<脫口秀小訣竅中英翻譯-靈感篇>
文長注意!
之前小歐在脫口秀社團po了外國佛心大神脫口秀演員Gary Gulman，在twitter上連載的366個脫口秀小訣竅。
小妹就認領了靈感篇來翻譯。以下為22個小訣竅的中英文對照，若有翻的不盡理想的地方，請留言詳述，我會再看怎麼修改。原文和網誌版會放在留言處，方便大家查看。
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Ideas
靈感
Tip No. 41: You know those quirky little things you do and think? Collect them in a file or on paper. Even if you’re a storyteller, you can use these as details to add depth and distinction to your jokes.
你了解自己做或想的古怪小事嗎? 把他們記錄在紙上或檔案夾裡。即使你是講故事的人，也可以將這些內容作為細節，以增加笑話的深度和特色。
GARY'S FAVORITES
Gary(原作者)的最愛
Tip No. 45: Don’t Hoard Jokes
Don’t worry about “burning” material on a special or album. Hoarding jokes may signal to your brain that you’re out of ideas. “You can’t use up creativity. The more you use, the more you have.” — Maya Angelou.
不要囤積笑話。不要怕在演出或專場用光自己累積的材料。囤積笑話會對你的大腦發出信號，暗示你已經沒有想法。如同Maya Angelou所說:”你無法耗盡創意。 你使用的越多，你擁有的就越多。”
Gary’s thoughts on Tip No. 45: This attitude has been crucial to an unprecedented streak of creativity over the last two years. I’ve written four hours of material, which is almost as much as I wrote in my first 23 years of comedy. Most important has been my health, this idea may be second.
Gary對此建議的想法: 在過去兩年中，這種態度對我的前所未有的創造力，有著至關重要的影響。我已經寫了四個小時的素材，這幾乎與我前23年的喜劇寫作一樣多。最重要的是我的健康，這個想法則排名第二位。
Tip No. 62: Look for inspiration everywhere. Paintings, music, poetry, rap, novels, nonfiction, short stories, theater, philosophy, etc. can all provide a spark for creativity. Cross-pollinate your work with broad influences and watch your creativity grow.
在各處尋找靈感。繪畫、音樂、詩歌、饒舌、小說、非小說、短篇故事、戲劇、哲學..等，都可以為創造力提供火花。以廣泛的影響力對你的工作進行異花授粉(原文:cross pollination，藉由風或昆蟲從別的花獲得繁衍的花粉)，並觀察你的創造力增長。
Tip No. 63: Write it all down while the coffee is still telling you you’re mighty. Reread after you’ve turned back into Dr. Banner (yes he’s a genius, but not as self-confident in that condition). That buzz is so valuable but needs editing.
在咖啡發揮效果告訴你”你超棒”的時期，把所有想法寫下來。當你回復成原本的自我 (原文: Dr. Banner，也就是尚未變身成綠巨人浩克的班納博士，是個缺乏自信的天才)時，重讀一次剛才的寫作。思緒激昂(原文:buzz，也有微醺、很鏘的意思)很珍貴，但需要編輯。
GARY'S FAVORITES
Gary(原作者)的最愛
Tip No. 90: After a Good Set, Brainstorm
You just had a great set. Instead of celebrating, use that hour or so after when the synapses are still firing and your confidence is soaring to voice record or write down the ideas that pop up during that especially fertile creative time.
如果你剛完成一場精采的表演，不用太早慶祝，要在大腦突觸仍在觸發、信心爆發、靈感特別豐腴的創作時間裡，把突然出現的想法錄音或寫下，再多花一個小時左右的時間繼續創作吧。
Gary’s thoughts on Tip No. 90: Huge help in making jokes that work longer and coming up with tangents and inspired ideas.
Gary對此建議的想法: 這建議在創作笑話的過程中提供巨大幫助，並提供變化和啟發性的想法。
Tip No. 92: Notice where you do your best thinking. The shower? Running? Listening to music? Not listening to music? Driving? Walking? Make sure to put yourself in the places where you’re doing your best thinking as frequently as possible.
你有注意過你在哪個’場景最能好好思考嗎。沐浴時？跑步時？聽音樂時？不聽音樂時？開車時?走路時？請盡量把自己放在最適合思考的場域。
Tip No. 132: I think you can limit frustration and discouragement by writing just a page on a new premise before trying it out onstage. See if there’s anything there before you spend a day on a new joke. But if you’re truly excited by the new idea, keep going!
我認為你可以在上台試笑話之前，先寫一頁的新前提，這可以限制你的挫敗感和沮喪感。在你花一整天開發新笑話之前，先研究前提是否可挖掘。但是，如果你真心對這個新點子感到興奮，那就放手去做吧!
Tip No. 143: Listen to strangers’ conversations. (I tell myself it’s not impolite if they’re being super-loud.) I got “How Dottie is that?” when a supercilious woman named Jodi bragged “How Jodi is that?” “So Jodi,” her friend replied.
偷聽陌生人的對談(我都告訴自己偷聽並不是沒禮貌的行徑，是他們講話太大聲了)。我有一次聽到一個名叫Jodi的膚淺女人吹噓"How Jodi is that?"，她朋友回覆:"So Jodi"，我因此想出了我的 “How Dottie is that?” 笑話。
Tip No. 157: Need new joke ideas? Be sensitive. If you’re uncomfortable with that word, use “irritable” (or grow up). A lot of good comedy comes from reaction to injustice or discomfort large and small, which requires being hypersensitive to those feelings.
需要新的笑話創意嗎？保持敏感。如果你對這個詞不滿意，請使用“煩躁”(或成長)。 許多優秀喜劇源自於對不平等或不適的大大小小的反應，產生這些感覺都需要保持敏感。
Tip No. 217: “All art is autobiographical. The pearl is the oyster’s autobiography.” — Federico Fellini. Purposefully mine your personal history for your act. Your life is a wellspring. Dig deep.
Federico Fellini說過:“所有藝術都是自傳。珍珠是牡蠣的自傳。”有目的得挖掘你的個人經歷，以作為你的演出。你的生活是靈感之源。請深入挖掘。
Tip No. 241: Many of your favorite writers include the same themes/subjects/objects/interests repeatedly in their work. Don’t be afraid to return again and again to your passions and obsessions to explore and expound.
你最愛的許多作家，都會在他們的作品裡重複探討相同的主題/目標/對象/興趣。不要害怕在你的熱情和沉迷之處，一次又一次得重複探索和闡述。
Tip No. 285: Explore unusual angles in a joke. Example: Examine things from the POV of a child or an Expert. My man Jimmy P and I still laugh over his “Martian response to high school football practice: Why are the hard-heads (players) taking orders from the small soft-heads (coach)?”
在笑話中探索不尋常的觀點。例如：從孩子或專家的視角觀看事物。我和我的兄弟Jimmy P仍會為他的笑話大笑:“火星人對高中足球訓練的反應：為什麼硬頭(球員)會從小型軟頭(教練)那裡得到命令？”
Tip No. 297: One of the miracles of comedy is that you can get redemption for suffering, small and large, by making something funny with it. When you are ready, try to write something funny about your mistakes, setbacks, or even tragedies.
喜劇的奇蹟之一是，藉由使事情變得有趣，你可以從大大小小的苦難中得到救贖。 當你準備就緒時，請嘗試寫一些有關你的錯誤、挫折甚至悲劇的有趣訊息。
Tip No. 298: Skim your life for the unusual events and activities that you can’t believe you were a part of or that people can’t believe you were a part of. Then write about it! Back row No. 93 MULLET:
No. 93後衛MULLET: “瀏覽你一生經歷過的、你或別人不敢相信你參與其中的奇特事件和活動。然後把它寫下來吧!“
Tip No. 310: When it comes to solving the puzzles that are our jokes, draw on every area of knowledge, expertise, and talent. It’s so gratifying to use a fact, a lesson, or a memory from elementary school, high school, or elsewhere to fill in the joke.
在解決我們玩笑的難關時，請利用各個領域的常識、專業知識和才能。用小學、高中或其他地方的事實、課業或回憶來充實笑話，會非常令人滿足。
Tip No. 311: Some of your best ideas will come to you in the shower. There’s science behind why it happens. Get a shower notepad if you have trouble remembering your ideas. Don’t listen to music. Listen to your thoughts. Ruminate on tonight’s set or a new joke.
洗澡時，你可能想到一些最好的點子。這現象的發生原因有科學依據。如果你難以記住自己的想法，請準備淋浴記事本。不要聽音樂。聽你的想法。用今晚的場景或一個新的笑話來反思。
Tip No. 313: Try teaching or informing the audience about something through some of your jokes. We love to learn while being entertained and vice versa. You have knowledge? Put it in your act! Just make sure it’s funny.
試試看通過講笑話來教導或告知聽眾新知識吧。我們喜歡在娛樂的同時學習，反之亦然。你有新知識嗎？把它放在你的演出！只要確保它很有趣就行。
Tip No. 327: Going home for Thanksgiving? Take copious notes! Your family is unique. Being reminded of the dynamics and adding new memories will be great resources for your act. “Family isn’t a word. It’s a sentence.”
逢年過節你會回家和家人團聚嗎？做大量筆記！你的家人是獨一無二的。記住動態場景並添加新的記憶，這會是你表演的寶貴資源。“家庭不是一個詞。 而是一個句子。”
Tip No. 331: There are great stories from our lives that we’re not able to translate into stand-up. Don’t throw them out. Collect those stories in a file for radio and TV and other interview situations.
我們生活中有許多很棒的故事，但我們無法將其轉化為脫口秀。可是不要把它們丟掉。要將這些故事收集在資料夾裡，以後在進行廣播和電視或採訪時可能用的到。
Tip No. 340: Volunteer! Especially if you don’t have a day job. There are so many opportunities to help. You will do good and have something new to write about. In NYC we have New York Cares. One year we decorated an elementary school for Halloween.
如果你沒有正職工作，當志工吧！你會有很多機會能幫助別人。你會做得很好，並有新的事情能寫。在紐約，我們設有紐約關懷中心。今年我們為萬聖節裝飾了一所小學。
Tip No. 358: I have recently started audio recording all notes sessions (for projects), and next time I pitch jokes with a friend I will record that too. It’s very helpful. You will be surprised at what you forgot when you listen back. Ask permission first.
我最近開始錄製所有筆記會話(用於專案)的錄音檔，並且下次我與朋友開玩笑時，我也會錄音。這非常有幫助。當你回聽時，你會驚訝於你忘記了什麼。但錄音前請先徵得許可。
Tip No. 360: Spending holidays with kids? Pay attention to them. Listen to them. Take note and embrace their curiosity and enthusiasm within your writing. (Also avoid the “kids these days” writing. It’s lazy.) Merry Christmas from your second favorite long-haired Jew.
和孩子一起度假嗎？注意觀察他們。聽他們說話。寫下你觀察到的東西並注意，並在寫作中懷抱孩子們的好奇心和熱情。(不要流水帳的寫“現在的小屁孩都如何如何”。這很懶。)你第二喜歡的長髮猶太叔叔在此祝你聖誕快樂(註，原作Gary是猶太人)。
best before意思 在 [心得] Best before vs Use by - 看板hypermall - 批踢踢實業坊 的美食出口停車場
大家到Costco通常會看產品的保存期限 來判斷新鮮度
其實這有分別的
Expiration date就是到期日 就是這個日期以後就不建議食用了
Use by 也是一樣的意思
還有一個就是Best before by 這個比較容易造成誤解 也因為這樣
加拿大一年食物浪費的金額高達310億加幣
Best before by 的意思 是指過了這個日期 食物的品質可能沒有原本那麼好 會下降
不過還是可以食用的
例如很鹹或很甜的食物 通常過了Best before的日期還是可以吃
餅乾或洋芋片 可能比較不會那麼脆而已 也是可以吃
以下食物都是過了best before還可以吃的食物
Milk: Pasteurised milk will keep 50 per cent longer if you store it at a lower
temperature. Try storing at the back of the fridge rather than the fridge door. If your milk has gone sour, use it to make pancakes.
牛奶
Hard cheese can be eaten after its best before date
起士
Eggs: According to a report by food scientist Dana Gunders, eggs can last for
three to five weeks. But they have to be kept at a temperature below 5C (41F), as that helps prevent potential growth of Salmonella enteritidis.
蛋
Sugary foods: Anything with a large amount of sugar, such as jam or honey, is
含糖食物 果醬 蜂蜜
safe to be consumed. Honey never really expires although crystals, which are
safe to consume, may start to form.
German sauerkraut and Korean kimchi: Safe as they are foods which has been
德國酸菜 跟韓國泡菜
preserved through salting, curing or drying.
Crisps: While they may have gone soft, crisps are highly processed and loaded
洋芋片
with salt so are safe to be consumed. They can be eaten three weeks after the
best by date.
Biscuits: Like crisps, biscuits are also highly processed and thus can be
餅乾
consumed long after their sell-by date. If they taste soft or soggy simply
pop them in the oven to get them crunchy again. These can be eaten two months
after the best by date.
Dry pasta: Dry goods such as uncooked pasta, if stored in airtight containers,
乾的義大利麵
can keep indefinitely.
Bread: Keep it in the freezer and it will last for ages. Just make sure you cut
麵包
out the mouldy bits if you spot any.
Canned foods: Extend the shelf life of canned products by storing them in a
罐頭食物
cool and dark area.
Packaged salad: As long as your salad leaves haven't gone mouldy (wilted and
包裝沙拉
mouldy are very different) simply revive them in ice-cold water.
Cheese: Hard cheeses, such as cheddar, are safe to eat after their best before
dates. Even if it's turned mouldy on the outside, the exterior can just be
cut off and the interior consumed.
巧克力 番茄醬 優格 米 新鮮的蔬菜水果 冷凍食物 都可以
以下附上香港新聞報導
最佳食用日期 認真就浪費了
經濟日報 – 2015年6月1日星期一
【經濟日報專訊】食物過期了，不少人隨手就丟，但有否看清楚日期是「best before」
或「use by」？兩者有別，前者原來過期也未必等於變壞，一個標籤就造成大量浪費，
不如改吧！
本港出售的預先包裝食物，法例規定要有「此日期前食用」（use by）或「此日期前最佳
（best before）標籤，究竟兩者有何分別？大家都可能一頭霧水，看到日期過了，
第一個反應就是「過期不要吃」，未開封隨手丟垃圾桶，究竟是否真的吃不得？
「神期食品」 過期照食可也
尖沙咀文化中心露天廣場上周有一個名為「神期食品」的活動，將best before日期已過的
食物如果醬、鯷魚罐頭、茶葉等展示，過期時間由數月至數年不等，市民可以購買，有膽
也可免費試食。不怕吃壞肚子嗎？根據舉辦活動的fb專頁，有人留言沖出來的「過期茶」
好喝，有人將「過期」3年的芝麻碎末撈麵條吃，大讚「味道好正」。
食品長期擺放，有可能變壞，吃了可能對身體健康有壞影響，這說法固然沒錯，則又為何
鼓勵吃過期食品呢？原來此「期」不同彼「期」。
罐頭過期7年 含菌量仍合格
我們在食品標籤見到的日期，有時是best before，有時是use by，兩者不同（見表）。
後者標示食物安全，過期不應吃，但best before則指這日期可確保食物味道最佳質素，
並非食物安全。
不信？香港地球之友去年曾進行測試，找來81款已過best before日期的食物，如罐頭、
餅乾、意粉等，最長時間的過期罐頭達7年之久，交給浸大化驗含菌量等，結果全部通過
測試，證明可安全食用。
食得不應該浪費，更可成商機。英國《每日郵報》今年3月一篇報道，指一間名為Approved
Food的網店，專門售賣best before日期已過的食物，每年生意額已達400萬元英鎊，每日
定單約600張。報道訪問創辦人Dan Cluderay，他分享經驗，指生意全賴超市等大型零售商
等不賣差不多或已過best before日期的食物例如朱古力、薯片、寵物食糧等，他遂以低價
「入貨」。由於當地法例best before期限已過的食物仍可合法售賣，造就他成功開拓生意
如今已成為百萬富翁。
其實本港法例一樣容許best before期限已過的食物出售，但港人對食物安全愈來愈重視
商戶怕出事會壞了聲譽，消費者又有多少認真弄清楚兩者分別，只看日期就算。
未深究質素 22%人過期即棄
去年地球之友的調查發現，22%受訪者承認發現食物過了best before日期，就會即時丟棄
38%則稱會以氣味、外觀、顏色等判斷是否丟棄。2013年，美國有報告指10個當地消費者
有9個因誤解標籤而把尚可食用的食物丟棄，估計全美約40%食物因此被浪費，英國政府亦
曾估算因誤解標籤而每年浪費的食物價值達7.5億元英鎊。
若按此推算，一個標籤造成的浪費有多驚人？可想而知，此問題亦已引起關注。歐盟現時
規定所有包裝食物要有use by或best before標籤，但荷蘭、瑞典政府去年已分別向歐盟
提出建議，針對可長期擺放的食物如米、咖啡、意粉等予以豁免，毋須有best before標籤
以免混淆，減少食物浪費。但消費者是否也有權得知有關食物何時之前吃味道最佳等資訊
又如何平衡呢？歐盟對此仍未有定論，但已成立工作小組跟進。
多了解食物標籤 別做「大嘥鬼」
浪費食物是全球嚴重問題。best before標籤是否仍應保留呢？消費者對「過期日子」認真
並不是壞事，但如何可避免因誤解白白浪費食物？近年公眾的惜食意識提高，食物標籤
有其作用，但市民亦應該多了解，別做「大嘥鬼」。
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非洲還有一些人只有泥土餅加鹽可以吃 世界上還有很多小孩難民連吃都沒有
請多多愛惜食物 還可以吃的請不要丟掉 還是可以下肚的 感謝大家:)
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