關於 response write ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

大家最近追完了「火神的眼淚💧」，
要不要考慮追一下俐媽推薦的美劇呀？
如同俐媽直播時說的：
Immerse yourself in an English environment.

俐媽的精選中有各位俐寶熱情的推薦的美劇，
大家有興趣可以去瞧瞧！

至於好多人私訊問俐媽：
我推薦什麼呢？

那當然是陪伴我青春歲月的「六人行 Friends」，
不但劇情有趣、對話詼諧，
關係的糾葛、大牌明星的客串⋯
實在令人拍案叫絕！

重點是：他們六人多年後又合體拍攝了！
續集已然推出，全球影迷為之瘋狂🤩🤩🤩
這樣席捲全球的話題，你怎能錯過！？

俐媽的愛徒李學長(當年他在我的英模班考過💯滿分，他寫的作文好到連嚴格著名的我也給了20滿分)，
他目前是我的編輯同仁(我的超級得力助手)，
他也是Friends的狂粉！

李學長寫了一篇大推Friends的文章，大家一起欣賞欣賞👯❤️👯‍♂️❤️👯‍♀️

——————————————————————-
🎬 俐媽英文教室—美劇Friends篇：

六人行（Friends）是一部相當經典的美國電視情境喜劇，該劇於1994年9月22日開始播出，於2004年5月6日結束，共播出十季236集。近期因六位主角合體聚在一起合拍“Friends: The Reunion” (六人行：當我們又在一起)，這部戲劇又再度勾起世界各地的劇迷的回憶，雖然這部美劇距離播映結束已有17年之久，但劇中許多經典台詞與片段可說是深植人心，讓許多人念念不忘，整部劇甚至還成為不少人學習英語的絕佳素材！

以下筆者列出幾項為何六人行能讓人如此入迷以及風靡全球的原因：

★主角、配角都有印象深刻之處
在六人行中，六位主角（Phoebe, Rachel, Monica, Joey, Chandler, Ross）都有著鮮明的性格和各自的魅力之處，而非像部分戲劇當中只有少數幾位演員的表現突出；他們跟凡人一樣並不完美，也有一些讓有些人受不了的缺點，可當你把這六位湊在一起後，卻又會覺得一切是那麼的完美，彼此互補，缺一不可。
而有別於其他戲劇往往客串角色不太會引人注目，六人行的各個配角也獨具特色，可說是完美的佐料，讓整齣戲劇品嚐起來更加美味。以Janice這個角色來說，相信只要是有看過Friends的人，在看以下這幾句台詞時，馬上面前會出現畫面，耳邊會很神奇地冒出聲音來：“OH MY GOD!” “Chandler Bing” “I’ll write you every day: 15 Yemen Road, Yemen.”

★劇情貼近你我 容易產生共鳴
六人行的劇情相當單純，劇情圍繞在六位主角的日常生活大小事，從彼此互不相識到後來成為密不可分的好友，整體的劇情氛圍不沈悶，每集都有讓人捧腹大笑的對話。而貫穿整部戲劇的主軸自然是六人之間的「友情」，除此之外，六人行也帶出許多值得我們省思的議題包含愛情、親情、婚姻、生育等等，雖說這些主題大多都是用幽默的手法來詮釋，但卻也會讓觀眾感同身受。

★經典台詞朗朗上口
還記得犀利人妻中那兩句讓人印象深刻的台詞嗎？「在愛情裡不被愛的才是第三者。」「可是瑞凡，我回不去了。」在六人行中，經典台詞可不只兩句，六人行劇迷隨時可以朗朗上口好幾十句的台詞對白，這些難忘的台詞金句總是在觀看後依然在觀眾腦海中揮之不去。
現在讓我們一起來回顧幾句，看看你是否能想起是誰說了這些話：
“How you doin’?”
“WE WERE ON A BREAK!”
“I know!”
“Welcome to the real world. It sucks. You’re gonna love it!”
“If you want to receive emails about my upcoming shows, then please give me money so I can buy a computer.”
“Up until I was 25 I thought the only response to, ‘I love you,’ was, ‘Oh crap!’”
“I wish I could, but I don’t want to.”
“I have to go before I put your head through a wall.”
“So meet Princess Consuela Banana Hammock.”
“Joey doesn’t share food!”
“He’s her lobster.”

六人行沒有強大的聲光效果，也沒有華麗的排場，但保證有滿滿的「笑」果，即便已經結束播映許久，但依然是許多人心目中第一名的美國影集，相當適合想入坑美劇的人，即便你已經從第一季看到最後一季看了N遍，已經對下一秒的劇情相當熟悉甚至跟筆者一樣連台詞都記得一清二楚，你每次重看依然臉上會掛滿笑容。
——————————————————————-
“Friends” is always my best companion!

#俐媽英文教室
#俐媽英文教室美劇篇
#俐媽英文教室friends篇
#一波美劇追起來
#感謝李學長的撰文👍🏼
#台大明明表演的是N人行
#我們各個老師都有精湛的表演

這是前些日子爆出已經被加拿大法院接理對藏傳佛教噶舉派法王的訟訴。（加拿大法院鏈接在此：https://www.bccourts.ca/jdb-txt/sc/21/09/2021BCSC0939cor1.htm?fbclid=IwAR2FLZlzmUIGTBaTuKPVchEqqngcE3Qy6G_C0TWNWVKa2ksbIYkVJVMQ8f8）

這位法王的桃色事件，我是幾年前才聽到。但，藏傳佛教的高層有這些性醜聞，我已經聽了幾十年。我以前的一位前女友也被一些堪布藉故上她的家摟抱過，也有一些活佛跟她表白。（這不只是她，其他地方我也聽過不少）

這是一個藏傳佛教裡面系統式的問題。

很多時候發生這種事情，信徒和教主往往都是說女方得不到寵而報仇，或者說她們也精神病，或者說她們撒謊。

我不排除有這種可能性，但，多過一位，甚至多位出來指證的時候，我是傾向於相信『沒有那麼巧這麼多有精神病的女人要撒謊來報仇』。

大寶法王的桃色事件，最先吹哨的是一位台灣的在家信徒，第二位是香港的女出家人，現在加拿大又多一位公開舉報上法庭。

對大寶法王信徒來說，這一次的比較麻煩，因為是有孩子的。（關於有孩子的，我早在法王的桃色事件曝光時，就有聽聞）

如果法庭勒令要驗證DNA，這對法王和他的信徒來說，會很尷尬和矛盾，因為做或不做，都死。

你若問我，我覺得『人數是有力量的』，同時我也覺得之後有更多的人站出來，是不出奇的。

我也藉此呼籲各方佛教徒，如果你們真的愛佛教，先別說批判，但如鴕鳥般不討論這些爭議，你是間接害了佛教。

（下面是我從加拿大法院鏈接拷貝下來的內容，當中有很多細節。）

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND

ANALYSIS

A. The Spousal Support Claim in this Case

B. The Test to Amend Pleadings

C. Pleadings in Family Law Cases

D. The Legal Concept of a Marriage-Like Relationship

E. Is There a Reasonable Claim of a Marriage-Like Relationship?

F. Delay / Prejudice

CONCLUSION



INTRODUCTION
[1] The claimant applies to amend her notice of family claim to seek spousal support. At issue is whether the claimant’s allegations give rise to a reasonable claim she lived with the respondent in a marriage-like relationship, so as to give rise to a potential entitlement to spousal support under the Family Law Act, S.B.C. 2011, c. 25 (“FLA”).

[2] The facts alleged by the claimant do not fit within a traditional concept of marriage. The claimant does not allege that she and the respondent ever lived together. Indeed, she has only met the respondent in person four times: twice very briefly in a public setting; a third time in private, when she alleges the respondent sexually assaulted her; and a fourth and final occasion, when she informed the respondent she was pregnant with his child.

[3] The claimant’s case is that what began as a non-consensual sexual encounter evolved into a loving and affectionate relationship. That relationship occurred almost entirely over private text messages. The parties rarely spoke on the telephone, and never saw one another during the relationship, even over video. The claimant says they could not be together because the respondent is forbidden by his station and religious beliefs from intimate relationships or marriage. Nonetheless, she alleges, they formed a marriage-like relationship that lasted from January 2018 to January 2019.

[4] The respondent denies any romantic relationship with the claimant. While he acknowledges providing emotional and financial support to the claimant, he says it was for the benefit of the child the claimant told him was his daughter.

[5] The claimant’s proposed amendment raises a novel question: can a secret relationship that began on-line and never moved into the physical world be like a marriage? In my view, that question should be answered by a trial judge after hearing all of the evidence. The alleged facts give rise to a reasonable claim the claimant lived with the respondent in a marriage-like relationship. Accordingly, I grant the claimant leave to amend her notice of family claim.

BACKGROUND
[6] It should be emphasized that this is an application to amend pleadings only. The allegations by the claimant are presumed to be true for the purposes of this application. Those allegations have not been tested in a court of law.

[7] The respondent, Ogyen Trinley Dorje, is a high lama of the Karma Kagyu School of Tibetan Buddhism. He has been recognized and enthroned as His Holiness, the 17th Gyalwang Karmapa. Without meaning any disrespect, I will refer to him as Mr. Dorje in these reasons for judgment.

[8] Mr. Dorje leads a monastic and nomadic lifestyle. His true home is Tibet, but he currently resides in India. He receives followers from around the world at the Gyuto Monetary in India. He also travels the world teaching Tibetan Buddhist Dharma and hosting pujas, ceremonies at which Buddhists express their gratitude and devotion to the Buddha.

[9] The claimant, Vikki Hui Xin Han, is a former nun of Tibetan Buddhism. Ms. Han first encountered Mr. Dorje briefly at a large puja in 2014. The experience of the puja convinced Ms. Han she wanted to become a Buddhist nun. She met briefly with Mr. Dorje, in accordance with Kagyu traditions, to obtain his approval to become a nun.

[10] In October 2016, Ms. Han began a three-year, three-month meditation retreat at a monastery in New York State. Her objective was to learn the practices and teachings of the Kagyu Lineage. Mr. Dorje was present at the retreat twice during the time Ms. Han was at the monastery.

[11] Ms. Han alleges that on October 14, 2017, Mr. Dorje sexually assaulted her in her room at the monastery. She alleges that she became pregnant from the assault.

[12] After she learned that she was pregnant, Ms. Han requested a private audience with Mr. Dorje. In November 2017, in the presence of his bodyguards, Ms. Han informed Mr. Dorje she was pregnant with his child. Mr. Dorje initially denied responsibility; however, he provided Ms. Han with his email address and a cellphone number, and, according to Ms. Han, said he would “prepare some money” for her.

[13] Ms. Han abandoned her plan to become a nun, left the retreat and returned to Canada. She never saw Mr. Dorje again.

[14] After Ms. Han returned to Canada, she and Mr. Dorje began a regular communication over an instant messaging app called Line. They also exchanged emails and occasionally spoke on the telephone.

[15] The parties appear to have expressed care and affection for one another in these communications. I say “appear to” because it is difficult to fully understand the meaning and intentions of another person from brief text messages, especially those originally written in a different language. The parties wrote in a private shorthand, sharing jokes, emojis, cartoon portraits and “hugs” or “kisses”. Ms. Han was the more expressive of the two, writing more frequently and in longer messages. Mr. Dorje generally participated in response to questions or prompting from Ms. Han, sometimes in single word messages.

[16] Ms. Han deposes that she believed Mr. Dorje was in love with her and that, by January 2018, she and Mr. Dorje were living in a “conjugal relationship”.

[17] During their communications, Ms. Han expressed concern that her child would be “illegitimate”. She appears to have asked Mr. Dorje to marry her, and he appears to have responded that he was “not ready”.

[18] Throughout 2018, Mr. Dorje transferred funds in various denominations to Ms. Han through various third parties. Ms. Han deposes that these funds were:

a) $50,000 CDN to deliver the child and for postpartum care she was to receive at a facility in Seattle;

b) $300,000 CDN for the first year of the child’s life;

c) $20,000 USD for a wedding ring, because Ms. Han wrote “Even if we cannot get married, you must buy me a wedding ring”;

d) $400,000 USD to purchase a home for the mother and child.

[19] On June 19, 2018, Ms. Han gave birth to a daughter in Richmond, B.C.

[20] On September 17, 2018, Mr. Dorje wrote, ”Taking care of her and you are my duty for life”.

[21] Ms. Han’s expectation was that the parties would live together in the future. She says they planned to live together. Those plans evolved over time. Initially they involved purchasing a property in Toronto, so that Mr. Dorje could visit when he was in New York. They also discussed purchasing property in Calgary or renting a home in Vancouver for that purpose. Ms. Han eventually purchased a condominium in Richmond using funds provided by Mr. Dorje.

[22] Ms. Han deposes that the parties made plans for Mr. Dorje to visit her and meet the child in Richmond. In October 2018, however, Mr. Dorje wrote that he needed to “disappear” to Europe. He wrote:

I will definitely find a way to meet her

And you

Remember to take care of yourself if something happens

[23] The final plan the parties discussed, according to Ms. Han, was that Mr. Dorje would sponsor Ms. Han and the child to immigrate to the United States and live at the Kagyu retreat centre in New York State.

[24] In January 2019, Ms. Han lost contact with Mr. Dorje.

[25] Ms. Han commenced this family law case on July 17, 2019, seeking child support, a declaration of parentage and a parentage test. She did not seek spousal support.

[26] Ms. Han first proposed a claim for spousal support in October 2020 after a change in her counsel. Following an exchange of correspondence concerning an application for leave to amend the notice of family claim, Ms. Han’s counsel wrote that Ms. Han would not be advancing a spousal support claim. On March 16, 2020, counsel reversed course, and advised that Ms. Han had instructed him to proceed with the application.

[27] When this application came on before me, the trial was set to commence on June 7, 2021. The parties were still in the process of discoveries and obtaining translations for hundreds of pages of documents in Chinese characters.

[28] At a trial management conference on May 6, 2021, noting the parties were not ready to proceed, Madam Justice Walkem adjourned the trial to April 11, 2022.

ANALYSIS
A. The Spousal Support Claim in this Case
[29] To claim spousal support in this case, Ms. Han must plead that she lived with Mr. Dorje in a marriage-like relationship. This is because only “spouses” are entitled to spousal support, and s. 3 of the Family Law Act defines a spouse as a person who is married or has lived with another person in a marriage-like relationship:

3 (1) A person is a spouse for the purposes of this Act if the person

(a) is married to another person, or

(b) has lived with another person in a marriage-like relationship, and

(i) has done so for a continuous period of at least 2 years, or

(ii) except in Parts 5 [Property Division] and 6 [Pension Division], has a child with the other person.

[30] Because she alleges she has a child with Mr. Dorje, Ms. Han need not allege that the relationship endured for a continuous period of two years to claim spousal support; but she must allege that she lived in a marriage-like relationship with him at some point in time. Accordingly, she must amend the notice of family claim.

B. The Test to Amend Pleadings
[31] Given that the notice of trial has been served, Ms. Han requires leave of the court to amend the notice of family claim: Supreme Court Family Rule 8-1(1)(b)(i).

[32] A person seeking to amend a notice of family claim must show that there is a reasonable cause of action. This is a low threshold. What the applicant needs to establish is that, if the facts pleaded are proven at trial, they would support a reasonable claim. The applicant’s allegations of fact are assumed to be true for the purposes of this analysis. Cantelon v. Wall, 2015 BCSC 813, at para. 7-8.

[33] The applicant’s delay, the reasons for the delay, and the prejudice to the responding party are also relevant factors. The ultimate consideration is whether it would be just and convenient to allow the amendment. Cantelon, at para. 6, citing Teal Cedar Products Ltd. v. Dale Intermediaries Ltd. et al (1986), 19 B.C.L.R. (3d) 282.

C. Pleadings in Family Law Cases
[34] Supreme Court Family Rules 3-1(1) and 4-1(1) require that a claim to spousal support be pleaded in a notice of family claim in Form F3. Section 2 of Form F3, “Spousal relationship history”, requires a spousal support claimant to check the boxes that apply to them, according to whether they are or have been married or are or have been in a marriage-like relationship. Where a claimant alleges a marriage-like relationship, Form F3 requires that they provide the date on which they began to live together with the respondent in a marriage-like relationship and, where applicable, the date on which they separated. Form F3 does not require a statement of the factual basis for the claim of spousal support.

[35] In this case, Ms. Han seeks to amend the notice of family claim to allege that she and Mr. Dorje began to live in a marriage-like relationship in or around January 2018, and separated in or around January 2019.

[36] An allegation that a person lived with a claimant in a marriage-like relationship is a conclusion of law, not an allegation of fact. Unlike the rules governing pleadings in civil actions, however, the Supreme Court Family Rules do not expressly require family law claimants to plead the material facts in support of conclusions of law.

[37] In other words, there is no express requirement in the Supreme Court Family Rules that Ms. Han plead the facts on which she relies for the allegation she and Mr. Dorje lived in a marriage-like relationship.

[38] Rule 4-6 authorizes a party to demand particulars, and then apply to the court for an order for further and better particulars, of a matter stated in a pleading. However, unless and until she is granted leave and files the proposed amended notice of family claim, Ms. Han’s allegation of a marriage-like relationship is not a matter stated in a pleading.

[39] Ms. Han filed an affidavit in support of her application to amend the notice of family claim. Normally, evidence would not be required or admissible on an application to amend a pleading. However, in the unusual circumstances of this case, the parties agreed I may look to Ms. Han’s affidavit and exhibits for the facts she pleads in support of the allegation of a marriage-like relationship.

[40] Because this is an application to amend - and Ms. Han’s allegations of fact are presumed to be true - I have not considered Mr. Dorje’s responding affidavit.

[41] Relying on affidavit evidence for an application to amend pleadings is less than ideal. It tends to merge and confuse the material facts with the evidence that would be relied on to prove those facts. In a number of places in her affidavit, for example, Ms. Han describes her feelings, impressions and understandings. A person’s hopes and intentions are not normally material facts unless they are mutual or reasonably held. The facts on which Ms. Han alleges she and Mr. Dorje formed a marriage-like relationship are more important for the present purposes than her belief they entered into a conjugal union.

[42] Somewhat unusually, in this case, almost all of the parties’ relevant communications were in writing. This makes it somewhat easier to separate the facts from the evidence; however, as stated above, it is difficult to understand the intentions and actions of a person from brief text messages.

[43] In my view, it would be a good practice for applicants who seek to amend their pleadings in family law cases to provide opposing counsel and the court with a schedule of the material facts on which they rely for the proposed amendment.

D. The Legal Concept of a Marriage-Like Relationship
[44] As Mr. Justice Myers observed in Mother 1 v. Solus Trust Company, 2019 BCSC 200, the concept of a marriage-like relationship is elastic and difficult to define. This elasticity is illustrated by the following passage from Yakiwchuk v. Oaks, 2003 SKQB 124, quoted by Myers J. at para. 133 of Mother 1:

[10] Spousal relationships are many and varied. Individuals in spousal relationships, whether they are married or not, structure their relationships differently. In some relationships there is a complete blending of finances and property - in others, spouses keep their property and finances totally separate and in still others one spouse may totally control those aspects of the relationship with the other spouse having little or no knowledge or input. For some couples, sexual relations are very important - for others, that aspect may take a back seat to companionship. Some spouses do not share the same bed. There may be a variety of reasons for this such as health or personal choice. Some people are affectionate and demonstrative. They show their feelings for their “spouse” by holding hands, touching and kissing in public. Other individuals are not demonstrative and do not engage in public displays of affection. Some “spouses” do everything together - others do nothing together. Some “spouses” vacation together and some spend their holidays apart. Some “spouses” have children - others do not. It is this variation in the way human beings structure their relationships that make the determination of when a “spousal relationship” exists difficult to determine. With married couples, the relationship is easy to establish. The marriage ceremony is a public declaration of their commitment and intent. Relationships outside marriage are much more difficult to ascertain. Rarely is there any type of “public” declaration of intent. Often people begin cohabiting with little forethought or planning. Their motivation is often nothing more than wanting to “be together”. Some individuals have chosen to enter relationships outside marriage because they did not want the legal obligations imposed by that status. Some individuals have simply given no thought as to how their relationship would operate. Often the date when the cohabitation actually began is blurred because people “ease into” situations, spending more and more time together. Agreements between people verifying when their relationship began and how it will operate often do not exist.

[45] In Mother 1, Mr. Justice Myers referred to a list of 22 factors grouped into seven categories, from Maldowich v. Penttinen, (1980), 17 R.F.L. (2d) 376 (Ont. Dist. Ct.), that have frequently been cited in this and other courts for the purpose of determining whether a relationship was marriage-like, at para. 134 of Mother 1:

1. Shelter:

(a) Did the parties live under the same roof?

(b) What were the sleeping arrangements?

(c) Did anyone else occupy or share the available accommodation?

2. Sexual and Personal Behaviour:

(a) Did the parties have sexual relations? If not, why not?

(b) Did they maintain an attitude of fidelity to each other?

(c) What were their feelings toward each other?

(d) Did they communicate on a personal level?

(e) Did they eat their meals together?

(f) What, if anything, did they do to assist each other with problems or during illness?

(g) Did they buy gifts for each other on special occasions?

3. Services:

What was the conduct and habit of the parties in relation to:

(a) preparation of meals;

(b) washing and mending clothes;

(c) shopping;

(d) household maintenance; and

(e) any other domestic services?

4. Social:

(a) Did they participate together or separately in neighbourhood and community activities?

(b) What was the relationship and conduct of each of them toward members of their respective families and how did such families behave towards the parties?

5. Societal:

What was the attitude and conduct of the community toward each of them and as a couple?

6. Support (economic):

(a) What were the financial arrangements between the parties regarding the provision of or contribution toward the necessaries of life (food, clothing, shelter, recreation, etc.)?

(b) What were the arrangements concerning the acquisition and ownership of property?

(c) Was there any special financial arrangement between them which both agreed would be determinant of their overall relationship?

7. Children:

What was the attitude and conduct of the parties concerning children?

[46] In Austin v. Goerz, 2007 BCCA 586, the Court of Appeal cautioned against a “checklist approach”; rather, a court should "holistically" examine all the relevant factors. Cases like Molodowich provide helpful indicators of the sorts of behaviour that society associates with a marital relationship, the Court of Appeal said; however, “the presence or absence of any particular factor cannot be determinative of whether a relationship is marriage-like” (para. 58).

[47] In Weber v. Leclerc, 2015 BCCA 492, the Court of Appeal again affirmed that there is no checklist of characteristics that will be found in all marriages and then concluded with respect to evidence of intentions:

[23] The parties’ intentions – particularly the expectation that the relationship will be of lengthy, indeterminate duration – may be of importance in determining whether a relationship is “marriage-like”. While the court will consider the evidence expressly describing the parties’ intentions during the relationship, it will also test that evidence by considering whether the objective evidence is consonant with those intentions.

[24] The question of whether a relationship is “marriage-like” will also typically depend on more than just their intentions. Objective evidence of the parties’ lifestyle and interactions will also provide direct guidance on the question of whether the relationship was “marriage-like”.

[48] Significantly for this case, the courts have looked to mutual intent in order to find a marriage-like relationship. See, for example, L.E. v. D.J., 2011 BCSC 671 and Buell v. Unger, 2011 BCSC 35; Davey Estate v. Gruyaert, 2005 CarswellBC 3456 at 13 and 35.

[49] In Mother 1, Myers J. concluded his analysis of the law with the following learned comment:

[143] Having canvassed the law relating to the nature of a marriage-like relationship, I will digress to point out the problematic nature of the concept. It may be apparent from the above that determining whether a marriage-like relationship exists sometimes seems like sand running through one's fingers. Simply put, a marriage-like relationship is akin to a marriage without the formality of a marriage. But as the cases mentioned above have noted, people treat their marriages differently and have different conceptions of what marriage entails.

[50] In short, the determination of whether the parties in this case lived in a marriage-like relationship is a fact-specific inquiry that a trial judge would need to make on a “holistic” basis, having regard to all of the evidence. While the trial judge may consider the various factors listed in the authorities, those factors would not be treated as a checklist and no single factor or category of factors would be treated as being decisive.

E. Is There a Reasonable Claim of a Marriage-Like Relationship?
[51] In this case, many of the Molodowich factors are missing:

a) The parties never lived under the same roof. They never slept together. They were never in the same place at the same time during the relationship. The last time they saw each other in person was in November 2017, before the relationship began.

b) The parties never had consensual sex. They did not hug, kiss or hold hands. With the exception of the alleged sexual assault, they never touched one another physically.

c) The parties expressed care and affection for one another, but they rarely shared personal information or interest in their lives outside of their direct topic of communication. They did not write about their families, their friends, their religious beliefs or their work.

d) They expressed concern and support for one another when the other felt unwell or experienced health issues, but they did not provide any care or assistance during illness or other problems.

e) They did not assist one another with domestic chores.

f) They did not share their relationship with their peers or their community. There is no allegation, for example, that Mr. Dorje told his fellow monks or any of his followers about the relationship. There is no allegation that Ms. Han told her friends or any co-workers. Indeed, there is no allegation that anyone, with the exception of Ms. Han’s mother, knew about the relationship. Although Mr. Dorje gave Ms. Han’s mother a gift, he never met the mother and he never spoke to her.

g) They did not intend to have a child together. The child was conceived as a result of a sexual assault. While Mr. Dorje expressed interest in “meeting” the child, he never followed up. He currently has no relationship with the child. There is no allegation he has sought access or parenting arrangements.

[52] The only Molodowich factor of any real relevance in this case is economic support. Mr. Dorje provided the funds with which Ms. Han purchased a condominium. Mr. Dorje initially wrote that he wanted to buy a property with the money, but, he wrote, “It’s the same thing if you buy [it]”.

[53] Mr. Dorje also provided a significant amount of money for Ms. Han’s postpartum care and the child’s first year of life.

[54] This financial support may have been primarily for the benefit of the child. Even the condominium, Ms. Han wrote, was primarily for the benefit of the child.

[55] However, in my view, a trial judge may attach a broader significance to the financial support from Mr. Dorje than child support alone. A trial judge may find that the money Mr. Dorje provided to Ms. Han at her request was an expression of his commitment to her in circumstances in which he could not commit physically. The money and the gifts may be seen by the trial judge to have been a form of down payment by Mr. Dorje on a promise of continued emotional and financial support for Ms. Han, or, in Mr. Dorje’s own words, “Taking care of her and you are my duty for life” (emphasis added).

[56] On the other hand, I find it difficult to attach any particular significance to the fact that Mr. Dorje agreed to provide funds for Ms. Han to purchase a wedding ring. It appears to me that Ms. Han demanded that Mr. Dorje buy her a wedding ring, not that the ring had any mutual meaning to the parties as a marriage symbol. But it is relevant, in my view, that Mr. Dorje provided $20,000 USD to Ms. Han for something she wanted that was of no benefit to the child.

[57] Further, Ms. Han alleges that the parties intended to live together. At a minimum, a trial judge may find that the discussions about where Ms. Han and the child would live reflected a mutual intention of the parties to see one another and spend time together when they could.

[58] Mr. Dorje argues that an intention to live together at some point in the future is not sufficient to show that an existing relationship was marriage-like. He argues that the question of whether the relationship was marriage-like requires more than just intentions, citing Weber, supra.

[59] In my view, the documentary evidence referred to above provides some objective evidence in this case that the parties progressed beyond mere intentions. As stated, the parties appear to have expressed genuine care and affection for one another. They appear to have discussed marriage, trust, honesty, finances, mutual obligations and acquiring family property. These are not matters one would expect Mr. Dorje to discuss with a friend or a follower, or even with the mother of his child, without a marriage-like element of the relationship.

[60] A trial judge may find on the facts alleged by Ms. Han that the parties loved one another and would have lived together, but were unable to do so because of Mr. Dorje’s religious duties and nomadic lifestyle.

[61] The question I raised in the introduction to these reasons is whether a relationship that began on-line and never moved into the physical world can be marriage-like.

[62] Notably, the definition of a spouse in the Family Law Act does not require that the parties live together, only that they live with another person in a marriage-like relationship.

[63] In Connor Estate, 2017 BCSC 978, Mr. Justice Kent found that a couple that maintained two entirely separate households and never lived under the same roof formed a marriage-like relationship. (Connor Estate was decided under the intestacy provisions of the Wills, Estates and Succession Act, S.B.C. 2009, c. 13 ("WESA"), but courts have relied on cases decided under WESA and the FLA interchangeably for their definitions of a spouse.) Mr. Justice Kent found:

[50] The evidence is overwhelming and I find as a fact that Mr. Chambers and Ms. Connor loved and cared deeply about each other, and that they had a loving and intimate relationship for over 20 years that was far more than mere friendship or even so-called "friendship with benefits". I accept Mr. Chambers' evidence that he would have liked to share a home with Ms. Connor after the separation from his wife, but was unable to do so because of Ms. Connor's hoarding illness. The evidence amply supports, and I find as a fact, that Mr. Chambers and Ms. Connor loved each other, were faithful to each other, communicated with each other almost every day when they were not together, considered themselves to be (and presented themselves to be) "husband and wife" and were accepted by all who knew them as a couple.

[64] Connor Estate may be distinguishable from this case because Mr. Chambers and Ms. Connor were physically intimate for over 20 years, and presented themselves to the world as a married couple.

[65] Other decisions in which a marriage-like relationship has been found to exist despite the parties not living together have involved circumstances in which the couple lived under the same roof at previous points in the relationship, and the issue was whether they continued to be spouses after they took up separate residences: in Thompson v. Floyd, 2001 BCCA 78, the parties had lived together for a period of at least 11 years; in Roach v. Dutra, 2010 BCCA 264, the parties had lived together for approximately three years.

[66] However, as Mr. Justice Kent noted in Connor Estate:

[48] … [W]hile much guidance might be found in this case law, the simple fact is that no two cases are identical (and indeed they usually vary widely) and it is the assessment of evidence as a whole in this particular case which matters.

[67] Mr. Justice Kent concluded:

[53] Like human beings themselves, marriage-like relationships can come in many and various shapes. In this particular case, I have no doubt that such a relationship existed …

[68] As stated, Ms. Han’s claim is novel. It may even be weak. Almost all of the traditional factors are missing. The fact that Ms. Han and Mr. Dorje never lived under the same roof, never shared a bed and never even spent time together in person will militate against a finding they lived with one another in a marriage-like relationship. However, the traditional factors are not a mandatory check-list that confines the “elastic” concept of a marriage-like relationship. And if the COVID pandemic has taught us nothing else, it is that real relationships can form, blossom and end in virtual worlds.

[69] In my view, the merits of Ms. Han’s claim should be decided on the evidence. Subject to an overriding prejudice to Mr. Dorje, she should have leave to amend the notice of family claim. However, she should also provide meaningful particulars of the alleged marriage-like relationship.

F. Delay / Prejudice
[70] Ms. Han filed her notice of family claim on July 17, 2019. She brought this application to amend approximately one year and nine months after she filed the pleading, just over two months before the original trial date.

[71] Ms. Han’s delay was made all that more remarkable by her change in position from January 19, 2021, when she confirmed, through counsel, that she was not seeking spousal support in this case.

[72] Ms. Han gave notice of her intention to proceed with this application to Mr. Dorje on March 16, 2021. By the time the application was heard, the parties had conducted examinations for discovery without covering the issues that would arise from a claim of spousal support.

[73] Also, in April, Ms. Han produced additional documents, primarily text messages, that may be relevant to her claim of spousal support, but were undecipherable to counsel for Mr. Dorje, who does not read Mandarin.

[74] This application proceeded largely on documents selected and translated by counsel for Ms. Han. I was informed that Mandarin translations of the full materials would take 150 days.

[75] Understandably in the circumstances, Mr. Dorje argued that an amendment two months before trial would be neither just nor convenient. He argued that he would be prejudiced by an adjournment so as to allow Ms. Han to advance a late claim of spousal support.

[76] The circumstances changed on May 6, 2021, when Madam Justice Walkem adjourned the trial to July 2022 and reset it for 25 days. Madam Justice Walkem noted that most of the witnesses live internationally and require translators. She also noted that paternity may be in issue, and Mr. Dorje may amend his pleadings to raise that issue. It seems clear that, altogether apart from the potential spousal support claim, the parties were not ready to proceed to trial on June 7, 2021.

[77] In my view, any remaining prejudice to Mr. Dorje is outweighed by the importance of having all of the issues between the parties decided on their merits.

[78] Ms. Han’s delay and changes of position on spousal support may be a matter to de addressed in a future order of costs; but they are not grounds on which to deny her leave to amend the notice of family claim.

CONCLUSION
[79] Ms. Han is granted leave to amend her notice of family claim in the form attached as Appendix A to the notice of application to include a claim for spousal support.

[80] Within 21 days, or such other deadline as the parties may agree, Ms. Han must provide particulars of the marriage-like relationship alleged in the amended notice of family claim.

[81] Ms. Han is entitled to costs of this application in the cause of the spousal support claim.

“Master Elwood”

Better than the Conscience

“Yahweh God said, “Behold, the man has become like one of us, knowing good and evil. Now, lest he reach out his hand, and also take of the tree of life, and eat, and live forever...”” (Genesis‬ ‭3:22‬ ‭WEB‬‬)

The ability to discern between good and evil is not a bad thing. God has this ability.

In a person, this ability is called the conscience. Man that has been tainted by sin cannot use the conscience properly because apart from Christ, they seek to build their own way to Heaven.

“They said, “Come, let’s build ourselves a city, and a tower whose top reaches to the sky, and let’s make a name for ourselves, lest we be scattered abroad on the surface of the whole earth.”” (Genesis‬ ‭11:4‬ ‭WEB‬‬)

Mankind tried to build a high tower that reaches into Heaven, not submitting to the truth that faith in Yahweh is the only way into Heaven.

“For being ignorant of God’s righteousness, and seeking to establish their own righteousness, they didn’t subject themselves to the righteousness of God. For Christ is the fulfillment of the law for righteousness to everyone who believes.” (Romans‬ ‭10:3-4‬ ‭WEB‬‬)

The conscience causes mankind to invent all sorts of philosophies in fleshly attempts to do good and earn their way into Heaven.

The conscience is the “law for righteousness” (the Ten Commandments) written in every man’s heart ever since Adam ate from the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil.

This law tells us that whoever sins must pay for it with the penalty of death. It is a law that bringing consciousness of sin.

At the cross, Jesus’ allowed His blood to be shed, and He laid down His life, fully satisfying the demands of the Old Covenant of the Law. His divine blood paid for all of the sins of the world, and His death established the New Covenant of Grace.

Whoever places his faith in Jesus is set free from the Ten Commandments, and instead comes under Grace.

Instead of a law that brings consciousness of sin, God has written a new type of law in our hearts and minds.

“Bear one another’s burdens, and so fulfill the law of Christ.” (Galatians‬ ‭6:2‬ ‭WEB‬‬)

It is called the law of Christ, and it is not the same as the law of Moses.

The law of Moses was the knowledge of sin, whereas the law of Christ is the knowledge of righteousness. The law of Moses is the consciousness of sin which produces the fear of death, whereas the law of Christ is the consciousness of God’s love which produces the desire to obey and follow the Holy Spirit.

““This is the covenant that I will make with them: ‘After those days,’ says the Lord, ‘I will put my laws on their heart, I will also write them on their mind;’” then he says, “I will remember their sins and their iniquities no more.” Now where remission of these is, there is no more offering for sin. Having therefore, brothers, boldness to enter into the holy place by the blood of Jesus, by the way which he dedicated for us, a new and living way, through the veil, that is to say, his flesh; and having a great priest over God’s house, let’s draw near with a true heart in fullness of faith, having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience, and having our body washed with pure water, let us hold fast the confession of our hope without wavering; for he who promised is faithful.” (Hebrews‬ ‭10:16-23‬ ‭WEB‬‬)

Dear believer, God writes a new set of laws in your heart and mind. God said that He would remember your sins and iniquities no more, so the new laws cannot be the consciousness of sin like the Ten Commandments. The Old Covenant is different from the New Covenant.

Under Grace, the Holy Spirit writes in your heart and mind, producing the desire and ability to do good works that please God, not out of fear of punishment, but as a worshipful response to His love.

The law of Christ can be summarized in the apostle John’s words:

“This is his commandment, that we should believe in the name of his Son, Jesus Christ, and love one another, even as he commanded.” (1 John‬ ‭3:23‬ ‭WEB‬‬)

It is the law of loving God and fellow Christians, as a response to the love that Jesus showed in His life. Nothing about sin. Meditate on the way Jesus loved His disciples and loved the world by dying on the cross, and His love will rise up in you to produce good works of love.

Our hearts must be sprinkled from an evil conscience that is still trying to earn and establish its own righteousness. The conscience in your flesh never got the memo! It still thinks that the sin debt is not paid, and that someone has to pay.

To sprinkle your conscience means to fill your heart with the truth that the blood of Christ is the final payment for sins. We have boldness when we approach God because of the blood of Christ and not because we have paid for the sin debt on our own.

We have something better than the conscience. We have the Holy Spirit inside us and He leads us by the law of Christ. Instead of fear, we are motivated by love. Follow after love!!

Keep studying God’s word and growing in your understanding of His ways. Our Patreon community is currently on a Bible study series called “My Faith Declarations” which looks at the Spirit-inspired utterances of the authors of the Psalms. They wrote about the trials and tribulations they experienced, so the book of Psalms is very relatable.

By turning their faith declarations into our own, we can learn how to overcome similar circumstances in life through faith in the Lord! Become a “God Every Morning” tier or above patron on Patreon to receive this reward, daily devotionals by email, and also all my eBooks. Thanks for being a blessing to this ministry: http://Patreon.com/miltongohblog

之前2016年1月21日跟「口譯哥」拍的影片，重新整理上傳給同學!

接下來我們會有一系列的名人專訪，與各個領域的專家一起探討世界大事!

對新聞英文和批判性思考有興趣的同學也可以參考VT的課程:
🌎 https://bit.ly/2ALIzQ2

需要逐字稿和批判性思考問題的同學請到我臉書留言: https://bit.ly/2YTW9dI

這部影片旨在提供同學一些有效率的學習方式，例如多閱讀、多嘗試講英文。雖然 Vincent 在國外長大，但並不代表我們完全無法參考他的學習方式，也不代表我們一定要按照他的方式來學習。下週我們邀請的來賓也會提供不同的學習觀點，敬請期待。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

趙怡翔(Vincent Chao)臉書: https://www.facebook.com/vincentychao

趙怡翔(Vincent Chao)美國台灣觀測站專訪: https://www.facebook.com/ustaiwanwatch/posts/1418736271643673

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Here are some questions to consider:

1. How did Vincent learn English? What are some methods mentioned in the interview?
Vincent 如何學習英文？訪談中提到哪些方法？

2. Identify at least three reasons why reading is an effective way to learn another language.
請至少找出三個原因來說明閱讀是學習語言的有效方法。

3. What are the differences between Vincent’s learning approaches and your own?
Vincent 與你的學習方式有何差異？

4. Is Vincent’s method of learning the "best" way to learn English for students in Taiwan? Why or why not? 對臺灣的學生來說，Vincent 的方式是學習語言的最佳方法嗎？

5. How can you use SOME of the learning approaches mentioned in the video to help you achieve your English learning goals? Be specific in your response. 你該如何應用影片中所提及的學習方式來達成自己的英語學習目標？作答時請詳述之。

6. With your friends, come up with a new plan for learning English. Write down some steps you can take together. 與你的朋友一起擬定一個學習英語的新計畫。請寫下你們能一起進行的部分。

【プロフィール / profile】：http://pojieblog.com/profile/
【折り紙ブログ / blog】：http://pojieblog.com/
ネコちゃんのジャックオランタンを作ってみました♪

【材料】
●オレンジや山吹色の折り紙　１５cm×１５cmの１/4サイズ
●紫色の折り紙　　　　　　　１５㎝×１５cmの１/16サイズ

【道具】
マジック

【作り方】
①ネコちゃんの顔を折ります。
②顔を書きます。
③帽子を作ります。
④ぼうしとネコちゃんを合体させます。
できあがり♪

猫ちゃんの顔を可愛く書くコツは中心よりやや下のほうに顔を描くことです。
下のほうに顔のパーツを描くことで
可愛らしい顔のニャンコちゃんを簡単に書くことができるんですよ。

普通のカボチャと一味違うネコちゃんかぼちゃをつくれば
周りから注目されるかもしれませんよ。

猫ちゃんを飼っているおうちのハロウィンインテリアとしてお部屋を彩ったり
ペットショップのディスプレイの一つとしてご活用ください。

今年のハロウィンは簡単で一味違ったハロウィン飾りをつくってみてくださいね。

“I wonder if there are any Halloween decorations that are different from people.”
In response to such expectations, I tried to make a cat Jack Orantan ♪

【material】
● Orange or Yamabuki-colored origami, 15cm x 15cm 1/4 size
● Purple origami 15x15cm 1/16 size

【tool】
magic

[How to make]
① Fold the cat's face.
② Write a face.
③ Make a hat.
④ Combine the bow and the cat.
Completion ♪

The trick to write a cute cat's face is to draw a face slightly below the center.
By drawing the facial parts on the bottom
You can easily write Nyanko-chan with her pretty face.

If you make a cat pumpkin that is a little different from ordinary pumpkins
You might get attention from the people around you.

Decorate your room as a Halloween interior for your cat
Please use as one of the displays of the pet shop.

This year's Halloween is easy and you can make a different Halloween decoration.

【プロフィール / profile】：http://pojieblog.com/profile/
【折り紙ブログ / blog】：http://pojieblog.com/
可愛いカボチャの折り方をご紹介します♪

可愛いカボチャに仕上げるポイントは

パステルカラーの折り紙作ること。

さらに可愛く仕上げるコツは顔の描き方です。

中心よりやや下のほうに目や口を書くことで可愛らしい顔になるんですよ。

ねじねじスティックも折り紙でつくります。

最後にリボンや毛糸などでスティックにリボンをつければめっちゃ可愛く仕上がりますよ♪

【材料】
●折り紙　：水色、ピンク、薄い黄　（１５cm×１５cmの１/4サイズ）
　　　　　スティック用の折り紙（お好きな色）　１５cm×１５cmの１/4サイズ

●リボンや毛糸　

【道具】
●マジック　黒
　　　　　ピンク（ほっぺ用】※色鉛筆などでも良いです。

●セロテープ　

【作り方】
①かぼちゃを折ります。
②顔を書きます。
③スティックを作ります。
④顔とスティックをセロテープで合体させます。
⑤リボンを付けます。
　
できあがり♪

お部屋のインテリアにしたり

イベントのプチ景品としてもご活用いただけるかと思います。

ハロウィンのお菓子を配るときにラッピングに添えるのも勧めですよ。

可愛いパステルカボチャを作って楽しいハロウィンをお楽しみください。

"I want to make a cute Halloween pumpkin"
In response to such requests, we will introduce how to fold a cute pumpkin ♪

The point to finish a cute pumpkin is

Making pastel colored origami.

One more trick to finish is how to draw a face.

You can make a cute face by writing your eyes and mouth slightly below the center.

Screw screw sticks are also made of origami.

Finally, if you attach the ribbon to the stick with a ribbon or yarn, it will be pretty ♪

【material】
● Origami: Light blue, pink, light yellow (1/4 size of 15cm x 15cm)
Origami for stick (your favorite color) 15cm x 15cm 1/4 size

● Ribbon and yarn

【tool】
● Magic Black
Pink (for cheeks) * Colored pencils may be used.

● Cello tape

[How to make]
①Fold the pumpkin.
② Write a face.
③ Make a stick.
④ Combine the face and stick with tape.
⑤ Attach the ribbon.
*
Completion ♪

In the interior of your room

I think that it can be used as a petit prize for events.

It is also recommended to add it when wrapping Halloween sweets.

Make a cute pastel pumpkin and enjoy a fun Halloween.