There’s rhythm in writing! 🎶
這個禮拜Presentality的Andrew來分享英文寫作的節奏!
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我的工作需要看非常多的英文。
其中有英文母語的人寫的，也有非母語的人寫的。最近，我注意到一個兩者之間很明顯的差別。這個差別很少有人提到，因為它無關文法正確，也不是有學問的用語，或是文雅的詞彙。
是句子的長短。
Well，更正確的來說，是長句跟短句的交錯。我發現，非母語人士寫的英文句子，不但比英文母語的人寫的長，而且是大部分句子都很長。
母語的人，尤其是很會寫的人，則是會把長句跟短句混合搭配。
那又怎樣？
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你可能會說 ok，以英文為母語的人比較會用短的句子，那又怎樣？句子的長短，跟我寫作的好壞，有關嗎？
關係可大了。
就像音樂，或是影片，文字也是「內容」。只要是「內容」，就有它的節奏。你可以想像一首曲子，從頭到尾都是很長的音，而且一點變化都沒有嗎？或是一部很長的影片，從頭到尾都是很長的畫面，而且一點節奏的變化都沒有嗎？
Well actually，你應該可以想像，這些就是要幫助我們睡眠的。
如果你不想要你的讀者覺得無聊或甚至睡著，我建議適度變換你文字的節奏。
但我們先看案例。
我拿一篇台灣人寫的文，跟另一篇美國人寫的，來做比較：把每個句子都分拆成不同的段落，句子的長短就一目了然了。
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但我們先看案例。
我拿一篇台灣人寫的文，跟另一篇美國人寫的，來做比較：把每個句子都分拆成不同的段落，句子的長短就一目了然了。
📌 台灣案例：Taipei Times Opinion
1. The TAIEX last month rose above 17,000 points as rallies in steel, shipping and some non-tech stocks offset a weakness in semiconductor and electronics stocks.
2. While news about a cluster of local COVID-19 infections connected with China Airlines cargo pilots and a hotel in Taoyuan fueled selling pressure early this month and pushed the local stock market into consolidation mode, the daily market turnover in the first two trading sessions of this month hit fresh highs.
3. Moreover, Taiwan’s stock trading volume last month began to surpass that of Hong Kong for the first time in 15 years, which was beyond most market participants’ expectations.
4. Taiwan’s daily market turnover exceeding Hong Kong’s might gradually become a new normal from this year, and there are good reasons for this.
5. First, Hong Kong’s stock market has lost its appeal to foreign investors since China last year imposed national security legislation on the territory, triggering a potential flight of capital and talent.
6. Second, many wealthy Taiwanese tend to park their overseas funds in Hong Kong, China, Singapore, Switzerland and the US, but government statistics showed that more than 80 percent of funds repatriated by wealthy individuals last year were from Hong Kong, as they saw the political situation in the territory worsen after its self-governance, human rights and freedom of speech were further suppressed.
7. Third, China’s new NASDAQ-style stock board — the Shanghai Stock Exchange’s STAR board — has emerged as a fast-growing capital markets center for Chinese companies at a time when rising China-US tensions have triggered concerns about their prospects of listing in New York, posing a growing challenge to the Hong Kong stock exchange.
8. On the other hand, Taiwan’s economic fundamentals, the central bank’s adoption of extraordinary monetary easing and the government’s fiscal policies have fueled continued rallies in the nation’s stock market since last year.
9. It might be too early to tell how long the consolidation trend might last, as a resurgent COVID-19 outbreak is coloring the global economic outlook, but some insight can be drawn from the stock market:
10. Taiwan’s GDP grew a larger-than-expected 8.16 percent in the first quarter, as exports and private investment remained healthy.
都是一堆很長的句子對不對？我們來看美國人寫的句子，也是一個主流媒體的 opinion 文。
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📌 美國案例：New York Times Opinion
1. I miss torturing Liz Cheney.
2. But it must be said that the petite blonde from Wyoming suddenly seems like a Valkyrie amid halflings.
3. She is willing to sacrifice her leadership post — and risk her political career — to continue calling out Donald Trump’s Big Lie.
4. She has decided that, if the price of her job is being as unctuous to Trump as Kevin McCarthy is, it isn’t worth it, because McCarthy is totally disgracing himself.
5. It has been a dizzying fall for the scion of one of the most powerful political families in the land, a conservative chip off the old block who was once talked about as a comer, someone who could be the first woman president.
6. How naïve I was to think that Republicans would be eager to change the channel after Trump cost them the Senate and the White House and unleashed a mob on them.
7. I thought the Donald would evaporate in a poof of orange smoke, ending a supremely screwed-up period of history.
8. But the loudest mouth is not shutting up.
9. And Republicans continue to listen, clinging to the idea that the dinosaur is the future.
10. “We can’t grow without him,” Lindsey Graham said.
📌 Note: 即使是比較長的句子，這位作者也會用標點符號拆散它：She is willing to sacrifice her leadership post — and risk her political career — to continue calling out Donald Trump’s Big Lie. 這就好比用句點一樣，讓我們讀起來有點停頓休息的時間。
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📌 注意到了嗎？
台灣人寫的英文，句子都偏長，而且長度都差不多。
美國人寫的就不一樣了：一個只有五個字的句子開頭，然後一堆稍微長一點的句子，然後再來一串短句。
你可能懷疑我故意挑選很極端了例子出來，而且幹嘛專門打台灣人呢？
所以想到這裡，我從我的書架上，隨便挑了兩本跟科技有關的書出來。左邊的，是美國人，矽谷知名投資人 Peter Thiel。右邊的是德國人，但注意了，是一個英文非常好的德國人。他不但是世界經濟論壇的創辦人，研究所也是在哈佛大學唸的。
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📌 兩本書 Introduction 是怎麼寫的？
Klaus Schwab (德國)：
Of the many diverse and fascinating challenges we face today, the most intense and important is how to understand and shape the new technology revolution, which entails nothing less than a transformation of humankind.
We are at the beginning of a revolution that is fundamentally changing the way we live, work, and relate to one another.
In its scale, scope and complexity, what I consider to be the fourth industrial revolution is unlike anything humankind has experienced before.
Peter Thiel (美國)：
Whenever I interview someone for a job, I like to ask this question: "What important truth do very few people agree with you on?"
The question sounds easy because it's straightforward.
Actually, it's very hard to answer.
It's intellectually difficult because the knowledge that everyone is taught in school is by definition agreed upon.
See the difference?
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📌 如何變換節奏呢？
需要Andrew的完整分享請留言「There’s rhythm in writing~」。
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what do you think文法 在 Re: [文法] do you think 置於wh-問句- 看板Eng-Class - 批踢踢 ... 的美食出口停車場
※ 引述《comeandgo (@@)》之銘言：
: ※ 引述《comeandgo (@@)》之銘言：
: : 請問
: : (1) What do you think the answer is?
: : (2) What do you think is the answer?
: : 就我所知 的確是(1)的文法才是正確的 因為間接問句後要用陳述句的 S+V
: : 但是網路上不論是原文或是中文的解釋都有分歧
: : 有許多中文網站以"插入語"來解釋第二個句子 也就是do you think本身完全不影響
: : 句子結構 有點類似 What,do you think,is the answer?
: : https://teacherjoe.us/learnenglishgrammar50.html
: : https://siro.moe.edu.tw/fip/index.php?n=5&m=0&cmd=content&p=10459
: : 當然 這兩個都不是權威性的文法網站
: : 只是若google "What do you think is XXX" 也可以得到相當多母語人士使用的結果
: : 之前版上似乎有類似的文章但是沒有結論
: : 想再請教一下各位板友有沒有在比較權威的文法書上有提到
: : Azar的黑本藍本我似乎翻不到有提及到此用法
: : 以上 感謝
: 自己來回一下自己的文
: https://tw.knowledge.yahoo.com/question/question?qid=1610110101685
: 在知識+ 找到的答案 目前看起來是比較詳盡的一個
跟你說明一下這種 雙重疑問詞的句子。
do 開頭 跟 wh-/how 的疑問詞，
就是以前我們學的"間接問句"：
Do you know (who he is)? 你知道他是誰嗎？
Did you get (what I told you)? 你懂不懂我知前告訴你的事情啊？
一旦遇到兩個疑問詞，勢必有一個主詞動詞不能是疑問句的位置，
不然就是兩個疑問句了啊！不然我們學間接問句的意義是？
*所以 Do you know who is he 這句是錯的。
但當你遇到動詞是 think/suppose/guess/expect 等等的時候，
狀況又會不同，你知道為何嗎？因為要看你到底要問啥？
一般動詞如 know，你是想知道你知不知道他是誰，
因為我要知道的重點是，yes or no，所以你會把 Do 放在句首，
是的，我知道他是誰～ Yes, I know who he is.
*但是... think/suppose/guess/expect 這類動詞時，你的重點不是回答 yes/no
你是要知道另一個疑問詞的答案，所以會把那個疑問詞移到句首：
Do you think who he is? (X) 我要問的是：你認為他是誰？
我要你回答的是：一個人名等等，
而非 yes or no，所以 do不能是最前面的疑問詞。
你要把更重要的疑問詞移到前方，也就是 who!
所以就是
Who do you think he is? 你會回我： John. 就是約翰。
What time do you guess they will arrive? 你會回我：By Saturday.星期六前。
所以遇到這類的動詞，你的語意要思考一下，就知道要把 wh-/how移到前面了！
Boris L.
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