive method is to pick a number from the end of the array, since the length of the array is going to decrease by 1.
By doing so, the gas cost in the worst-case scenario is bound to be constant.
Performance and limitation
Comparing with the normal ascending index NFT minting, our random NFT implementation requires two extra SSTORE and one extra SLOAD, which cost 12600 ~ 27600 (5000+20000+2600) excess gas per token minted.
Theoretically, any instantly generated onchain random number is vulnerable. We can restrict contract interaction to mitigate risk. The mitigation is far from perfect, but it is the tradeoff that we have to accept.
ping.eth
Gas Efficient Card Drawing in Solidity was originally published in Taipei Ethereum Meetup on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.
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where are you from教學 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的最佳解答
翻轉視界 18 Changing Perspective
There's not just one road to the destination, but many roads. You just need to take the little step that’s right in front of you, and then the next one, and a few years down the track, they will seem like massive achievements.
通往目的地的路不止一條,有很多路可走。你只需要邁出眼前這一小步,然後再邁出下一步,幾年下來,將會成為巨大成就。
文章來自於New Humans of Australia (有取得授權)
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I didn’t meet my father until I was 6 years old. My parents had a comfortable, middle-class life in Shanghai, or as close as you could get under communism. But they always wanted to live overseas, and just before I was born, my dad came to Sydney to set things up. I don’t know why, but in the end, my mother and I didn’t join him until I was 6.
•a middle-class life 中產階級生活
•set things up 打點一切
•live overseas 往海外生活
•in the end 最後 (表達在經過一段時間或一連串事件之後的結果)
直到六歲前我都未曾見過父親。我的雙親在上海過著舒適的中產階級生活,或著說,在共產階級下所能得到的最接近的生活。他們一直響往海外生活,就在我出生前,我父親來到雪梨打點一切。但不知何故,直到六歲那年我與母親才終於與父親團聚。
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Unfortunately, half a year after we arrived, he left us. That was a huge shock. Our transition had already been quite difficult, as we both didn't speak English. Also, as Shanghai was such a big bustling city, Sydney felt a bit like the countryside, especially on the weekends, as no shops were open back then!
•shock 令人震驚的事件(或經歷);驚愕,震驚 (come as a great shock 讓人倍感震驚)
•transition 轉變;過渡
•a bustling city 繁華都會
不幸的是,就在我跟母親抵達半年後,父親離開了我們。這是個巨大的打擊,因爲我們不會說英文,在適應過渡期本就已過得相當艱辛。此外,不同於上海的繁華都會,雪梨更像鄉下,尤其在週末,那時連商店都不開門。
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We were very much reliant on my dad, not only financially, but also as a conduit into the wider community. So to have that broken was quite distressing. I remember Mum crying a lot. As we had become socially isolated, we didn’t find out anything about Centrelink, so we survived on her savings for a while, and then got some help from her family back in China.
•be reliant on… 依賴...
•a conduit into 進入...的渠道
•distressing (adj.) 令人苦惱的,令人擔憂的
•become socially isolated 變得孤立於社會
•survive on her savings 僅靠的她積蓄過日子
我們相當依賴我父親,不僅是經濟,他也是我們進入更廣泛社區的渠道。因此,當局面被打破時令人相當痛苦,我還記得母親時常哭泣。由於我們孤立於社會,所以我們並不知道澳洲社會福利聯絡中心 (Centrelink)的任何資訊,僅靠母親的積蓄支撐了一段時間,然後從母親在中國的娘家得到一些幫助。
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Eventually, Mum moved us down to Melbourne, where we were able to make some new networks and family friendships. But I was bullied a bit at school about things like my food and clothing! Whenever someone bullied me, I would defend myself, but because I didn’t have the language skills to explain to the teacher why, I got in trouble quite a bit. I ended up having to move school 3 times before I came to Balwyn Primary School, which was relatively multicultural.
•be able to 能夠
•make new networks 建立新的人脈,關係網
•be bullied 被霸凌
•language skills 語言能力
•get in trouble 惹上麻煩
•end up 最後處於;最後成爲;以…告終
•relatively 相對地
•multicultural 多元文化的
最後,母親帶著我搬遷到墨爾本,在那我們能夠建立起新的網絡與家庭情誼。然而。我在學校飽受霸凌,例如我的食物及衣物。每當有人霸凌我,我會自我防衛,但我的語言技巧不足以向老師解釋事發原因,因此常常陷入麻煩。後來我不得不再三轉學,直到就讀相對多元文化的博文小學(Balwyn Primary School)。
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After that, I did alright. Music featured very prominently in my life. I had started learning the violin from the age of 2.5 years old and even with all the troubles that were going on in my life, had somehow still kept up with it. As a result, I got a music scholarship to Trinity Grammar School. But even there I used to get into quite a lot of mischief, and would often skip school to go to the movies.
•do alight 過得不錯,做的不錯
•feature (v.) 以…為特色;給…以顯著的地位
•prominently 重要地;著名地;突出地,顯眼地
之後,我便過得不錯。音樂在我生活中佔有重要的一席之地,我從兩歲半開始學習小提琴,儘管生活中事事不如意,我依然堅持不輟。因此,我獲得三一文法學校( Trinity Grammar School)的音樂獎學金。但即使在那,我也常惡作劇、逃學看電影。
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By the end of year 11, I was told I would have to either repeat the year, or consider going to another school, which was quite humiliating for my mum. I decided to move school and surprisingly, I ended up doing quite well in year 12! As a result, I ended up getting into a double degree in Law and Music at Monash.
•repeat the year 留級 ; 重唸一年
•humiliating 令人感到恥辱的,丟臉的
11年級結束時,我被告知要麽被留級,要麼考慮轉學,這對我母親來說相當丟人。我決定轉學,而令人驚訝的是,我在12年級的時候表現優異,最後錄取蒙納士大學法律與音樂雙學位。
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When I started, my first thought was that I didn’t belong because I had done so badly in school up to year 11 and everyone else seemed so smart. But I put my head down, got through it, and ended up getting a job in the legal department of a major manufacturing company, which was a different approach to what most law students do.
•do not belong 不屬於這
•put my head down 埋頭苦幹
•the legal department of ...的法律部門
•a different approach 不同途徑
•approach (思考問題的)方式,方法,態度
當我開始進入大學,最初的想法是我不屬於這,因為我在11年級前都表現不佳,而這裡的人似乎都聰明絕頂。但我埋頭苦幹,咬牙撐過,最後在一家大型製造公司的法律部門找到工作,這與多數法律系學生的途徑不同。
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I really enjoyed it. It was hard work, but I learned a lot of foundational business, legal and corporate communication skills. After that I worked in corporate governance in RMIT, then started to moonlight as a lecturer in the Law Faculty. Eventually, they asked me if I wanted to do a PhD and I blindly said yes! I next worked at Swinburne University, and then was head-hunted to lead the corporate legal team at the Commercial Passenger Vehicles Commission.
•foundational 基礎的
•communication skills 溝通技巧
•corporate governance
•moonlight (v.) (尤指瞞著僱主)從事第二職業,兼職
•headhunt (v.) 物色(人才); 挖角
•legal team 法律團隊
我非常喜歡這份工作,這是份辛苦的工作,但我學習了很多基礎商業、法律以及公司溝通技巧。之後我在皇家墨爾本理工大學( RMIT)從事公司治理工作,並開始兼職擔任法律系講師。後來他們問我是否想要讀博士,我便盲目地答應了。接下來,我在斯威本大學(Swinburne University)工作,再被挖角到商用小客車委員會領導法律團隊。
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I had a good life, but after a while, I realised I wanted a different kind of job. I could see my seniors were making a lot of money but that their family life was not that good. And looking at my own upbringing, I wanted to be the kind of father who could be present in my own kids’ lives. So I decided on dentistry. It would not only allow me to use the hand skills that I had developed from playing the violin, but also the analytical and reasoning skills that I'd developed in law. Plus it would be flexible, and offer me a stable income and the chance to meet different people every day!
•upbringing 教養
•decide on sth 決定某事或東西
•analytical and reasoning skills 分析和推理能力
•offer a stable income 提供穩定收入
我的生活很不錯,但一段時間後,我意識到自己想要一份不同的工作。我知道前輩們賺了很多錢,但他們的家庭生活並不美滿。看著自己的成長經歷,我想要成為可以在孩子生活中出席的父親,所以我決定改行當牙醫。這項職業能讓我使用從拉小提琴中發展出的手部技巧,也能運用我在法律中發展出的分析與推理技能。此外,這個職業相當靈活,能為我提供穩定收入,並有機會每天與不同的人見面。
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My now fiancée, who was my girlfriend at the time, was also applying for further study, and coincidentally we both got into university in South Australia, so we moved to Adelaide together a few years ago.
•fiancée 未婚妻
•at the time 當時
•apply for 申請
•further study 繼續教育,進修;進一步研究;深造
•coincidentally 碰巧地;巧合地
我的未婚妻,當時的女友,也申請繼續深造,巧的是我們都考上南澳大學(University of South Australia),所以幾年前一起搬到阿得雷德( Adelaide)。
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I was lucky to get a university job at Flinders University. Initially, I started out as a casual lecturer in the law school, but I’ve since transitioned into teaching health law and research, and I’m currently writing a few books on the intersection between law and medicine. And also, obviously, trying to finish my dentistry degree!
•start out as… 起初擔任...
•transition into… 轉變到...
我很幸運的在福林德斯大學(Flinders University)找到工作,起初我在法學院擔任臨時講師,但我後來轉換到醫事法教學及研究。目前我正撰寫幾本關於法律與醫學相接的書籍,並努力完成我的牙醫學位。
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Mum eventually retrained as a Chinese high school teacher, and she’s still teaching to this day. Like most first generation migrants, she struggled quite a lot, and invested heavily in my success. After we’re married, my fiancée and I are planning to have children, and I’m sure they will have it much easier than I did.
•retrain 重新培養;再培訓;再訓練
•to this day 至今
•first generation migrants 第一代移民
•struggle a lot 掙扎奮鬥許久
•have it much easier 過的比較輕鬆
我的母親最終重新接受培訓,成為一名中文高中老師並執教至今。如同大多數第一代移民,她掙扎奮鬥許久,並為我的成功投資甚多。我與未婚妻打算婚後生孩子,我確信孩子會過的比我輕鬆得多。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Still, a lot of the failures that I’ve had in my life have really informed a lot of my successes. Looking back, I wouldn't really want to change that to have a smoother life.
•inform [正式] 影響某人的態度或意見
https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/inform
•have a smoother life 有一個更順遂的人生
我的生活中的種種失敗確實為我的成功提供借鑑。回首過去,我不會想要改變那些坎坷經歷去擁有一個更順遂的人生。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Over the years, I've learned that perseverance is very important. I hope that through telling my story, I can be an example to others who might be in a similar position as I was: to show that there's not just one road to the destination, but many roads. You just need to take the little step that’s right in front of you, and then the next one, and a few years down the track, they will seem like massive achievements.
•over the years 多年來
•perseverance 不屈不撓,堅持不懈
•be an example 成為榜樣
•be in a similar position 處於相似的處境
•down the road/line/track 將來(的路)
多年來,我學到堅持不懈是至關重要的。我希望透過講述自己的故事,能成為其他可能與我有相似處境的人的榜樣:向他們展示通往目的地的路不止一條,有很多路可走。你只需要邁出眼前這一小步,然後再邁出下一步,幾年下來,將會成為巨大成就。
有興趣的同學可以支持New Humans of Australia
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Photographer: Paul Heinrich instagram.com/paulfheinrich
文章與圖片出處: https://bit.ly/2XJsciq
★★★★★★★★★★★★
翻轉視界: http://bit.ly/3fPvKUs
批判性思考問題大全: http://bit.ly/34rdtJ7
where are you from教學 在 國立臺灣大學 National Taiwan University Facebook 的精選貼文
【本校防疫訊息 配合防疫警戒降為二級調整各項防疫措施】
NTU COVID-19 Prevention Message—Preventive Measures in the Upcoming Alert Level 2
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全校教職員工生大家好:
配合指揮中心宣布防疫警戒降為二級,本校調整各項防疫措施如下:
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1.7月27日起上午7時至下午7時校園進出口增至七處,夜間則維持三處進出口。校內各館舍管制維持目前三級管制方式。
總務處公告:( https://ga.ntu.edu.tw/main_ch/docDetail/55/55/28445/1100513 )
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2.暑期校方辦理課程維持遠距離,如果院系有些課程,需要實體實施,請跟教務處申請;教室內只允許50人以下上課;校屬教學大樓空間暫時維持不外借。
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3.強烈建議社團仍以辦理線上活動為主;在防疫相關規範下,於7/27~8/9期間,有條件開放室內50人、室外100人以下之實體活動(體育性活動限制室內20人、室外40人以下);音樂性社團如無法全程配戴口罩,則不開放辦理活動;其餘體育性及旅遊性活動,因易有肢體碰觸或無法全程配戴口罩(住宿),將輔導社團嚴格遵守防疫政策,如降低活動人數、住宿一人一室等。
課外組公告:( https://osa_activity.ntu.edu.tw/board/detail/sn/2132)
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4.學生活動中心開放社團辦公室及場地借用,惟食品、飲料技藝社辦在臺北市政府宣布開放餐廳內用前,仍暫停開放。
學生活動中心公告:(http://www.active.ntu.edu.tw/board/detail/sn/758)
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5.學生心理輔導中心(含資源教室)即日起進行三級警戒前以及警戒期間之學生的初、晤談安排,以及開放初談預約。
心輔中心公告:( https://scc_osa.ntu.edu.tw/board/detail/sn/142 )
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6.保健中心門診維持現行僅上午家醫科看診的模式,且開放接受校外人士初診。
保健中心公告:( https://shmc.ntu.edu.tw/board/detail/sn/878 )
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7.圖書館配合措施如下:
(1) 8月2日上午8時起恢復開放讀者入館,7月27~30日期間,仍維持現行閉館窗口服務及開放時間。
(2)全館各樓層開放(含自習室),開放時間調整為週一至週五8-17時,週六、週日不開放。
(3)閱覽區及自習室一律採梅花座,總圖書館一至五樓閱覽區容留人數上限為400人,自習室容留人數上限為394人。
圖書館公告:( https://www.lib.ntu.edu.tw/node/4052 )
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8.體育室轄管之運動場館,戶外場地將開放田徑場、棒壘球場、網球場、籃球場及排球場;綜合體育館與舊體將開放室內球類場地及健身中心,供本校教職員工生、校友及本校退休人員使用。運動時須全程配戴口罩,不得違規群聚,詳細規範請洽詢體育室或參考各場地現場張貼的使用規範。
新體公告:( https://ntusportscenter.ntu.edu.tw/#/ )
體育室公告:( https://pe.ntu.edu.tw/?tid=96#/news/2366/news )
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9.校內餐廳一律外帶使用,校外委外場地防疫措施是否鬆綁依台北巿政府規定辦理,目前暫停營業商家將再協調開業時間。
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10.公文傳送仍暫維持現有運作方式。
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11.自7月27日起各單位居家辦公人數調整為不超過單位總人數之二分之一為原則,居家辦公者須完成網路電話設定,維持辦公室聯絡無中斷。此外,居家辦公人員採1小時彈性上下班時間(上班08:00至09:00、下班17:00至18:00)規定。
人事室公告:( https://ann.cc.ntu.edu.tw/asp/Show.asp?num=82539 )
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其他相關防疫措施細節,請以各權責單位網頁公告為準。
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國立臺灣大學防疫小組 敬上
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Dear NTU students and colleagues,
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According to the Central Epidemic Command Center (CECC), the current alert level will be lowered to Level 2 starting July 27. In response to this, the University is asking all of you to fully comply with the newly adjusted measures as follows.
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1.Starting July 27, the Main Campus will be accessed via the current three to seven gates, from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. The campus can only be accessed in the evenings through the three gates. Level 3 access control will continue to be implemented to all university premises.
Click the link for more information
( https://ga.ntu.edu.tw/main_ch/docDetail/55/55/28445/1100513 )
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2.Summer courses will continue to be taught remotely. If necessary, applications for in-person classes may be filed with the Office of Academic Affairs. To this end, each in-person class should accommodate no more than 50 people. Rental of the University’s lecture buildings remains unavailable.
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3. Club events are strongly advised to be held online. In compliance with the regulations during the lowered alert level period (July 27-August 9), in-person events with no more than 50 people indoors or 100 people outdoors may be held (the number is reduced to 20 people indoors and 40 people outdoors for sports events). In-person music club events should not be held if the mask-wearing mandate cannot be enforced. For other types of sports and leisurely events where physical contact cannot be avoided or masks cannot be worn at all times (e.g. accommodation), the organizing clubs will be instructed to strictly abide by preventive measures such as reducing the number of participants and following the one person per room policy.
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4. The Student Activity Center will reopen student club offices and open rental of its spaces. However, the food and beverage club will remain closed before resumption of dining-in is announced by the Taipei City Government.
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5. The Student Counseling Center (including the Disability Support Services) will resume counseling services and reservation as of the day of the lowered alert level. Click the following for more information
(https://scc_osa.ntu.edu.tw/en/board/detail/sn/144 )
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6. The morning Family Medicine clinics at the Health Center will continue. First-time registration is allowed for non-NTU members. Click the following for more information
( https://shmc.ntu.edu.tw/board/detail/sn/878 )
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7. Preventive measures at the NTU Library are as follows:
1) The library will reopen to the general public beginning 8 a.m. August 2. From July 27 to 30, it will remain closed and only the circulation service is available.
2) All floors will reopen (including the B1 study rooms). The opening hours are 8 a.m.-5 p.m., Mon. through Fri. The library is closed on weekends.
3) Criss-cross seating will be implemented in the reading areas and study rooms. The library may accommodate up to 400 people in its reading areas (1st to 5th floors). The reading rooms may accommodate up to 394 people. Click the following for more information
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8. The Athletic Department will reopen the outdoor Sports Field, baseball and softball fields, tennis courts, basketball courts and volleyball courts. Indoor ball courts and the fitness center at the NTU Sports Center and the old Sports Center will be reopened to all members of the NTU community. Please wear a mask at all times when you play sports. Clustering in these locations is strictly forbidden. For more information, please contact the Athletic Department or refer to terms of use at every venue.
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9.On-campus food locations provide take-outs only; off-campus restaurants will follow the announcements by the Taipei City Government. Talks with the food providers on resuming operation is still ongoing.
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10. The current method for delivering official documents will continue.
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11. Starting July 27, not more than ½ of all the staff in a given academic/administrative office should work from home. Those that do should have their internet phone set up and abide by the one-hour flextime (clock in 8-9 a.m.; clock out 5-6 p.m.).
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For details of other preventive measures, please refer to online announcements of respective competent offices.
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Sincerely yours,
NTU Epidemic Prevention Team
where are you from教學 在 Karaoketutor AGT Celine's Father - Vocal Coach Youtube 的精選貼文
Book an Online Vocal Class by Steve Tam
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Wechat: singandyoumusic
#IKnowWhereIveBeen #celinetam #譚芷昀 #toloveyoumore #onlinevocallesson #howtosingbetter #singandyou #freevocaltraining #vocaltrainingforbeginner #學唱歌 #聲樂課 #stevetam #fightsong
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Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/vocalcoachstevetam
Kids Singing and Music Video on Social Media:
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weibo: http://weibo.com/u/5537288678?refer_f...
Twitter: https://twitter.com/search?q=sing%20a...
wechat: singandyoumusic
Wanna join AGT Celine's Father, Vocal Coach Steve Tam's Special Vocal Workshop?
希望有機會參加AGT Celine爸爸-著名聲樂教練Steve Tam的特別流行曲精英班嗎?
https://www.singandyou.com/copy-of-contact-us-%E9%A0%90%E7%B4%84
learn to sing online - Whether you are in Hong Kong, the Mainland or overseas, and stay at home, you can now enjoy AGT Celine Tam's Father Vocal Coach, Steve Tam’s online singing lessons.
Celine Daddy Steve Tam 譚芷昀爸爸(唱歌老師)在線學唱歌 無論你在香港,內地或海外,安在家中,現在可以享受Celine 爸爸的唱歌教學
Advance Tailor-Make Singing Course (Online/Classroom)
高級定制課程(在線/教室)歌唱課
https://www.singandyou.com/copy-of-contact-us-%E9%A0%90%E7%B4%84
Online Singing Class Video For Reference:
在線唱歌課視頻供參考::
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5B5DTouE16Dgd_xZZeOuy6C2EoGy4Vln
Commercial & Oversea Business Partnership:
Dr. Steve Master Class in Your City or in Your Company
商業和海外商業夥伴關係:
Steve Tam在您所在城市或公司的大師班
https://www.singandyou.com/vocal-corporate-training
Support Us, Please Go to Patreon
支持我們請前往Patreon
https://www.patreon.com/vocalcoachstevetam
Some of the Best Students trained by Dr. Steve (AGT Celine TAM's Father)
1. Bring Me To Life COVERED by SAYMusic Joanna https://youtu.be/JM9hD1ZfUr8
2. 天亮了 COVERED by SAYMusic Cherry https://youtu.be/UTrzr504N-8
3. Original Song - Forever Love COVERED by SAYMUsic Farrah https://youtu.be/CQ3oMdfb4mE
4. How Am I Suppose To Live Without You COVERED by SAYMusic Ysabel https://youtu.be/Q2E2W_AQ5d8
5. 白金升降機 COVERED by SAYMusic Charlotte https://youtu.be/lqGrPAy15qc
6. She Used To Be Mine COVERED by SAYMusic Kathyhttps://youtu.be/29lTt1vXY50
If you like it, please like, share, subscribe and set notification Sing and You Channel
Over 280 Students Singing Music Videos https://www.youtube.com/user/singandyou
Steve Tam Duet & Solo Singing Music Video list:
1. A Million Dreams (Duet) https://youtu.be/8i7eVbRpmIg
2. A Million Dreams (Solo) https://youtu.be/eNgcDb2jBSI
3. Fight Song (Duet) https://youtu.be/8Z6gB_CjqnE
4. Never Enough (Duet) https://youtu.be/vDR1aPOKOZw
5. 愛如潮水 Love is like a Tide (Duet) https://youtu.be/fv_P8oHRBB8
6. Ed Sheeran "Perfect" (Duet) https://youtu.be/U6BPStQ1j6o
7. Westlife - Better Man (Duet) https://youtu.be/Jy2H_Ab_qDQ
8. Westlife - Better Man (Solo) https://youtu.be/DCBHuaJaPHI
9. Fight Song (Solo) https://youtu.be/lC40hEmDPwg
10. A Whole New World (Solo) https://youtu.be/l3C6-kuLXJk
11. A Whole New World (Duet) https://youtu.be/ZPC7nqcONDc
12. 夢醒時分 (Solo) https://youtu.be/QRigxB6ZlY0
13. Always Remember Us This Way (Duet) https://youtu.be/nqRjMXPFo04
14. Let It Be The Beatles (Duet) https://youtu.be/GLc0QROzjaM
15. 夢醒時分 (Duet) https://youtu.be/D2lfoZtjuak
16. Speechless (Duet) https://youtu.be/PgfNwzhTsJY
17. Always Remember Us This Way (Solo ) https://youtu.be/F1odOtsuML8
18. Even Now (Duet) https://youtu.be/4X9c5CjN7cE
Book Online Vocal Class
https://www.singandyou.com/book-a-trial-class
Global Whatapps+852 96981248
wechat: singandyoumusic
Existing Students from China, Hong Kong, United States, England, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, Canada.....
where are you from教學 在 九粒Jolie 你的英文Bestie Youtube 的最佳解答
天使寶寶們哈囉!#炮仔聲 #跟我一起 #宅在家
好興奮啊啊啊 咱們第二集的看炮聲學英文又熱騰騰的出爐拉~~
這一次的英文:
favorite character = 修尬藝欸角色
你笑的這麼高興 還知道痛哦? Look at you smiling, you still know what pain is huh?
你為什麼這麼維護那個芭拉? Why are you constantly defending Bala?
你看俊男誤會自己的身世 Look at 俊男 misunderstanding where he came from.
大家這麼痛苦 愁眉苦臉 Everyone is suffering. Everyone looks so upset.
看我傷心流淚你都無關緊要 You see me bawling my eyes out and you don’t even care.
坤茂詹
那個巴拉對你來說 這麼重要是嗎? That Bala is just so important to you huh?
少來 yeah right
你是對那個八拉還有感情對不對 you still have feelings for that Bala right?
那你還保護他 Then why did you defend her?
你不就很有同情心 Aren’t you so compassionate
你真的有夠可惡的 You’re such an ass.
記得重複一起念 要有感情的念 要像韻如一樣發了瘋地念嘿!
咱們下次見~
愛你們的九粒!
感謝完全娛樂每次的精彩片段!
where are you from教學 在 Smart Travel Youtube 的精選貼文
成為這個頻道的會員並獲得獎勵:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIuNPxqDGG08p3EqCwY0XIg/join
#大阪周遊卡 #googlemap #travelplanner #travelplan #travelplan2020
#youtube #youtuber #關西國際機場 #kansaiairport #大阪必買
Hello大家好, 我叫阿Tsar Hello, everyone.
應承了大家好耐,今次就為大家介紹大阪五日四夜google map行程規劃 Finally I am introducing the google map plan for Osaka 5days 4nites itinerary
影片下面有條link, 可以給大家分享給團友這個Google Map, U can share this Google Map with your friends below this video
無論大家透過影片分享, 抑或用whatsapp都可以好方便 Whether u share it through whatsapp or social media
分享到和你一起去旅行, 或者你想分享資料訊息的對象 Share with people who travel with u, or someone who need these info
影片裏面每一日的行程, 都質到密密麻麻 As u can see the itinerary is very intensive
當然不是叫你一次過行完啦, 只不過如果你多過一個人去旅行 Of course, it's not asking u to finish the trip in one go, but if u r not traveling alone,
自然就會有不同的意見, 我只是寫多幾個地點給大家選擇 There will be different opinions, I just write a few more places for choices
還會配合大阪周遊卡, 令到你的旅程省多些金錢 Together with the use of Osaka Amazing pass to save more money on your journey
這個行程規劃 Google Map, 亦會結合我以往拍過大阪的youtube This itinerary plan Google Map will also be combined with the youtube I took in Osaka in the past
所以就算老人家小學生都看得明白, So even if the elderly or students can easily understand it,
大家亦都可以預先見到我分享的行程規劃, 去旅行之前 Everyone can also see the itinerary plan I shared in advance, before going on a trip
有個預算, 大約去什麼地方, 和用多少錢, 節省多少錢 Have an idea for the budget about where to go, how much to spend n how much to save
一目了然, 我那麼用心去製作, 你沒有理由不給我表情符號以示支持㗎? SO clearly. Do I deserve an emoji for a support?
如果你去的日數是4日3夜, 這個行程規劃都適合你, If u go for 4 days n 3 nights, this itinerary plan is also suitable for u,
只是好簡單, 揀選你認為適合的行程就ok啦, Simply choose the places u want to go
旅行的目的, 除了relax增廣見聞這些很cliche的說法之外 The purpose of travel except for relax n explore
當中包括了好多travel planning、危機處理、靈活變通的意義 There are also a lot of travel planning, crisis management n be flexible
我都會在影片跟大家一一分享 I will also mention in this video
事不宜遲, 快點來看看今日的大阪5日4夜行程規劃, are you ready? Let's take a quick look for the video for today.
第一日, 當你到達關西機場,除了買一張出市區的車票ICOCA Card之外 1st day when u arrive in Kansai Airport, other than buying Icoca card to the city
怎樣買ICOCA Card, 和它的用法, How to buy Icoca card n how to use it
怎樣由關西機場出市區的交通選擇, 亦有影片介紹 There are videos to tell u the transportations from Kansai Airport to the city
我建議你亦買一張大阪周遊卡, 可以幫你節省好多錢 I suggest u also buy an Osaka amazing pass, which can help u save a lot of money
影片的第三日, 會跟大家分享如何可以好flexible的那樣用這張大阪周遊卡 3rd day of this video, I will share how to maximize the usage of this pass
有些人是搭凌晨機出發, 很早就會到關西機場 Some people leave by midnite, they will arrive at Kansai Airport very early
如果你的酒店check in時間要等到中午過後, 那麼你早上到關西機場 If your hotel check-in time has to wait until noon, then u will arrive at Kansai Airport early in the morning
我就建議你去Rinku Town,逛逛一間24小時的超市Trial Supercenter I suggest u go to Rinku Town and visit a 24-hour supermarket Trial Supercenter
亦有一間好平的免稅妝藥店, 再去Rinku Town Premium Outlet 才出市區 There is a cheap duty-free cosmetic drugstore then Rinku Town Premium Outlet before going to the city
我這裏有條影片, 影片的07:53分鐘, Pls watch the video at 07:53mins
有講解買一張叫做Rinku Premium Outlet Stopover Ticket There is an explanation for how to buy a Rinku Premium Outlet Stopover Ticket
這張卡有兩種用法, 你可以由關西機場, 去Rinku Town stop over There are 2 ways to use this pass, u can go to Rinku Town stop over from Kansai Airport
Shopping 完, 用著同一張card出難波 After shopping, use the same pass to Namba
如果你當日班機在晚上到達, 就不建議你用這個方法 If your flight arrives at night, this method is not recommended.
但是這一張card, 是可以在你臨離開大阪當日 But this card can be use the day u leave Osaka
出機場之前, 由難波去Rinku Town Stopover Before going to airport, go to Rinku Town Stopover from Namba
..........
みなさん、こんにちは、Ah Tsarです。
皆様の忍耐へのこだわり、今回は大阪の4泊4日グーグルマップの旅程プランをご紹介します
動画の下にリンクがあります。このGoogleマップを友達と共有できます。
動画で共有するか、whatsappを使用するか
一緒に旅行する人と共有したり、情報を共有したい
映画の毎日の旅程はどんどん密集しています
もちろん、一度に旅行を終えるように求めているわけではありませんが、一人で旅行している場合は、
当然のことながら異なる意見があります、私は誰もが選択できるようにいくつかの場所を書きます
大阪トラベルカードとも連携し、旅費を節約します
この旅程の計画Googleマップは、私が過去に大阪で撮ったYouTubeとも組み合わせられます
だから、小学生の老人が理解できても
旅行に行く前に、事前に共有した旅程の計画も誰でも見ることができます
どこに行くか、どれくらい使うか、どれくらい節約するかについての予算がある
一見、私はそれをとても難しくしました、あなたは私にサポートを示すために絵文字を与えない理由はありません㗎?
あなたが行く日数が4日と3泊であるならば、この旅程計画はあなたに適しています、
とても簡単です。あなたが適切だと思う旅程を選んでください。
これらの決まり文句を緩和し、拡大することに加えて、旅行の目的
多くの旅行計画、危機管理、柔軟な意味を含む
ビデオで一つずつあなたと共有します
請用片右下角調4K睇片。
where are you from教學 在 Moji Today - Where are you from? (country) 簡易交換小卡活動 的美食出口停車場
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