#EZTALK #你不知道的美國大小事
#typhoon #hurricane #tropicalcyclone
大家有收聽 EZTALK 新開的 podcast #編輯講英文👀嗎？
有集 Amy 聊到颱風跟颶風的不同，這次由 Judd 編審出馬解惑囉！
🤔 明明都是熱帶氣旋，為什麼有時叫 typhoon，有時叫 hurricane？看完這一篇，保證你豁然開朗💪
BY 期待今年能放颱風假的 Libby 編
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🌪 Typhoons and Hurricanes 颱風與颶風
After a record-setting July—the first in 70 years with no typhoons or tropical storms—Taiwan finally got its first typhoon on Monday, August 3. Not particularly destructive by typhoon standards, Typhoon Hagupit nevertheless dropped heavy rain as it passed by north of the island, causing two casualties—a government employee who drowned at a pumping station and a scooter rider who was injured in a collision with a falling tree.
臺灣創下記錄，70年來首次在7月份沒有任何颱風或熱帶低氣壓，不過在8月3日週一終於迎來今年第一個颱風。以標準來看，輕度颱風哈格比雖然沒有特別具破壞性，但仍為臺灣北部帶來豪雨並造成2人死傷──1名政府人員被發現溺死在抽水站，1名機車騎士遇倒塌路樹受傷。
At the same time, Hurricane Isaias—the second of the 2020 Atlantic hurricane season, was headed toward the U.S. East Coast after causing flooding and property damage on several Caribbean islands. Typhoons and hurricanes are both large, spinning storms that form in the summer and early fall. They are both cyclones (cyclone comes from the Greek word for wheel) characterized by strong winds that form over tropical or subtropical waters. And they both have a low-pressure “eye” at the center when seen in a satellite image. So what is the difference?
同一時間，大西洋生成的2020年第2號颶風伊薩亞斯，對數個加勒比海海島造成洪災與經濟損失後，也正襲擊美國東岸。颱風跟颶風規模都很大，常在夏季與早秋形成，為旋轉式的暴風雨型態。兩者都是熱帶氣旋（cyclone氣旋這個字是希臘文，指「輪子」），是在熱帶或亞熱帶海域上所形成的強烈風暴。兩者中心都有低氣壓「眼」，在衛星雲圖上可以清楚看到。那麼，颱風和颶風到底有什麼不同呢？
The only difference between typhoons and hurricanes, it turns out, is where they occur. When tropical cyclones with wind speeds of 119 km per hour or higher form in the Northwest Pacific, they’re called typhoons—a word that probably came into English from the Cantonese term for “big wind.” When these same storms form in the Atlantic or Northeast Pacific, they’re called hurricanes—from the Spanish huracán, which was borrowed from Hurikán, the Taíno (a Caribbean tribe) god of storms. What about tropical cyclones that form in the Indian Ocean? They’re just called tropical cyclones.
原來，唯一的不同在於兩者所生成的地方。當熱帶氣旋生成於太平洋西北海域，且風速高達每小時119公里以上時，這些熱帶氣旋就叫做typhoon（颱風）──這個英文字可能源自廣東話「大風」。而同樣條件的暴風雨如果在大西洋或太平洋東北海域生成，就叫hurricane（颶風）──源自西班牙語「huracán」，這個字是借自一支叫做Taíno 的加勒比部落語言，他們稱風暴之王為Hurikán。那在印度洋生成的熱帶氣旋又叫做什麼呢？直接叫tropical cyclone（熱帶氣旋）就好。
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【✍ 主題單字】
1. record-setting「創下記錄的」：record 在這裡指「記錄」，相關用語：record-breaking「破紀錄的」
2. casualty「（意外或事故）傷亡人員」
3. collision「車輛碰撞」
4. tropical「熱帶的」；subtropical「亞熱帶的」
5. satellite image「衛星雲圖」
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