關於 no context中文 ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

【Joshua Wong speaking to the Italian Senate】#意大利國會研討會演說 —— 呼籲世界在大學保衛戰一週年後與香港人站在同一陣線

中文、意大利文演說全文：https://www.patreon.com/posts/44167118

感謝開創未來基金會（Fondazione Farefuturo）邀請，讓我透過視像方式在意大利國會裡舉辦的研討會發言，呼籲世界繼續關注香港，與香港人站在同一陣線。

意大利作為絕無僅有參與一帶一路發展的國家，理應對中共打壓有更全面的理解，如今正值大學保衛戰一週年，以致大搜捕的時刻，當打壓更為嚴峻，香港更需要世界與我們同行。

為了讓各地朋友也能更了解香港狀況，我已在Patreon發佈當天演說的中文、英文和意大利文發言稿，盼望在如此困難的時勢裡，繼續讓世界知道我們未曾心息的反抗意志。

【The Value of Freedom: Burning Questions for Hong Kongers】

Good morning. I have the privilege today to share some of my thoughts and reflections about freedom, after taking part in social activism for eight years in Hong Kong. A movement calling for the withdrawal of the extradition law starting from last year had escalated into a demand for democracy and freedom. This city used to be prestigious for being the world’s most liberal economy, but now the infamous authoritarian government took away our freedom to election, freedom of assembly, freedom of expression and ideas.

Sometimes, we cannot avoid questioning the cause we are fighting for, the value of freedom. Despite a rather bleak prospect, why do we have to continue in this struggle? Why do we have to cherish freedom? What can we do to safeguard freedom at home and stay alert to attacks on freedom? In answering these questions, I hope to walk through three episodes in the previous year.

Turning to 2020, protests are not seen as frequently as they used to be on the media lens, partly because of the pandemic, but more importantly for the authoritarian rule. While the world is busy fighting the pandemic, our government took advantage of the virus to exert a tighter grip over our freedom. Putting the emergency laws in place, public assemblies in Hong Kong were banned. Most recently, a rally to support press freedom organized by journalists was also forbidden. While many people may ask if it is the end of street activism, ahead of us in the fight for freedom is another battleground: the court and the prison.

Freedom Fighters in Courtrooms and in Jail

Part of the huge cost incurred in the fight for freedom and democracy in Hong Kong is the increasing judicial casualties. As of today, more than 10 thousand people have been arrested since the movement broke out, more than a hundred of them are already locked up in prison. Among the 2,300 protestors who are prosecuted, 700 of them may be sentenced up to ten years for rioting charges.

Putting these figures into context, I wish to tell you what life is like, as a youngster in today’s Hong Kong. I was humbled by a lot of younger protestors and students whose exceptional maturity are demonstrated in courtrooms and in prison. What is thought to be normal university life is completely out of the question because very likely the neighbour next door or the roommate who cooked you lunch today will be thrown to jail on the next.

I do prison visits a few times a month to talk to activists who are facing criminal charges or serving sentences for their involvement in the movement. It is not just a routine of my political work, but it becomes my life as an activist. Since the movement, prison visits has also become the daily lives of many families.

But it is always an unpleasant experience passing through the iron gates one after one to enter the visitors’ room, speaking to someone who is deprived of liberty, for a selflessly noble cause. As an activist serving three brief jail terms, I understand that the banality of the four walls is not the most difficult to endure in jail. What is more unbearable is the control of thought and ideas in every single part of our daily routine enforced by the prison system. It will diminish your ability to think critically and the worst of it will persuade you to give up on what you are fighting for, if you have not prepared it well. Three years ago when I wrote on the first page of prison letters, which later turned into a publication called the ‘Unfree Speech’, I was alarmed at the environment of the prison cell. Those letters were written in a state in which freedom was deprived of and in which censorship was obvious. It brings us to question ourselves: other than physical constraints like prison bars, what makes us continue in the fight for freedom and democracy?

Mutual Support to activists behind-the-scene

The support for this movement is undiminished over these 17 months. There are many beautiful parts in the movement that continue to revitalise the ways we contribute to this city, instead of making money on our own in the so-called global financial centre. In particular, it is the fraternity, the mutual assistance among protestors that I cherished the most.

As more protestors are arrested, people offer help and assistance wholeheartedly -- we sit in court hearings even if we don’t know each other, and do frequent prison visits and write letters to protesters in detention. In major festivals and holidays, people gathered outside the prison to chant slogans so that they won’t feel alone and disconnected. This is the most touching part to me for I also experienced life in jail.

The cohesion, the connection and bonding among protestors are the cornerstone to the movement. At the same time, these virtues gave so much empowerment to the mass public who might not be able to fight bravely in the escalating protests. These scenes are not able to be captured by cameras, but I’m sure it is some of the most important parts of Hong Kong’s movement that I hope the world will remember.

I believe this mutual support transcends nationality or territory because the value of freedom does not alter in different places. More recently, Twelve Hongkong activists, all involved in the movement last year, were kidnapped by China’s coastal guard when fleeing to Taiwan for political refugee in late-August. All of them are now detained secretly in China, with the youngest aged only 16. We suspect they are under torture during detention and we call for help on the international level, putting up #SAVE12 campaign on twitter. In fact, how surprising it is to see people all over the world standing with the dozen detained protestors for the same cause. I’m moved by activists in Italy, who barely knew these Hong Kong activists, even took part in a hunger strike last month calling for immediate release of them. This form of interconnectivity keeps us in spirit and to continue our struggle to freedom and democracy.

Understanding Value of freedom in the university battle
A year ago on this day, Hong Kong was embroiled in burning clashes as the police besieged the Polytechnic University. It was a day we will not forget and this wound is still bleeding in the hearts of many Hong Kongers. A journalist stationed in the university at that time once told me that being at the scene could only remind him of the Tiananmen Square Massacre 31 years ago in Beijing. There was basically no exit except going for the dangerous sewage drains.

That day, thousands of people, old or young, flocked to districts close to the university before dawn, trying to rescue protestors trapped inside the campus. The reinforcements faced grave danger too, for police raided every corner of the small streets and alleys, arresting a lot of them. Among the 800+ arrested on a single day, 213 people were charged with rioting. For sure these people know there will be repercussions. It is the conscience driving them to take to the streets regardless of the danger, the conscience that we should stand up to brutality and authoritarianism, and ultimately to fight for freedoms that are guaranteed in our constitution. As my dear friend, Brian Leung once said, ‘’Hong Kong Belongs to Everyone Who Shares Its Pain’’. I believe the value of freedom is exemplified through our compassion to whom we love, so much that we are willing to sacrifice the freedom of our own.

Defending freedom behind the bars

No doubt there is a terrible price to pay in standing up to the Beijing and Hong Kong government. But after serving a few brief jail sentences and facing the continuing threat of harassment, I learnt to cherish the freedom I have for now, and I shall devote every bit what I have to strive for the freedom of those who have been ruthlessly denied.

The three episodes I shared with you today -- the courtroom, visiting prisoners and the battle of university continue to remind me of the fact that the fight for freedom has not ended yet. In the coming months, I will be facing a maximum of 5 years in jail for unauthorized assembly and up to one ridiculous year for wearing a mask in protest. But prison bars would never stop me from activism and thinking critically.

I only wish that during my absence, you can continue to stand with the people of Hong Kong, by following closely to the development, no matter the ill-fated election, the large-scale arrest under National Security Law or the twelve activists in China. To defy the greatest human rights abusers is the essential way to restore democracy of our generation, and the generation following us.

．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
💪小額支持我的獨家分析及文章：https://bit.ly/joshuawonghk
╭────────────────╮
╞🌐https://twitter.com/joshuawongcf
╞📷https://www.instagram.com/joshua1013
╞📧joshua@joshuawongcf.com
╞💬https://t.me/joshuawonghk
╰────────────────╯

Talking to Strangers 如何理解陌生人

美國最大古巴間諜竟是CIA的古巴專家？
希特勒曾差點被提名諾貝爾和平獎？
路邊臨檢竟然可以演變成獄中自殺？
美國體操史上最大醜聞為何隱藏30年？

多本暢銷書作者 Malcom Gladwell又一新作，相信很快會有中文版。他的書一向都很容易閱讀，很引人入勝。我個人覺得他的書最好的一點是讀完後，不管你是否贊成他的觀點，會驅使你繼續思考下去。這一本因為牽涉一些美國文化 （包括警察訓練和大學生飲酒派對），真的不太好寫，他也不太走政治正確的路線，我猜應該不容易有太高的評價但可能引發很多討論。

"We have no choice but to talk to strangers, especially in our modern boarderless world, ....yet at this most necessary of tasks, we are inept. ....what is required of us is restraint and humility, ....there are clues to making sense of a stranger, but attending to them requires care and attention"
(我們沒有選擇必須要跟陌生人接觸，特別是在這個現代化又沒有邊界的世界，但在這個如此重要的事上我們非常不足，我們需要自制用虛心的態度，要能理解陌生人是有一些線索的，但要能夠掌握這些線索必須格外地留意與用心）

不同於書名，這不是教導讀者如何理解陌生人，而是舉出許多因誤判陌生人而引發的問題。大致的問題有四方面：

(1) Default to truth 預設他人無辜
“The opposite of trust is not doubt, but enough doubt" (信任的相反不是懷疑，而是足夠多的懷疑）

這裡舉出美國CIA "古巴女王” 的雙面間諜案，英國首相誤判希特勒，華爾街的龐氏騙局，還有一些體育界權威人士性侵案 （例如國家體操隊的隊醫）。為什麼這些案件都隔了這麼久才被揭發？為什麼中間被害人都無法出面？為什麼不斷有警示卻沒有動作？作者提到許多心理學的研究發現，人們預設的立場是信任，要有足夠多反面的證據才足以推翻信任。中間抉擇的過程，更是因為 “他怎麼可能會？”，讓這樣的情況更難被揭發。作者的論點是說這是人類社群生活所必要的，如果沒有這個信任，人人都可疑，基本上社會很難運作，所以重點是要有這個意識人判斷的有限。

(2) Transparency 對於表裡一致的迷思
作者用六人行影集一段做開場非常有趣，指出在電視電影或甚至特務人員的教育中，總是讓我們從一個人的行為舉止判斷他的意圖，但在現實生活中，高明的騙子通常都會過關，那些表現緊張或是異常的，讓我們覺得表裡不一致的，反而是小罪或是無辜的人。作者舉出法官讓不該被假釋的人出獄，或是冤獄 （如美國大學生Amanda Knox 在義大利的案件）

(3) The Context 不同情境下的不同人格
這裡講到的特別是喝酒到一定量後 （特別是斷片）以及被嚴刑拷打下的犯人，他們講講的話可信嗎？前者提到美國校園性侵案件，雙方不一致的證詞不可考，但斷片中的兩人或許根本不是他們以為的對方。那些被疲勞偵訊的人可能通通都招了，但這些“證詞”真的是真的嗎，還是他想停止受苦想出來的故事呢？

(4) Coupling 關鍵的外在條件
作者用幾個犯罪或自殺時間，發掘到通常有些特定因素才會促使極端行為，例如大都市犯罪超過一半的比例都發生在少數區域，或是歐美歷史中的自殺情況與當時容易取得的自殺工具有密切關係。如果不看見這些因素，只是用更大量的盤查和巡邏，恐怕也只是事倍功半。

書籍的開始用結束，講到的都是 2015年 非裔女子Sandra Bland 在美國被臨檢後，一連串擦槍走火，最後她在獄中自殺的不幸事件，基本上結合了許多前述的狀況。作者希望藉由他的書，讓社會可以反思這個問題，畢竟在現代的社會中，只會有更多陌生人的接觸，要能讓社會信任不瓦解的狀態下知道怎麼互相理解，是社會共同的學習。

所有相關文章鏈結在部落格中 👇👇👇
https://dushuyizhi.net/talking-to-strangers-%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%90%86%e8%a7%a3%e9%99%8c%e7%94%9f%e4%ba%ba/

#TalkingtoStrangers
#MalcomGladwell

Talking to Strangers 如何理解陌生人

美國最大古巴間諜竟是CIA的古巴專家？
希特勒曾差點被提名諾貝爾和平獎？
路邊臨檢竟然可以演變成獄中自殺？
美國體操史上最大醜聞為何隱藏30年？

多本暢銷書作者 Malcom Gladwell又一新作，相信很快會有中文版。他的書一向都很容易閱讀，很引人入勝。我個人覺得他的書最好的一點是讀完後，不管你是否贊成他的觀點，會驅使你繼續思考下去。這一本因為牽涉一些美國文化 （包括警察訓練和大學生飲酒派對），真的不太好寫，他也不太走政治正確的路線，我猜應該不容易有太高的評價但可能引發很多討論。

"We have no choice but to talk to strangers, especially in our modern boarderless world, ....yet at this most necessary of tasks, we are inept. ....what is required of us is restraint and humility, ....there are clues to making sense of a stranger, but attending to them requires care and attention"
(我們沒有選擇必須要跟陌生人接觸，特別是在這個現代化又沒有邊界的世界，但在這個如此重要的事上我們非常不足，我們需要自制用虛心的態度，要能理解陌生人是有一些線索的，但要能夠掌握這些線索必須格外地留意與用心）

不同於書名，這不是教導讀者如何理解陌生人，而是舉出許多因誤判陌生人而引發的問題。大致的問題有四方面：

(1) Default to truth 預設他人無辜
“The opposite of trust is not doubt, but enough doubt" (信任的相反不是懷疑，而是足夠多的懷疑）

這裡舉出美國CIA "古巴女王” 的雙面間諜案，英國首相誤判希特勒，華爾街的龐氏騙局，還有一些體育界權威人士性侵案 （例如國家體操隊的隊醫）。為什麼這些案件都隔了這麼久才被揭發？為什麼中間被害人都無法出面？為什麼不斷有警示卻沒有動作？作者提到許多心理學的研究發現，人們預設的立場是信任，要有足夠多反面的證據才足以推翻信任。中間抉擇的過程，更是因為 “他怎麼可能會？”，讓這樣的情況更難被揭發。作者的論點是說這是人類社群生活所必要的，如果沒有這個信任，人人都可疑，基本上社會很難運作，所以重點是要有這個意識人判斷的有限。

(2) Transparency 對於表裡一致的迷思
作者用六人行影集一段做開場非常有趣，指出在電視電影或甚至特務人員的教育中，總是讓我們從一個人的行為舉止判斷他的意圖，但在現實生活中，高明的騙子通常都會過關，那些表現緊張或是異常的，讓我們覺得表裡不一致的，反而是小罪或是無辜的人。作者舉出法官讓不該被假釋的人出獄，或是冤獄 （如美國大學生Amanda Knox 在義大利的案件）

(3) The Context 不同情境下的不同人格
這裡講到的特別是喝酒到一定量後 （特別是斷片）以及被嚴刑拷打下的犯人，他們講講的話可信嗎？前者提到美國校園性侵案件，雙方不一致的證詞不可考，但斷片中的兩人或許根本不是他們以為的對方。那些被疲勞偵訊的人可能通通都招了，但這些“證詞”真的是真的嗎，還是他想停止受苦想出來的故事呢？

(4) Coupling 關鍵的外在條件
作者用幾個犯罪或自殺時間，發掘到通常有些特定因素才會促使極端行為，例如大都市犯罪超過一半的比例都發生在少數區域，或是歐美歷史中的自殺情況與當時容易取得的自殺工具有密切關係。如果不看見這些因素，只是用更大量的盤查和巡邏，恐怕也只是事倍功半。

書籍的開始用結束，講到的都是 2015年 非裔女子Sandra Bland 在美國被臨檢後，一連串擦槍走火，最後她在獄中自殺的不幸事件，基本上結合了許多前述的狀況。作者希望藉由他的書，讓社會可以反思這個問題，畢竟在現代的社會中，只會有更多陌生人的接觸，要能讓社會信任不瓦解的狀態下知道怎麼互相理解，是社會共同的學習。

所有相關文章鏈結在部落格中 👇👇👇
https://dushuyizhi.net/talking-to-strangers-%e5%a6%82%e4%b…/

#TalkingtoStrangers
#MalcomGladwell

www.savonnez.co is live!

2019年最終睇完22本書，當中只有一本中文書 ⋯⋯ 好多人問過我點樣可以睇書睇快少少，除咗要睇多啲等自己習慣掃讀，仲有啲簡單技巧可以俾自己快速掌握本書嘅context。

Featuring Baob

Book Depository Affiliate Link:
https://bit.ly/2UVGg2Y
By shopping with the affiliate link, you are supporting this channel at no cost on your side.


Instagram: @savonnez

【明報專訊】繼金庸同羅貫中後，蕭叔叔最愛的小說作家就是維多利亞時期的英國人Charles Dickens，中文一般譯為狄更斯。狄更斯最出名的，是他風趣幽默的文筆。別看他的Great Expectations成本字典咁厚，字句咁長就以為好悶，蕭叔叔讀佢時，成日都笑到收唔到聲。可是本文主旨不是Dickens的英式幽默，今天找來的一段文字，背了會有三大功效（哎，蕭叔叔愈來愈像個cheap cheap salesman）：

一、學懂何謂工整的英文。

二、吸收英文的文氣、節奏。

三、學會巧妙運用動詞。

試問又怎能不背？看文章前，當然要了解背景。文章取自Dickens名作Great Expectations，故事講主角窮小孩Pip無意中救了逃犯Magwitch，後來又唔知點解有人畀筆錢佢去倫敦學做紳士。下面一段，是chapter 1裏小Pip碰見逃犯的情景。這段文字，一定要大聲朗讀，否則無意思。要聽蕭叔叔不太完美的聲演，當然要看短片（english.mingpao.com/siu.htm）。

A fearful man, all in coarse grey, with a great iron on his leg. A man with no hat, and with broken shoes, and with an old rag tied round his head. A man who had been soaked in water, and smothered in mud, and lamed by stones, and cut by flints, and stung by nettles, and torn by briars; who limped, and shivered, and glared, and growled; and whose teeth chattered in his head as he seized me by the chin.

如果你覺得深字多，唔緊要，唔使怕，因為每個字都要查。蕭叔叔學英文，分精讀（是用盡所有精力去讀，唔係補習社精讀班的精讀）同hea讀。Hea讀唔使點查字典，get個大意即可。精讀嘛，當然要每個字都查，否則浪費了大好文字，對不住好作家。

蕭叔叔最想大家看的是這句：

A man who'd been

soaked in water,

and smothered in mud,

and lamed by stones,

and cut by flints,

and stung by nettles,

and torn by briars;

此所謂工整。每個item都是一個被動動詞加preposition加名詞，而且每個item都是兩個重音，讀起來節奏鏗鏘，頗像詩詞。中文當然也有類似修辭手法，好像三國演義中曹軍謀臣孔融同荀彧在曹操面前，辯論袁紹是否可怕的敵人，荀彧說：「紹兵多而不整。田豐剛而犯上，許攸貪而不智，審配專而無謀，逢紀果而無用：此數人者，勢不相容，必生內變，顏良、文醜，匹夫之勇，一戰可擒。其餘碌碌等輩，縱有百萬，何足道哉！」其中一系列排比句：

田豐剛而犯上，

許攸貪而不智，

審配專而無謀，

逢紀果而無用。

兩字的人名，然後一個單字形容詞，配上「而」，再來一個意思相對的形容詞。效果同樣是工整非常，讀起來甚有氣勢。

你可能會說：下下咁寫，會唔會好作狀？這是蕭叔叔給所有writing學生的warning：學任何東西，都要留意場合是否適合，context是否需要某些寫法。排比句，當然不能句句用，否則聽起來像sing song，一點本來intended的效用都沒有。要多想whether the background and circumstances of your writing warrant the use of the pounding rhythm and perfect symmetry of the parallel structure.

也講講句子後半部：who limped, and shivered, and glared and growled，都是簡短的一至兩個音節的動詞。留意整段文字的動詞，都很能draw pictures：soaked、smothered、lamed、cut、stung、torn、limped、shivered、glared、growled，全部都非常生動，同學不妨學習這種寫法，善用多變的動詞，文章會生色不少。

作者簡介

蕭愷一，aka蕭叔叔。夢想做男神、現實是大叔的英文教學狂熱分子，law grad，哲學碩士dropout，語言學愛好者，以speak English like an educated native為教與學的終極目標。（facebook.com/siuhoiyat）

文︰蕭愷一

■教學短片

english.mingpao.com/siu.htm Http://www.facebook.com/siuhoiyat