「每日英文閱讀分享#003」
【contempt】
今天的文章在談論-Leadership
一開始就講到這個貫穿全文的字「contempt」
contempt 是一個不可數的名詞,
根據Cambridge字典的解釋為:a strong feeling of disliking and having no respect for someone or something。
也會用在對法庭的藐視:be in contempt of court
常見的用法為:
hold sb/sth in contempt
= feel contempt for someone or something
= show contempt for sth/sb
本文例句:
1. It can come out of nowhere — a contempt attack.
2. Most leaders experience contempt attacks at one time or another, especially during times of crisis, uncertainty, and high stress.
3. Her eyes narrowed, and she leaned toward me with fury and contempt shooting out of every pore of her being.
原文在第一則留言!
ps. 如果你也想跟我一起培養每日閱讀習慣,可以在下面留言用這個單字造個句子,我就會把整篇筆記傳給你喔!
#言之有物
#英語學習
#商業英文
#商用英文
#BusinessEnglish
#Leadership
#每日英文閱讀分享
#一起來建立英文閱讀習慣吧
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contempt字根 在 Sam Tsang 曾思瀚 Facebook 的最讚貼文
A Joint Open Statement by Pastors:
A Declaration for the Sake of the Christian Faith(already signed by hundreds of pastors in China)
—————————————————————————
We are a group of Chinese Christians, chosen by the Most High God to be His humble servants, serving as pastors for Christian churches throughout various towns and cities.
We believe and are obligated to teach the world that the one true and living Triune God is the Creator of the universe, of the world, and of all people. All men should worship God and not any man or thing. We believe and are obligated to teach the world that all men, from national leaders to beggars and prisoners, have sinned. They will die once and then be judged in righteousness. Apart from the grace and redemption of God, all men would eternally perish. We believe and are obligated to teach the world that the crucified and risen Jesus is the only Head of the global church, the sole Savior of all mankind, and the everlasting Ruler and supreme Judge of the universe. To all who repent and believe in Him, God will give eternal life and an eternal Kingdom.
In September, 2017, the State Council issued the new “Regulations on the Administration of Religious Affairs” and began implementing these regulations in February, 2018. Ever since then, Christian churches across China have suffered varying degrees of persecution, contempt, and misunderstanding from government departments during public worship and religious practices, including various administrative measures that attempt to alter and distort the Christian faith. Some of these violent actions are unprecedented since the end of the Cultural Revolution. These include demolishing crosses on church buildings, violently removing expressions of faith like crosses and couplets hanging on Christians’ homes, forcing and threatening churches to join religious organizations controlled by the government, forcing churches to hang the national flag or to sing secular songs praising the State and political parties, banning the children of Christians from entering churches and receiving religious education, and depriving churches and believers of the right to gather freely.
We believe that these unjust actions are an abuse of government power and have led to serious conflicts between political and religious parties in Chinese society. These actions infringe on the human freedoms of religion and conscience and violate the universal rule of law. We are obligated to announce bad news to the authorities and to all of society: God hates all attempts to suppress human souls and all acts of persecution against the Christian church, and he will condemn and judge them with righteous judgment.
But we are even more obligated to proclaim good news to the authorities and to all of society: Jesus, the only begotten Son of God, the Savior and King of mankind, in order to save us sinners was killed, was buried, and rose from the dead by the power of God, destroying the power of sin and death. In His love and compassion God has prepared forgiveness and salvation for all who are willing to believe in Jesus, including Chinese people. At any time, anyone can repent from any sin, turn to Christ, fear God, obtain eternal life, and bring great blessing from God upon his family and country.
For the sake of faith and conscience, for the spiritual benefits of the authorities in China and of society as a whole, and ultimately for the glory, holiness, and righteousness of God, we make the following declaration to the Chinese government and to all of society:
1. Christian churches in China believe unconditionally that the Bible is the Word and Revelation of God. It is the source and final authority of all righteousness, ethics, and salvation. If the will of any political party, the laws of any government, or the commands of any man directly violate the teachings of the Bible, harming men’s souls and opposing the gospel proclaimed by the church, we are obligated to obey God rather than men, and we are obligated to teach all members of the church to do the same.
2. Christian churches in China are eager and determined to walk the path of the cross of Christ and are more than willing to imitate the older generation of saints who suffered and were martyred for their faith. We are willing and obligated under any circumstance to face all government persecution, misunderstanding, and violence with peace, patience, and compassion. For when churches refuse to obey evil laws, it does not stem from any political agenda; it does not stem from resentment or hostility; it stems only from the demands of the gospel and from a love for Chinese society.
3. Christian churches in China are willing to obey authorities in China whom God has appointed and to respect the government's authority to govern society and human conduct. We believe and are obligated to teach all believers in the church that the authority of the government is from God and that as long as the government does not overstep the boundaries of secular power laid out in the Bible and does not interfere with or violate anything related to faith or the soul, Christians are obligated to respect the authorities, to pray fervently for their benefit, and to pray earnestly for Chinese society. For the sake of the gospel, we are willing to suffer all external losses brought about by unfair law enforcement. Out of a love for our fellow citizens, we are willing to give up all of our earthly rights.
4. For this reason, we believe and are obligated to teach all believers that all true churches in China that belong to Christ must hold to the principle of the separation of church and state and must proclaim Christ as the sole head of the church. We declare that in matters of external conduct, churches are willing to accept lawful oversight by civil administration or other government departments as other social organizations do. But under no circumstances will we lead our churches to join a religious organization controlled by the government, to register with the religious administration department, or to accept any kind of affiliation. We also will not accept any “ban” or “fine” imposed on our churches due to our faith. For the sake of the gospel, we are prepared to bear all losses—even the loss of our freedom and our lives.
Signatories of the Joint Statement (116 people total)
First Group (29 people):
Pastor Wang Yi (Chengdu Early Rain Covenant Church)
Pastor Yang Hua (Guiyang Living Stone Church)
Pastor Jin Mingri (Beijing Zion Church)
PastorZhang Xiaofeng, Elder Sun Yi, Elder You Guanghui (Beijing Shouwang Church Governance Committee)
Pastor Huang Xiaoning (Guangzhou Bible Reformer Church)
Pastor Dou Shaowen (Zhengzhou Conerstone Church)
Elder Zhang Chuanlei (Guiyang Renai Reformed Church)
Elder Wen Hongbin (Chengdu Xishuipang Reformed Church)
Minister Yang Xibo (Xiamen Xunsiding Church)
Minister Jiang Jianping (Foshan Olive Tree Church)
Elder Xue Honggen (Chengdu Yudu Zhuen Reformed Church)
Elder Char Changping (Chengdu Shengmingzhiquan Church)
Minister Shi Shangbiao (Zhangzhou Feilizhijia Church)
Pastor Li Tao(Kunming Endian Church)
Pastor Shen Xianfeng (Wuhan Zhongfu Chenxing Church)
Elder Tang Bohu (Shanghai Caihong Reformed Church)
Pastor Cui Quan (Shanghai Wangbang Xuanjiao Church)
Pastor Su Yaorong (Taizhou Tianfu Reformed Church)
Minister Wang Teng (Taizhou Mingdao Reformed Church)
Pastor Wang Changyi (Tiazhou Tiantai Fuyin Church)
Pastor Ji Jianyang (Tiazhou Xianju Mengen Church)
Pastor Guo Chuanyu (ChangchunLinhezhifu Reformed Church)
Pastor Li Lianmin (Shenzhen Shajing Bible Reformed Church)
Pastor Zhuang Zhiyong (Shenzhen Huaqiang Bible Reformed Church)
Pastor Chen Jingtang (Shengzhen Guifangyuan Bible Reformed Church)
Pastor Huang Lei (Wuhan Shangxiatang Church)
Pastor Zhang Yong(ChangchunYangguangzhijia Reformed Church)
Second Group (87 people):
Pastor Gao Lijun (Wenzhou Wangkun Church)
Minister Cai Jingliang (Foshan Fangzhou Church)
Minister Xu Jianwei (Hebei Tangshan Church)
Minister Jiangtian (Chengdu Gospel Church)
Minister An Yankui (Taiyuan Xuncheng Reformed Church)
Elder Haoming (Deyang Qiuyu Qingcaodi Church)
Minister Li Zihu (Chengdu Ziuyu Enyue Church)
Minister Cheng Zhangchun (Chengdu Qiuyu Jianan Church)
Minister Cao Qingen (Chengdu Linxishu Reformed Church)
Minister Wang Tianmin (Shamen New Creation Church)
Elder Wang Zhaorong, Minister Wan Changchun (Bangbu Huoshi Reformed Church)
Pastor Li Jiale (Beijing Daohang Zhijia Church)
Pastor Huang Yizi (Wenzhou Pingyang Fengwo Church)
Pastor Lin Yage (Guiyang Mengen Church)
Pastor Wu Yiqi (Changchun Fuyin Zhiguang Reformed Church)
Minister Gu Hongfei (Beijing Aixuan Church)
Pastor Xu Zhibing (Jiangsu Guanyun Xiansi Duizhong New Church)
Pastor Peng Qiang (Chengdu Enfu Reformed Gospel Church)
Elder Zheng Zhaobei, Minister Ren Lichuan, Minister Jie Shoutuan (Chengdu Xishuipang Reformed Gospel Church)
Elder Jiang Guocheng, Elder Peng Yuan (Renshou Enhui Reformed Gospel Church)
Elder Liu Maolin (Linyi Enyue Reformed Church)
Elder Yan Xiaoxin (Rizhao Enzhao Reformed Church)
Elder Huowei (Linyi Enquan Reformed Church)
Elder Chen Shun (Linyi Enyuan Reformed Mission)
Elder Li Rongtai (Linyi Enlin Reformed Church)
Minister Yang Binchuan (Zaozhuang Zhuentang Church)
Pastor Liu Hongwei (Beijing Ganlanshan Church)
Minister Lin Hesheng (Chengdu Fanglin Church)
Minister Liu Zhiyong (Xi’an Jitaicun Cornerstone Church)
Minister Luo Ruisheng (Guangzhou Sui Guizheng Fuyin Tuanqi Huangshen Jiangdian)
Minister Ye Xinde (Fujian Zhangpu Yilin Zhijia Reformed Church)
Minister Meng Yongguang (Gansu Lanzhou Chenxing Church)
Minister Wang Zisheng (Qingdao Jimiya Church)
Minister Huang Wenyou (Hong Kong Chinese Christian Church)
Minister Chen Huizhen (Zhangzhou Longhai Shima Xincheng Church)
Pastor Liu Yang (Xi’an Xinwang Ai Church)
Minister Sun Chao (Yunnan Qujing Feila Tiefei Church)
Pastor Xu Mei (Xi’an Enquan Church)
Pastor Dong Zhi (Beijing Hemujia Church)
Brother Liang Yongen (Dalian Shien Zhen Church)
Pastor Ju Dawei (Xi’an Halleluiah Church)
Pastor Zhao Yanwei (Zhengzhou Zhongai Church)
Pastor Ren Jinbiao (Hebei Botou Shihong Grace Church)
Pastor Huang Lei (Hunan Yueyang Shipan Shisheng Jingdu Church)
Pastor Sun Hong (Jilin Shengyue Zhendao Church)
Minister Zhu Lehai (Zhangjiajie Hope Christian Church)
Pastor Zhang Qianjin (Beijing, missionary)
Pastor Gao Quanfu (Xi’an Zhiguang Church)
Pastor Guo Zhi (Dongguan Reformed gospel Church)
Minister Chen Shengda (Wenzhou Boteli Church)
Minister Wang Lanqing (Shandong Linyi Tiancheng Shengyue Church)
Pastor Guo Yijun (Beijing Endao Reformed Baptist Church)
Minister Xu Fengchuan (Anhui Fuyang Nanzhao Xingqi Faguang Church)
Minister Huang Wenguang (Shenzhen Jehovah Yile Church)
Minister Li Jianxuan (Shenzhen Thanksgiving Church)
Minister Yin Xuguang (Beijing Shijing Shanshuguang Church)
Pastor Zhou Yunfeng (Xianyang Xin Wang Ai Yangwang Church)
Minister Yang Fuli (Shijiazhuang Hongdao Church)
Teacher Cheng Chaohua (Wenzhou Shenzhou Preaching Team)
Minister Qin Shengjie (Henan Balizhuang Church)
Teacher Wang Weixin (Wenzhou Yufutang Church)
Pastor Weng Xiangkun (Wenzhou Shenzhou Preaching Team)
Pastor Huang hanxin (Wenzhou Shenzhou Preaching Team)
Minister Wang Xiao (Henan Dongguocun Church)
Pastor Zhu Jiahao (Wenzhou Shenzhou Preaching Team)
Minister Xinyi Chuandao (Datong Lirenzao Church)
Minister Zhao Lihui (Datong Lirenzao Church)
Pastor Lin Jinlian (Wenzhou Shenzhou Preaching Team)
Pastor Yan Xiaojie (Wenzhou Shangjiang Church)
Minister Chen Jiafu (Chen Dawei) (Fuzhou Boteli Reformed Church)
Pastor Du Youchang (Jingmen Ganlanshan Church)
Pastor Wang Yongcheng, Elder Feng Guangxiong (Shen Ai Shi Ren Fengshou Church)
Pastor Ruan Dawei (Zhanjiang Gengxin Church)
Minister Guan Xinyuan (Jiangsu Liyang Family Church)
Minister Zhao Ruohan (henan Xihuo Church)
Minister Sun Chanli (Hubei Shiyan Rongguang Biliya Church)
Elder Li Youhong (Chengdu Shengming Zhi Quan Church)
Elder Yan Xixia, Elder Su Bingsen, Elder Li Yingqiang, Elder Tan Defu, Minister Zhang Xudong (Chengdu Early Rain Covenant Church)
All pastors, elders, and ministers of Chinese churches are welcomed to co-sign the joint statement. Please include your church’s abbreviation. Send emails to earlyraincovenantchurch@gmail.com
牧者联署:为基督信仰的声明(第二版,116位牧者)
——————————————————————————
我们是中国的一群基督徒,被至高的上帝拣选,成为祂卑微的仆人,并在各城各乡作基督教会的牧者。
我们相信并有责任教导世人,一位又真又活的三一上帝,是宇宙、世界和地上各族的创造主,人应该敬拜上帝,而不应敬拜任何人和任何事物;相信并有责任教导世人,上自国家领袖,下至乞丐囚徒,人人都犯了罪,人人都有一死,死后且有公义的审判,若没有上帝的恩典和救赎,人人都将永远沉沦;相信并有责任教导世人,那位曾被钉死在十字架上、又复活了的耶稣,是全球教会的唯一元首,是全人类的唯一救主,也是全宇宙永远的统治者和最高的审判者,一切信祂、向祂悔改的人,上帝赐给他们永远的生命和永远的国度。
从2017年9月国务院颁布新的《宗教事务管理条例》以来,到2018年2月该条例执行以后,中国各地的基督教会,在公共敬拜和信仰实践上受到了来自政府部门的程度不一的逼迫、藐视和误解,甚至包括各种企图改造和扭曲基督教信仰的行政措施。其中一些粗暴的举动,是文革结束以来前所未有的。如拆毁教会建筑的十字架,粗暴干涉基督徒家庭悬挂、张贴的十字架和春联等信仰表达,强迫和威胁教会加入官方控制的宗教组织,强迫教会悬挂国旗或歌颂世俗国家、政党,禁止基督徒的未成年子女进入教会和接受信仰教育,剥夺和取缔教会和信徒的自由聚会等。
我们认为这些诉诸公权力的不义之举,使中国社会面临严重的政教冲突。这些行为违背了人类的信仰和良心自由、也有悖于普遍的法治原则。我们有责任告诉掌权者和全社会一个坏消息,那就是对人的灵魂的一切压制和对基督教会的一切迫害,都为上帝所憎恶,并必将受到上帝公义的责备和审判。
我们更有责任向掌权者和全社会传扬一个好消息,那就是上帝的独生儿子、人类的救主和君王耶稣,为了拯救我们罪人而曾被杀,埋葬,并以神的大能从死里复活,胜过了罪恶和死亡的权势。因着爱和怜悯,上帝为包括中国人在内的一切愿意相信耶稣的人都预备了赦免和救恩。在任何时候,任何人,都可以从任何罪恶中向主悔改,归向基督,敬畏上帝,使个人得着永远的生命,使家庭和国家蒙受上帝慷慨的祝福。
为信仰和良心的缘故,也为中国的掌权者和全社会的属灵益处,并最终为着上帝的荣耀、圣洁和公义,我们向中国政府及全社会作出如下声明:
1、在中国的基督教会,无条件地相信《圣经》是上帝的话语和启示,是一切公义、伦理和救恩的来源和最高权威。任何政党的意志、政府的立法和人的命令,若直接违背《圣经》的教导,损害人的灵魂和反对教会所信仰的福音,我们有责任顺从神、而不顺从人,也有责任如此教导教会的全体成员。
2、在中国的基督教会,始终仰慕和决心走基督的十字架道路,也乐意效法那些曾为信仰而受苦、殉道的中国教会的前辈圣徒,在任何情况下,我们都情愿和有责任以和平、忍耐和怜悯之心,承受来自政府和社会一切可能的逼迫、误解和暴力。因为当教会拒绝服从恶法时,不是出于任何政治目的,不是出于怨恨和对抗,乃是单单出于福音的要求,出于对中国社会的爱。
3、在中国的基督教会,愿意顺服上帝在中国设立的掌权者,尊重政府有管理社会和人的行为的权柄。我们相信并有责任教导教会的全体信徒,政府的权柄乃是出于神的,只要政府不越过《圣经》为世俗权力所设定的界限,即不干涉和侵犯一切关乎信仰和灵魂之事,基督徒就有责任尊敬掌权者,并热心为他们的益处祷告,也切切为中国社会祷告。甚至甘愿为福音的缘故,忍受不公平的执法所带来的一切外在损失;出于对同胞的爱而情愿放弃一切原本属于我们肉身上的权利。
4、为此,我们相信并有责任教导信徒,凡在中国属于基督的真教会,必当持守政教分立的原则和基督是教会唯一元首的立场。我们声明,教会愿意在外在行为上,如其他社会团体一样,接受民政或其他政府部门的依法管理;但在任何情况下,不带领教会加入官方控制的宗教组织,不带领教会在宗教管理部门登记,也不接受任何方式的挂靠。我们也不接受因信仰的缘故而对基督教会的“取缔”和“罚款”;并愿意为着福音的缘故,预备承担一切损失乃至失去自由和生命的代价。
牧者联署(共116人)
第一批29人:
王 怡牧师(成都秋雨圣约教会)
仰 华牧师(贵阳活石教会)
金明日牧师(北京锡安教会)
张晓峰牧师、孙毅长老、游冠辉长老(北京守望教会治委会)
黄小宁牧师(广州圣经归正教会)
窦绍文牧师(郑州磐石教会)
张春雷长老(贵阳仁爱归正教会)
温洪斌长老(成都溪水旁归正教会)
杨希伯传道(厦门巡司顶教会)
蒋建平传道(佛山橄榄树教会)
薛红根长老(成都郫都主恩归正教会)
查常平长老(成都生命之泉教会)
施尚标传道(漳州腓利之家教会)
李 涛牧师(昆明恩典教会)
申先锋牧师(武汉中福晨星堂)
唐伯虎长老(上海彩虹家归正教会)
崔 权牧师(上海万邦宣教教会)
苏耀荣牧师(台州天福归正教会)
王 腾传道(台州明道归正教会)
王昌以牧师(台州天台福音教会)
暨建羊长老(台州仙居蒙恩教会)
郭春雨牧师(长春临河之福归正教会)
李怜悯牧师(深圳沙井圣经归正教会)
庄志勇牧师(深圳华强北圣经归正教会)
陈景堂牧师(深圳桂芳园圣经归正教会)
黄 磊牧师(武汉下上堂教会)
张 勇牧师(长春阳光之家归正教会)
第二批(87人):
高丽俊牧师(温州望坤教会)
蔡景良传道(佛山橄榄树教会)
徐建伟传道(河北唐山堂)
姜添 传道(成都福音堂)
安彦魁传道(太原郇城归正教会)
郝 鸣长老(德阳秋雨青草地教会)
李子虎传道(成都秋雨恩约堂)
程章纯传道(成都秋雨迦南堂)
曹庆恩传道(成都邻溪树归正教会)
王天民传道(厦门新造教会)
王兆荣长老、万长春传道(蚌埠活石归正教会)
李迦勒牧师(北京导航之家教会)
黄益梓牧师(温州平阳凤卧教会)
林雅各牧师(贵阳蒙恩教会)
吴轶奇牧师(长春福音之光归正教会)
顾洪飞传道(北京爱宣教会)
徐之兵牧师(江苏灌云县四队中心堂)
彭 强牧师(成都恩福归正福音教会)
郑照北长老、任利传道、界守团传道(成都溪水旁归正福音教会)
江国成长老、彭玉安长老(仁寿恩惠归正福音教会)
刘茂林长老(临沂恩约归正教会)
阎小新长老(日照恩照归正教会 )
霍 伟长老(临沂恩泉归正教会)
陈 舜长老(临沂恩源归正布道所)
李荣泰长老(临沂恩临归正教会)
杨 斌传道(枣庄主恩堂教会)
刘红伟牧师(北京橄榄山教会)
林和生传道(成都芳邻教会)
刘志勇传道(西安祭台村磐石教会)
罗锐生传道(广州穗归正福音团契黄深江点)
叶新德传道(福建漳浦以琳之家归正教会)
孟永光传道(甘肃兰州晨星教会)
王梓晟传道(青岛积米崖教会)
黄文祐传道(香港中华基督教会)
陈惠珍传道(漳州龙海石码新城教会)
刘 洋牧师(西安信望爱教会)
孙 超传道(云南曲靖非拉铁非教会)
徐 梅牧师(西安恩泉教会)
董 志牧师(北京和睦佳教会)
梁永恩弟兄(大连市恩真教会)
巨大卫牧师(西安哈利路亚教会)
赵燕伟牧师(郑州钟爱教会)
任金彪牧师(河北泊头市宏恩堂)
黄 磊牧师(湖南岳阳市磐石圣经基督教会)
孙宏广牧师(吉林圣约真道教会)
朱乐海传道(张家界盼望基督教会)
张前进牧师(北京,宣教士)
高全福牧师(西安锡安之光教会)
郭 志牧师(东莞归正福音教会)
陈胜达传道(温州伯特利教会)
王兰青传道(山东临沂天城圣约教会)
郭易君牧师(北京恩道归正浸信会)
徐 峰传道(安徽阜阳男照兴起发光教会)
黄文广传道(深圳耶和华以勒教会)
李拣选传道(深圳感恩教会)
尹旭光传道(北京石景山曙光教会)
周云峰牧师(咸阳信望爱仰望教会)
杨赋立传道(石家庄弘道教会)
程超华教师(温州 神州布道团)
秦胜杰传道(河南八里庄教会)
王伟信教师(温州渔夫堂教会)
翁祥昆牧师(温州 神州布道团)
黄汉新牧师(温州 神州布道团)
王 枭传道(河南东郭村教会)
朱家好牧师(温州 神州布道团)
辛 义传道(大同利仁皂教会)
赵丽辉传道(大同利仁皂教会)
林金减牧师(温州 神州布道团)
严晓洁牧师(温州上江教会)
陈家福(陈大卫)传道(福州伯特利归正教会)
杜友长牧师(荆门橄榄山教会)
汪永诚牧师、冯光雄长老(神爱世人丰收教会)
阮大卫牧师(湛江更新教会)
管新元传道(江苏溧阳家庭教会)
赵若翰传道(河南喜获教会)
孙产力传道(湖北十堰荣光庇哩亚教会)
李友洪长老(成都生命之泉教会)
严熙夏长老、苏炳森长老、李英强长老、覃德富长老、张旭东传道(成都秋雨圣约教会)
中国教会的牧师、长老或传道联署,请附所在教会的简称,致函:earlyraincovenantchurch@gmail.com
contempt字根 在 姚松炎 Edward Yiu Facebook 的最佳貼文
#香港應該如何改革司法制度?
https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=10155412752327827&id=734277826
【關於朝雲案中的「抗爭者」之辯】
見到有人話係「政治逼害」,但同時又有人話係「敢做唔敢認」,Er,點樣樣呢。簡單補充我自旁聽案件所知的一些細節,供大家參考再判斷。有點複雜,我知自己1999,我盡量有條理地講。
首先我們知道朝雲不是一個記者、也不是一個公民記者(至少在這一單案裏,沒有採用這樣的辯護立場) ─ 而在旺角暴動案件中,是有自稱「公民記者」身份的被告成功脫罪的。
因為朝雲沒有採取「公民記者」的辯護,在這件案中,他不認罪的理由是:民事的「藐視法庭」與刑事藐視法庭在法律上有分別,而違反禁制令只屬前者,其行為的嚴重程度不足以構成刑事藐視法庭;案發當日蕭僅是有自制地履行拍照職責,沒有參與示威及任何與「紀實攝影師」(documentary photographer)不符的行為,不構成妨礙執行禁制令,不構成刑視藐視法庭。
(BTW, 控方話朝雲被捕有掙扎,單一證據是一名警員的供詞,但雖然該警員繪形繪聲話朝雲被捕前又捹又撥咁掙扎,但啲片就影到佢根本冇份拉朝雲,而朝雲被差佬一嘢扯落地、拖行同抬起期間,一直雙手舉住部相機……法官老爺們成日都話差佬口供好可信架 <3 )
但裁定「刑事藐視法庭」此罪的罪成與否,毋須考慮被告的動機 ── 也就是說,在執達吏執行禁制令之時,不論你是基於甚麼原因,只要你實際上是不顧執達吏呼籲長時間留在原地,你就是阻礙執達吏清場、就是違反法庭頒佈的禁制令,就是犯法。(*判辭原文見註)
我這樣演繹:不論你是去抗議、去影相、路過畀人塞住走唔到都好,只要聽到陳曼琪叫你走而你冇走,就是刑事藐視法庭。「聽到陳曼琪叫你走但你冇走」這件事是一個事實,根本就無可抗辯;唯一可能的抗辯是,你不是故意留在那裏,或你聽不到陳曼琪的警告。
(辯方指民事與刑事藐視法庭有別、蕭的行為嚴重性不構成刑藐、執達吏權限僅為清除「障礙物」等,陳官一概不同意。)
但其實,否認自己干犯「刑事藐視法庭」有很多正當的理由。譬如你認為當初高院接納潮聯的申請頒出禁制令,本身就是不義;譬如你認為律政司不敢告人非法集結,梗係要借「刑事藐視法庭」的刀,塑造示威者與法庭的假對立;譬如你當日的確係唔撚想聽陳曼琪話離開現場,但你內心從來沒有一秒鐘不尊重過法庭;譬如你覺得這份「禁制令」本身就是要去抗議、去反對的東西……下刪三百個正當理由。
但在「刑事藐視法庭」控罪下,這一切都沒有關係,因此也不構成不認罪的理由;這件案要爭拗的,是被告有沒有阻礙執達吏執行法庭頒布的禁制令,而不是禁制令本身的正當性或陳曼琪的正當性。而旁聽過庭審的都知道,只要一講與「案情」或「本案」無關的事,哪怕只是一個字,法官都會九秒九秒勒令你收嗲(余若海除外,好似係)。
我不知道朝雲究竟為甚麼不願意認罪(這一點等他自己說吧),但在此案中唯一的不會被法官打斷並視為「與本案無關」的可能理由,好像就是你不是故意留在那裏,其他講咩都冇用。
這樣的重點錯置何其可怖。難道當日在場的人,連「我沒有藐視法庭但我不會走」這點自由都沒有嗎?沒有,法庭會直接判你藐視法庭。
法庭劇看太多,公民黨的口號聽過太多遍,我們總想像法庭是伸張公義之地,幻想義人即使難逃牢獄,仍然可以在庭上磊落朗朗地陳詞,述說心中所相信的公義;但我懷疑,這是只有戴耀廷教授那種級數的法律人,才有 privilege 做得到的事。
其實朝雲真心不是這單案裏最慘的人。案件的另一被告是一位十幾歲起一直在街頭露宿(你沒看錯,是「一直」),小學都未讀完,嘢都聽唔清楚的阿伯。他說自己作為露宿者,佔旺時一直睡在匯豐對出;案發當日,亞皆老街人頭湧湧,警察又封晒路,佢想返自己個竇但啲人逼住晒佢行唔到返去,然後就畀差佬拉咗。
而控方拿出的影像證據是,他曾經長時間企在警察的防線前食包,他曾經幫手搬走(係搬走!)卡板,以及,他曾經有幾十分鐘,一直扶著一支「我要真普選」的大旗。
究竟這位露宿阿伯是不是真的只是想返自己個竇瞓覺,還是在示威抗議刻意違反禁制令,我唔識判斷,我諗控方與法官其實也唔care。我只記得,當日控方律師與陳慶偉法官青天大老爺,在高院莊嚴的法庭之內,用戲謔的口吻盤一個穿著露宿用殘破大褸的弱聽老人;阿伯的代表律師嘗試向阿伯釐清案情,阿伯話自己聽唔清楚,陳官立即打斷律師,笑著訓斥「你使乜問佢同唔同意唧?你幫佢講咪得囉」。
我簡直不敢相信自己的眼睛和耳朵。原來法官可以因為被告講嘢慢少少,就唔畀被告講嘢。原來法治就是用公我贏字你輸的艱澀言詞去欺凌弱勢,連律師想幫都唔撚畀。
我覺得,只要旁聽過佔領/旺角相關的庭審一次,哪怕只是一次,你都很難再相信法治、相信法律不是壓迫, or worse, 玩笑。法庭不要聽你的信念,它只在乎你識唔識得玩貴族式的文字遊戲來甩身,而大部份時候,它其實會直接唔畀你講嘢 / 令你講唔到嘢。
回到朝雲的 Case: 我們對惡法的想像也許很直觀,既是惡法,那就直面之,憑良心抗辯 —— 而原來這根本就是不可能的。在一場不問因由,只問「你有冇聽陳曼琪話離場」這點客觀事情的審判中,認罪的人不會被給予說話的機會(除了向法官求情),不認罪的人,也無法在抗辯中,直述自己為甚麼抗命。
* * *
其實「記錄者」這條line未必是冇得打,但這條line放在朝雲身上,就幾乎完全冇撚得打。
控方其中一項最有力的證據,是朝雲在11月25日在亞皆老街被捕關入臭格,兩日後獲釋的一段FACEBOOK 發言,當中一句:「對不起,我總是判斷錯誤:要麼力免被捕,盡記錄者的責任拍到最後;既已被捕,就應該盡抗爭者的責任坐到最後……」
以及同一個POST的留言:「我不是記者,是一個負責影相的抗爭者.我從來都是這樣向警察說的.當日被捕前,我亦先向他們清楚交代身份.我一直婉拒各媒體贈記者證,就是避免以記者的身份保身。」
控方與法庭的意思就是,你說自己在場只是記錄,那你怎麼解釋這段文字,怎麼解釋這個以「抗爭者」自居的自己?
究竟「一個負責影相的抗爭者」這句朝雲自己寫的statement可以點兜?
朝雲沒有作供(結巴、1999、講唔到完整句子、一嬲起上嚟就鳩駁、每三句推翻自己一次的口才,怎麼會有人敢放佢出去作供,三秒就畀控方隊死),辯方傳召過一個證人,就是Jimmy Lam ── 他特登翻箱倒櫃找到了四年前11月25日穿過的Tee同帽,即使其實件衫已經唔太著得落。這是一種在法庭上其實沒有意義的表態:我就是差佬啲證據片入面拍到的那個人,跟朝雲一樣拿著相機的人。
Jimmy 的供詞大意是:很多攝影師都會到現場紀錄公民運動,這是攝影師作為攝影師的抗爭方式;抗爭不一定是去衝擊、去抗議,電影、音樂都可以是抗爭 ── 而以真實的記錄抗衡主流傳媒記述的扭曲,就是攝影師的抗爭。
辯方陳詞則花了好些篇幅討論「紀錄者」同「記者」有咩異同,「抗爭者」應該譯做defender定activist定protester定demonstrator又講咗一大輪:透過照片去揭示佔領實際情況來對抗不公義,也是抗爭者的一種,不等於有參與示威行為(藍註:not that I agree with this, just quoting)。
對此,陳官完全不信納,判辭基本上在說,朝雲 fb comment裏那句「要麼力免被捕,盡記錄者的責任拍到最後;既已被捕,就應該盡抗爭者的責任坐到最後」,這樣的立場也太容易吹了吧(an assertion too convenient to make)。
庭上,當潘大狀就「抗爭」一詞陳述時,陳官打斷了他,以一種饒有興味食硬你的笑容說,仲有咩好講?你當事人都唔出嚟作供,要人哋(望了望Jimmy)幫佢講啊!
我心諗,你覺得自視既為紀錄者亦為抗爭者是一句借口?這樣叫做推Jimmy出來頂?seriously? how pathetic. 那一長串「究竟朝雲係咪公民記者」的永續辯論,佢哋兩個之間的肝膽相照,你怎麼可能懂。然而我又理解:除了本身認識朝雲的人,這些講法真的很難講得通。
大概在陳慶偉的視角,這是一個沒有任何邏輯漏洞的合理判斷。那些說「敢做唔敢認」的指控,我也明白。
在法律的遊戲面前,我們認識的朝雲/蕭雲/蕭雲龍是一個甚麼樣的人,一個多麼有integrity的人,根本無關宏旨;信念、勇氣、品格、尊嚴、所為、一切一切,在「刑事藐視法庭」這條罪面前,「朝雲」與任何人都沒有分別,因為動機根本毫不重要。
我並沒有為定罪而惱怒,經過1126佔旺案,我們都知道那是必然;但我無法接受,因為法律框限,一個抗爭者無法直陳自己的信念(官:「收嗲啦,與本案無關啊」)。
這樣對一個個體存在的消解,簡直違反人性,卻是以我們所奉仰的「法治」之名。
打了這麼多千字,到頭來還是發現除了鳩叫「撐朝雲」,我根本沒有任何有理有節的話可說。法律是如此無可辯駁,一思考就陷入無可逃脫的絕對的無論點都係佢贏的政治正確陷阱 ── 去脈絡的一句「撐朝雲」,何嘗不是因為無法抗衡這份絕望的一種失語?
庭審完結之後我去謝謝潘大狀,我說,辯方的打法真聰明;不是耍小聰明的聰明,而是在一個nearly impossible 的情況下,仍能derive出一套理直氣壯的argument,真不容易。
潘大狀好像不明白我在說甚麼,這樣的辯法於他似乎只是理所當然。箇中意味,大家自行體會。
* * *
也許很多人都已經不記得控方如獲至寶的那篇文章,但我一直記得,因為文中朝雲記述:被關在長沙灣臭格裏的佔旺抗爭者們,跨格大合唱 Do you hear the people sing,我心諗,屌,有冇咁撚浮誇。當年的《破折號》用那篇文做了金句圖,圖是劉仁顯做的,圖上的金句是我揀的(我一直很擅長這種煽情的勾當),有成800幾個SHARE,無數人share caption話自己睇完爆喊。
因為其實,2014年末那幾個月,我們全部人都真係咁撚浮誇。四年了,如果「爆喊」過的人都還記得當日自己看著這篇「關鍵罪證」為何會爆喊,都還關心那個寫字人的命運,你說該有多好。
其實陳慶偉未審完就有判決,佢喺庭上寸辯方寸得咁得意洋洋,一早落晒判斷。六月的庭審,幾千字判詞都要拖撚足兩個月,拖撚到我學都開埋都未判刑,法官是咪攞正牌逗糧hea做的?如此慵懶,如此傲慢。我永遠記得佢恥笑潘大狀「你個當事人都唔自己作供,要人哋幫佢講啊!」嗰個樣。
而我只想問一句,在一個沒有任何可能憑真實信念、只能憑法律技巧取勝的制度之下,請問高高在上的尊貴官老爺陳慶偉,有甚麼資格去judge朝雲這個人?
* * *
註:判辭相關段落
陳官判詞第19段援引上訴庭對黃浩銘1126佔旺案的判決:...for such a criminal contempt, it was sufficient to prove as mens reas that the party intended to do the acts which constituted the actus reus of the contempt; no specific intent to interfere with the administration of justice was required.
第27段援引高院法院周家明on 1126佔旺案:the presence of individual protestor also lent support to other fellow protestors and as is common in mass protests, fellow protestors banded together to fight for their beliefs. The presence of Mr Siew with a large crowd in clear defiance of the Injunction Order made the job of the Plaintiff’s agents, the bailiffs and the police officers in clearing all the barricades and obstructions substantially more difficult.
第28段:After the police’s warning, Mr Siew’s continued presence in the Area was a clear intention of him flouting the Injunction Order. His presence was not only inherently likely to, but factually calculated to, delay if not to frustrate, the bailiffs and the Plaintiff’s agents’ efforts. In my view, his conducts amounted to a serious interference with the due administration of justice. Having considered all the circumstances, I am satisfied beyond doubt that Mr Siew is guilty of criminal contempt.
contempt字根 在 WORD UP 單字救星- 高手必學!超容易眼花的混淆字系列 ... 的美食出口停車場
‣字根字首補充錠:輕視;藐視---contempt+形容詞--- ous → 瞧不起的,藐視的--- Contemptuous。 Contemptible ‣作為形容詞使用為『 ( ... ... <看更多>
contempt字根 在 Re: [單字] 以下這些單字如何解字首字根?? - 看板Eng-Class 的美食出口停車場
Re: [單字] 以下這些單字如何解字首字根?? ... expression of aversion or contempt, or Old Irish battle cry abu, from buide "victory. ... <看更多>
contempt字根 在 [資訊] 字根囧整理- 看板Eng-Class 的美食出口停車場
由於英文單字的組合有不少易混淆的字首尾組合,故將其略為整理成單字集彙編;本
來是打算另外寫一隻程式專門用來做這樣的統整,不過後來想一想應該是沒那個必要,就
直接單發一篇英文筆記吧。
其實字首大部份都不出那幾種:a, sub, sus, ob, re, dis, de, in, un, con,
com, pro, pre, pur, ex......雖然列一列還是相當多,不過各種字首其實都有它們特定
的一些語意在,這部份可能就要再去查相關資料了。下方我就整理一些字根的組合:
(使用PCMan可以直接右鍵→下載正在閱讀的文章)
(也有放在網頁上 https://ppt.cc/yBgc,請自取)
*-tain
obtain - vt.獲得; vi.通用,存在
attain - vt.獲得; 到達;vi.(+to)達到; n.成就
sustain - 支持
maintain - 維持
contain - 包含
distain - 弄髒,傷害名譽
retain - 保留
*-tend
tend - vi.走向,趨向,有助於(+to); vt.照管,照料
intend - vt.想,打算,設計,存心; vi.意欲,打算
extend - 延伸,擴大,突出
distend - (使)擴張,(使)膨脹
attend - vt.出席,參加,陪伴,服侍; vi.專心,出席,辦理
protend - (使)伸出,(使)延伸
portend - 預兆,預示
pretend - vt.假裝,試圖; vi.覬覦,假作,追求; a.假裝的,仿製的
contend - vt.主張,堅信; vi.抗爭,奮鬥,競爭
subtend - 包括,包含
*-tent
tent - 帳篷,帳棚,住處,寓所
intent - a.集中,專心,堅決的; n.目的,意圖
extent - 廣博,範圍,程度
detent - (機械)爪,棘爪
distent - 擴張的,膨脹的
content - n.面積,內容,容積; a.滿足的,可接受的
portent - 凶兆,怪事,怪人
*-tention
intention 意圖,目的,意思
detention 監禁,延遲,阻止
distention 擴張,膨脹(作用)=distension
retention 保留,記憶力,停滯
attention 用心,注意力,照料
contention 爭論,競爭,論點
sustention 支持,持續,維持
*-scribe
describe - 描述,形容
prescribe - vt.限制,為~開藥;vi.開處方,規定
proscribe - 禁止,放逐; 剝奪~公權
conscribe - 徵召入伍
subscribe - vt.捐助,簽署; vi.認購,訂閱,同意
ascribe - 把~歸因於
*-cline
incline - vi.傾斜/向,接近,俯身; vt.傾斜,俯身,使傾向; n.斜面,斜坡
decline - 拒絕,傾斜
*-press
press - vt.按,壓,逼; vi.前擠,緊迫; n.按壓,報章媒體
impress - n.特徵,記號; vt.蓋印,使感動,徵召; 留下深刻印象
depress - 使沮喪/挫折/跌價
express - vt.表示; a.特別的,快速的; adv.特地地; n.快遞
compress - vt.壓縮,鎮壓,壓搾; n.繃帶,壓棉機
repress - vt.鎮壓,阻止,抑制
*-tect
detect - vt.發現,查出,探知
protect - vi.起保護作用; vt.保護,警戒
obtect - a.[昆蟲]有角質外殼的
*-pose
pose - n.樣子,姿勢; vt.提出; vi.擺姿勢,假裝,冒充
expose - 揭露
propose - 建議,求婚
depose - 免職,作證,放置
appose - 並列,添加
repose - v.放置; n.休息,寧靜
compose - 組成,創作
dispose - vt.佈置,使用,使傾向; vi.決定、處置
purpose - 目的,意圖
*-stinct
extinct - a.滅種的,已廢除的
instinct - a.充滿的; n.本能,才能,直覺,天性
distinct - a.不同,清楚,明顯,區別,值得注意的
*-struct
construct - 建造,建設
destruct - 破壞
instruct - 教導,訓令,指令
*-structure
structure - 結構,建築,構造
restructure - 更改結構,重建,調整,重組
substructure - 基礎,地下建築
*-crease
crease - n.縐痕; v.起縐,弄縐
increase - 增加,繁殖、傳播
decrease - 減少,縮短
*-sist
persist - 堅持,持續,存留,追問
insist - 堅持,極力要求,強調
resist - vt.抵抗,忍住,不受影響; vi.反抗; n.保護表面的物質
consist - 組成,存在,符合,在於
assist - vt.幫助,促進,助理; vi.幫助,參加,列席;n.援助
desist - vi.停止,斷念(from)
exist - vi.存在,生存,活著,有,持續,發生
subsist - vi.存在,生存,維生,居住,位於; vt.供糧,給養,維持
*-stitute
institute - n.協會,研究所,專校; vt.設置,制定,開始
substitute - n.代替者、代用品; vt.用~代替(+from)
destitute - 替代(+for/as)
prostitute - n.娼妓,金錢的奴隸; vt.使賣淫,濫用能力
constitute - vt.構成,組成,指定,設立(機構),任命,制定(法律)
restitute - 恢復、償還
*-titude
exactitude 精密,正確
attitude 態度,事件,看法,姿勢
fortitude 堅忍,剛毅
muititude 大眾
*-spect
respect - 尊重,問候,重視
inspect - 檢查,檢閱,視察
prospect - n.景色,希望,前途,期許; v.勘探,尋找
suspect - v.懷疑,認為,覺得; n.嫌疑犯; a.被懷疑,不可信的
expect - vt.期望,料想,堅持,要求; vi.期待,預期,懷孕
aspect - 方面,觀點
conspectus - 大綱,概略,概觀
*-sult
consult - 參考,磋商,諮詢
insult - 冒犯,侮辱
result - 發生,產生,結果,導致,戰績
exult - 狂歡,雀躍
*-form
form - n.形狀,外形,表格; vt.形成,成立,組織,編排成; vi.產生,形成
inform - 通知,報告,告發,告密
deform - 使不成形,使醜陋
reform - vt.改革,改造,革除,重新製作/編排; vi.改正、重新成形
preform - 預先形成
perform - 實行,完成,扮演
conform - vi.遵守,適應,符合; vt.使遵照/符合/一致
transform - 使變形
*-quire
quire - 一刀一折
acquire - 取得,獲得
require - 需要,請求,強迫
*-pare
pare - 削皮,剪,修(指甲),消減,縮減
compare - vt.比較,比喻; vi.匹敵,相比,競爭; n.比較
prepare - vt.預備,籌劃; vi.作準備
*-pair
pair - n.一對,一雙; vi.成對,配對,結婚; vt.使成對
impair - 損害,削減
repair - vt.修理; vi.赴,往,修理,賠償; n.(pl.)修理(狀態),旅行
despair - vi.絕望,喪失信心; n.絕望,使人絕望之事
:謝謝網友keroroo提供!
*-sume
consume - vt.耗盡,用盡,浪費; vi.被花費
assume - 假定,承擔,採用
resume - vt.繼續,取回,重新; vi.重新; n.摘要,概略,提要,履歷
presume - vt.推測假定利用; vi.濫用,佔便宜
subsume - vi.包括,把~列入
*-strict
strict - a.嚴格的,嚴謹的,周密的,詳細的;完全的,絕對的
restrict - 限制,約束,禁止
constrict - 收縮,抑制,限制
*-port
port - 港口,舷窗口,姿勢
import - n.進口貨,意義,重要; vt.輸入,暗示,含~之意; vi.佔重要地位
export - n.輸出,出口(貨); vt.輸出,外銷 vi.出口
report - n.報告、報道; vt.通知,宣告,寫採訪稿; vi.做報告,採訪
support - vt.支持,忍耐,贍養,幫助,鼓勵,資助,擁護,支撐; n.支持者,維持,支柱
deport - vt.驅逐出境,舉止,放逐,持身; n.放逐,移送
disport - 玩耍,嬉戲
apport - n.物體顯形,幻象
*-spire
inspire - 鼓舞,引起,吸氣
respire - 呼吸,休息
conspire - 協力,同謀,密謀(+with/against)
suspire - 歎息,長嘆,呼吸
aspire - 熱望,嚮往,懷有大志
expire - 滿期,(期限)終止,呼氣,死亡
perspire - 發汗
*-tempt
tempt - vt.引誘,吸引,打動;冒...險
attempt - vt.試圖; n.企圖,嘗試(+on/at),攻擊(+on)
contempt - n.輕視,蔑視;藐視(法庭);恥辱,丟臉
:謝謝網友keroroo指正!
*-mand
remand - vt.送還; n.送回,(案件)發回
command - 命令,俯視,克制
demand - v.要求,需要,查問; n.要求,需要,查問
*-mand
remain - vi.保持,仍是,剩下,繼續,忍耐
amain - adv.全力地,非常地
*-sign
sign - n.記號,標誌,暗號,徵兆; vt.簽名,簽約,預示; vi.簽字,署名,做手勢
design - n.設計,構想,計畫,目的; vt.設計,計畫,意圖; vi.設計,籌劃
resign - v.辭職,引退,捨棄,順從,委託
consign - vt.傳遞,委託,指定,寄,分配,交付; vi.順從,同意
assign - v.分配,給予,佈置,指定,把~歸因於
*-mise(1)
promise - n.諾言,希望,約定; vt.答應,給予~希望; vi.約定,有前途
premise - n.假定,假設
*-mise(2)
premise - vt.預先提出,先提到; vi.提出前題,預述
demise - n.死亡,消滅,停止活動
remise - vt.讓渡,立契出讓; n.再刺,讓渡,馬車房
*-miss
miss - vi.未擊中; vt.未擊中,逃過,錯過,遺漏;想念; n.未中;小姐
amiss - a.錯的,不當的,故障的; adv.錯誤不當地,有缺陷
dismiss - vt.打發走,解散,開除
remiss - a.不小心,不負責的,怠慢的
premiss - n.[邏輯]前提
submiss - a.服從的,柔順的,語調溫柔的
*-hibit
prohibit - 防礙,阻止
exhibit - 展示,展示品
inhibit - 禁止,約束,抑制
*-ordinary
ordinary - 普通、一般
extraordinary - 異常
*-volution
volution - n.旋渦,旋轉
evolution - 發展,演變,進化
revolution - 革命,繞轉,劇變
convolution - 旋/纏繞,渦流,捲
devolution - 移交,轉讓,退化,衰落
involution - 複雜,捲入,纏繞,使混亂
*-gress
progress - n.前進,進步,發展; vi.前進,進步
congress - n.會議,協會,交往,立法機關,聚會,眾,(大寫)美國國會
aggress - vi.侵略
ingress - 進入,入口,月蝕
digress - 離開本題,脫軌
degression - n.漸減,下降
*-pulsion
impulsion - n.刺激,鼓舞,衝動
expulsion - n.排除,驅逐,開除
compulsion - n.強制,義務
propulsion - n.促進,動機,刺激
repulsion - n.斥力,反感,厭惡
*-cast
cast - v.投,脫落,選角,澆鑄,制定,編排; n.投,鑄型,演員陣容,外貌,氣質
outcast - a.被逐出,無家可歸; n.流浪人
precast - 預鑄(建材)
broadcast - v.廣播,傳佈; a.廣播的,散佈的; n.廣播,散佈; adv.經廣播,廣泛地
forecast - 預測,預報,事先計劃
*-ploy
ploy - 活動,玩樂,手法,(口語)工作
employ - 雇用、使用、利用
deploy - 展開、佈署
*-ply
apply - 應用
comply - 服從,遵守
*-ject
subject n.主題,科目,國民,原因,話題,源由; vt.使服從
object n.事物,對象,目的; v.反對,抗議,討厭
project vt.計劃,投擲,發射; vi.伸出,突出; n.計畫,事業
reject vt.拒絕,否認,駁回,除去,嘔吐; n.被拒之人/物,不合格者
deject vt.使氣餒,沮喪
resubject 使再征服
conjecture v.推測; n.臆測
*-mit
permit - 許可,承認,使可能
admit - 讓進入,承認,自白,有~餘地
demit - 辭去、退職
commit - 犯(罪或過失),提交,委任,監禁
submit - vt.服從,交託給,主張,建議(that+s+v); vi.讓予,委身,屈服
remit - vt.赦免,寬恕,免除,恢復,減輕(刑罰),緩和(痛苦); vi.減退,停止
transmit - 傳送,遺傳
*-fine
fine - a.好的,天氣晴朗; adv.很好地; vt.使純;澄清;使精細; n.好天氣
confine - 限制
define - 定義
affine - (數學用語)
*-play
play - 遊戲,比賽,行動,表演,演奏,愚弄,戲劇
display - 陳列、展出、顯示
replay - 重播、重新進行
*-ceive
conceive - 想像,設想,構想,抱有(想法,感情),認為(+as)
receive - 接收,受到,接待
deceive - 欺騙,蒙蔽,哄騙(某人)做(+into),欺詐
perceive - 察覺,意識到,理解(+that)
以上,這些是目前亂查整理出來的,希望能對各位英文單字學習有微薄幫助
若有新的歡迎站內信給我
我直接修改文章並註明感謝網友XXX提供。
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