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不像中文裡簡單的一到十二月,在許多語言中,各個月份都有屬於自己的名字。
大部分歐洲語言的月份名字來自羅馬神話中的神明,而波蘭的月份名字,則是從農民曆來的!
就讓我們一個個來看它們的起源吧:
Styczeń(一月):「stykać」意思是會面的意思,代表舊的一年與新的一年在一月彷彿見到彼此一樣連接起來。
Luty(二月):在古波蘭文中,「luty」表示「強烈的」、「冷霜」、「極寒」。
Marzec(三月):「marznąć」表示「使……結凍」,也有些人認為這個字來自羅馬神話中的戰神Mars,波文拼法是「Martius」。
Kwiecień(四月):「kwiecie」表示花兒。在經歷極寒的二到三月後,終於春暖花開。
Maj(五月):這是唯一一個確認來自羅馬曆的月份名字,女神「Maia」是豐饒、成長之神,在波蘭文中也是同樣的意思。相近的字中,「majowka」代表的則是戶外旅行。
Czerwiec(六月):波蘭字「czerw」表示抓取,抓取什麼呢?答案是蜜蜂或蛾的幼蟲!在六月,以前的人們會抓幼蟲拿來曬乾,再製成紅色或紫色的顏料。也有人說六月這個波蘭字是來自「czerwiec」,代表變紅或成熟的意思。
Lipiec(七月):七月的名字來自「lipa」這個表示「椴樹」的波蘭字。椴樹在這個時期開花,在波蘭尤其普遍。波蘭詩人揚·科哈諾夫斯基(Jan Kochanowski)就曾作一首詩:〈關於椴樹(Na lipe)〉,其中一段「gosciu siadz pod ma lipa a odpoczyn sobie」即表示「貴客,請到我的椴樹下歇息」。
Sierpień(八月):「sierp」代表鐮刀,在這個豐收的季節,鐮刀自然是不可或缺的工具。
Wrzesień(九月):「wrzosy」表示石楠花,九月時,這種美麗的紫色會在各處盛放。
Październik(十月):「paździerz」表示亞麻或大麻的木質乾燥部分。從前這兩種植物是用來做布料的,十月的時候,風會帶走田地上所有的製完布料後剩餘的部分,在波蘭文中叫作「paździerze」。
Listopad(十一月):這個字來自「padajace liscie」,即落葉之意。
Grudzień(十二月):十二月寒冷的天氣讓地面都結冰了,「gruda」這個字就是指結冰的地面哦!
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了解波蘭月份名字的由來之後,是不是讓你覺得背這些單字更得心應手了呢?
如果這樣的程度太簡單的話,來試試這個跟月份有關的影片吧:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUXa5Hg_QzI
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Did you know that Poland did not adopt Latin names for months and has its own unique names? Unlike many other European countries that derive the names of the months from the Roman names of gods, caesars' or numbers, Polish names of the months take their origins in farmers' calendar. Check out their unique names in the list below.
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1. Styczeń - stykać means "to meet" - "to join" since the old year "meets the new year in January
2. Luty - luty in old Polish means "fierce", "bitter frost", "freezing cold"
3. Marzec - from marznac meaning " to freeze". Some people believe that this name comes also from Roman God "Martius" - in Polish Mars.
4. Kwiecień - from kwiecie - flowers - a blooming month.
5. Maj - this is the only name which was adopted from Roman calendar devoted to goddess Maia. Maia was the Roman female deity of growth or fertility.This name gained its own meaning in the Polish language, for instance as majowka- the outdoor trip.
6. Czerwiec - from czerw meaning "grab" - the larva of a bee or moth. In this month people were picking up the larves, dry them in the sun, and then made from it a red or purple die (pigment); therefore the name "czerw" comes from "redden" and some sources also derive the name of Polish June from a Polish word "czerwienic" - to redden or rippen
7. Lipiec - from lipa - "linden tree" - which flowers in that time; this tree is very popular in Poland. There is a famous poem by Kochanowski "Na lipe" (about Linden tree) - "gosciu siadz pod ma lipa a odpoczyn sobie" - "dear visitor -please sit under my linden tree and relax".
8. Sierpień - sierp is "a sickle" used for harvesting (tool to cut the hay, grass or wheat)
9. Wrzesień - from wrzosy - "heather" that beautifully purple in that time of the year
10. Październik - from paździerz - wooden dry part remained from flax or hemp. In the past flax and hemp was used for making cloths. In that time of the year the wind was carrying out "paździerze" - the wooden waste remained after flax and hemp - all over the fields.
11. Listopad - padajace liscie - falling leaves.
12. Grudzień - gruda - hardened ground which is caused by cold weather.
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To see more about months in Polish, you can watch this video (in Polish):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HBNroYoYQiY
(Adapted from culture.polishsite.us)
同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過12萬的網紅一二三渡辺,也在其Youtube影片中提到,) is ..Tsutenkaku (.. belvedere that builts in the center part in the vicinity of the new world in Osaka Prefecture Osaka City Naniwa Ward. Registerin...
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under the weather meaning 在 一二三渡辺 Youtube 的最讚貼文
) is ..Tsutenkaku (.. belvedere that builts in the center part in the vicinity of the new world in Osaka Prefecture Osaka City Naniwa Ward. Registering material cultural asset in country. It is familiar as one of the symbols of Osaka, and famous as the tourist spot.
Design and structure
* Main body: Iron frame make (a part of iron frame ferroconcrete make)
o ..tower.. height: 100m on the ground
o Width: 24m
o Between legs: 24m.
* Observatory: Iron frame reinforced concrete Concut make (two surrounding
glass -lined stories)
o Height: Even 84m and the second floor floor are 87.5m even in the
first floor floor.
* Supplementary building: Iron frame ferroconcrete make
* The performance: The earthquake of the Great Kanto Earthquake class and
the strong wind of 70 meters in the velocity of the wind can be stood.
Outline
Present Tsutenkaku was completed by the second generation in 1956(1956). Sightseeing..Ltd...Ltd.. It is managed. Height including the lightning rod is 103m(The height of the tower is 100m). The designer is Naito multi relations that handle the Nagoya television tower and Tokyo Tower, etc. almost made a simultaneous period. It is Okumura Construction that constructed construction.
It is a Confucianism person, and Fujisawa south Gaku that named, "Tsutenkaku" in the meaning "High
building that runs to the heaven" at the beginning of the Meiji era.
Hitachi Ltd. of the total electric machine enterprise has published an ad to the side in the tower since 1957 a finished year of Yoc (1957). It is assumed that it is a start that the speculation of sightseeing in Tsutenkaku to look for the major company that can publish an ad by extending over a long period of time for Hitachi and the funding to have tried to advance to Osaka in rivalry with the major electric machine enterprise (Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., SANYO Electric, and Sharp, etc.) in local at that time agreed with coming put on the advertisement by Hitachi. Detaching (Refer to the Cda article) and the citizens who felt the sense of incompatibility for the signboard without the mark at that time were not few in 2001 when Hitachi had discontinued it before though "Child mark of the turtle" that was the company pin of Hitachi had been put on the upper part of the advertisement either.
It interrupted, the environmental pollution etc. such as the urban ozones became factors, too and one million people were decreased sharply to about 200,000 people in 1975 in 1965 in 1956 when Ta was gotten in the second generation Tsutenkaku though the visitor had been exceeding 1.55 million people during year. The recovery tendency was gradually shown afterwards, there were a television program that made Tsutenkaku a stage and a rise among which the spit cutlet was popular, too and it recovered by one million people or more in 900,000 people and fiscal year 2007 in 2006. As for attendance figures increase in Tsutenkaku, sightseeing in Tsutenkaku is one to comment, "A young person might be requesting the emotion that seems to be Osaka from the new world".
It shines when 0 minutes per hour have passed in addition since the entire tower was colored because of the light of the neon based on the golden color and white at nighttime by the gradation with a vivid face of a large clock on the tower east side side. Neon is remodeled every about five years, and the present one is the 12th generation. Moreover, the neon light that shows next day's weather forecast by combining four colors lights to the tower top (fine = white and cloudy weather = bitter orange and rain = blue and snow = pink). The device of this neon light is connected with Osaka District Meteorological Observatories by the lease line, and is the one that the mechanism that forecast is displayed based on information from there it, was produced by Hitachi Ltd. in 1979(1979), and set up.
It was removed when the neon of this age was renewed, and the belt in three main lines in side was installed afterwards though it hung under the view room out the chapter of the monogram company of Hitachi Ltd. in 2001.
It was updated made in Hitachi in 2001 though an elevator at that time at the time of completed the second generation was made of the Orient Ortis elevator (present and Japanese Ortis elevator).
When the 50th rebuilding anniversary came in 2006, repair work was done. The color of neon was changed besides the shape of a large clock was changed to the octagon by Maru, and it came to stand out more.
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