關於 this source is not a function ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

📜 [專欄新文章] Gas Efficient Card Drawing in Solidity

✍️ Ping Chen

📥 歡迎投稿： https://medium.com/taipei-ethereum-meetup #徵技術分享文 #使用心得 #教學文 #medium

Assign random numbers as the index of newly minted NFTs

Scenario

The fun of generative art NFT projects depends on randomness. The industry standard is “blind box”, where both the images’ serial number and the NFTs’ index are predetermined but will be shifted randomly when the selling period ends. (They call it “reveal”) This approach effectively solves the randomness issue. However, it also requires buyers to wait until the campaign terminates. What if buyers want to know the exact card right away? We’ll need a reliable onchain card drawing solution.

The creator of Astrogator🐊 isn’t a fan of blind boxes; instead, it thinks unpacking cards right after purchase is more interesting.

Spec

When initializing this NFT contract, the creator will determine the total supply of it. And there will be an iterable function that is randomly picking a number from the remaining pool. The number must be in range and must not collide with any existing ones.

Our top priority is accessibility/gas efficiency. Given that gas cost on Ethereum is damn high nowadays, we need an elegant algorithm to control gas expanse at an acceptable range.

Achieving robust randomness isn’t the primary goal here. We assume there’s no strong financial incentive to cheat, so the RNG isn’t specified. Implementers can bring their own source of randomness that they think is good enough.

Implementation

Overview

The implementation is pretty short and straightforward. Imagine there’s an array that contains all remaining(unsold) cards. When drawIndex() is called, it generates a (uniform) random seed to draw a card from the array, shortens the array, and returns the selected card.

Algorithm

Drawing X cards from a deck with the same X amount of cards is equal to shuffling the deck and dealing them sequentially. It’s not a surprise that our algorithm is similar to random shuffling, and the only difference is turning that classic algo into an interactive version.

A typical random shuffle looks like this: for an array with N elements, you randomly pick a number i in (0,N), swap array[0] and array[i], then choose another number i in (1,N), swap array[1] and array[i], and so on. Eventually, you’ll get a mathematically random array in O(N) time.

So, the concept of our random card dealing is the same. When a user mints a new card, the smart contract picks a number in the array as NFT index, then grabs a number from the tail to fill the vacancy, in order to keep the array continuous.

Tweak

Furthermore, as long as the space of the NFT index is known, we don’t need to declare/initialize an array(which is super gas-intensive). Instead, assume there’s such an array that the n-th element is n, we don’t actually initialize it (so it is an array only contains “0”) until the rule is broken.

For the convenience of explanation, let’s call that mapping cache. If cache[i] is empty, it should be interpreted as i instead of 0. On the other hand, when a number is chosen and used, we’ll need to fill it up with another unused number. An intuitive method is to pick a number from the end of the array, since the length of the array is going to decrease by 1.

By doing so, the gas cost in the worst-case scenario is bound to be constant.

Performance and limitation

Comparing with the normal ascending index NFT minting, our random NFT implementation requires two extra SSTORE and one extra SLOAD, which cost 12600 ~ 27600 (5000+20000+2600) excess gas per token minted.

Theoretically, any instantly generated onchain random number is vulnerable. We can restrict contract interaction to mitigate risk. The mitigation is far from perfect, but it is the tradeoff that we have to accept.

ping.eth

Gas Efficient Card Drawing in Solidity was originally published in Taipei Ethereum Meetup on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

👏 歡迎轉載分享鼓掌

[時事英文] 從 Most Dangerous Place 文章，看經濟學人寫作邏輯

最近大家好像都在討論這一篇文章, 我們來聽一下前總統府英文演講撰稿人Andrew Yang的觀點吧:

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Economist 經濟學人這禮拜發表了一篇聳動的文章：The Most Dangerous Place on Earth: https://econ.st/3tbpZWT

雖然有些人覺得 Economist 寫的東西很無聊 (我以前在美國外交研究所，每個同學都這麼覺得)，但他們的寫作邏輯嚴謹度是非常高的。

他們怎麼寫？

★★★★★★★★★★★★

The Most Dangerous Place on Earth: America and China must work harder to avoid war over the future of Taiwan

📌 文章架構：

1. Premise 前提：台海平衡建立在一個「矛盾」上
2. What if...：如果發生戰爭，會有多恐怖
3. Premise is weak：前提的平衡，比我們想像還要脆弱...
4. Reason 原因：武力侵台，對中國來說越來越可行了
5. Counter argument：但習近平真的想要冒這個風險嗎？沒人知道
6. Recommendation：所以台美要努力讓中國覺得武力不是一個選項

邏輯：

- 建立前提
- 然後探討不同發展方向會有什麼後果
- 我們有什麼理由/證據告訴我們會往哪個方向發展？
- 最後：在這種不確定下，我們該怎麼做？

★★★★★★★★★★★★

📌 標題的組合是聳動的一句 "most dangerous place on earth" 加上 call to action - 一定要努力避免戰爭。

這個是不錯的標題組合，大家不妨沿用：抓住注意力，然後給結論。

不過老實說，副標有點弱。因為 "work harder to avoid war" 是所有專家都講了幾十年的。標題太重要了，應該要有點新的東西，或是寫的很具體。而且拜託，如果有人叫你 "work harder"，你會不會覺得：「廢話」？

就算我們簡單看內文，也可以生出更具體的副標：

- Has war become a viable option for Beijing?
- The strategic ambiguity over Taiwan is breaking down
- Time to remove war as an option

★★★★★★★★★★★★

好，文章開始：

The test of a first-rate intelligence, wrote F. Scott Fitzgerald, is the ability to hold two opposing ideas in mind at the same time and still retain the ability to function. For decades just such an exercise of high-calibre ambiguity has kept the peace between America and China over Taiwan...

Today, however, this strategic ambiguity is breaking down. The United States is coming to fear that it may no longer be able to deter China from seizing Taiwan by force.

📌 這個告訴讀者 (他們教育水準普遍非常高，但可能不大熟悉台灣)，台海的平衡一直是一個矛盾的平衡，而這個平衡也許無法繼續維持了。這樣寫提高戲劇張力，吸引讀者。

他們這個開頭，其實也是伏筆，晚點會繞回來。

*引用 Fitzgerald 的話本身慢逗趣的，展現了他們的文學素養 lol。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

下一句告訴大家，台海戰爭對世界的後果有多恐怖：

War would be a catastrophe, and not only because of the bloodshed in Taiwan and the risk of escalation between two nuclear powers. One reason is economic. The island lies at the heart of the semiconductor industry. TSMC, the world’s most valuable chipmaker, etches 84% of the most advanced chips.

但他們反而把他們認為「最重要」的部分，放在後面：

The bigger reason is that Taiwan is an arena for the rivalry between China and America. Although the United States is not treaty-bound to defend Taiwan, a Chinese assault would be a test of America’s military might and its diplomatic and political resolve. If the Seventh Fleet failed to turn up, China would overnight become the dominant power in Asia. America’s allies around the world would know that they could not count on it. Pax Americana would collapse.

📌 最後一句最關鍵：如果美國不阻止中國，其他盟友會知道：美國可能不會來救我們。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

然後，他們就回到開頭的伏筆了：

To understand how to avoid conflict in the Taiwan Strait, start with the contradictions that have kept the peace during the past few decades. The government in Beijing insists it has a duty to bring about unification—even, as a last resort, by means of invasion. The Taiwanese, who used to agree that their island was part of China (albeit a non-Communist one), have taken to electing governments that stress its separateness, while stopping short of declaring independence. And America has protected Taiwan from Chinese aggression, even though it recognises the government in Beijing. These opposing ideas are bundled into what Fitzgerald’s diplomatic inheritors blithely call the “status quo”. In fact, it is a roiling, seething source of neurosis and doubt.

他們一一列出台美中三方的立場，然後指出：把這個叫做 "Status Quo" 根本就很荒唐啊！這個真的很 roiling, seething, neurotic (要強調的這麼誇張嗎...)。

📌 我發現 The Economist 很喜歡把最重要的結論放在最後面。其他刊物/作者可能會把重點放在最前面："What Fitzgerald's diplomatic inheritors blithely call the "status quo" is in fact a roiling, seething source of neurosis..." 然後再列出三方的立場。

這可能也跟 The Economist 自認的讀者群有關：我認識會看他們東西的人，都是在家或是辦公室，真的坐下來好好看的，所以把重點放在後面還 ok，因為很多讀者會好好看到最後。但你如果寫給「瞄過去」的讀者，就請把重點放在段落最前面。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

🔎 需要更多的分析嗎? 想看完整文章的同學請按個讚和留言「從 Most Dangerous Place 文章，看經濟學人寫作邏輯」。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Presentality系列文章:

📌 看貝佐斯致亞馬遜股東的最後一封信，學一些英文寫作小撇步
https://bit.ly/3xCN1cC

📌 英文演講實用的結構與技巧
https://bit.ly/2PHu3Ax

📌 在演講中的四種敘述角度
https://bit.ly/39tNUtv

📌 詩人Amanda Gorman的英文演講技巧
https://bit.ly/39sI3on

📜 [專欄新文章] Uniswap v3 Features Explained in Depth

✍️ 田少谷 Shao

📥 歡迎投稿： https://medium.com/taipei-ethereum-meetup #徵技術分享文 #使用心得 #教學文 #medium

Once again the game-changing DEX 🦄 👑

Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/

Outline

0. Intro1. Uniswap & AMM recap2. Ticks 3. Concentrated liquidity4. Range orders: reversible limit orders5. Impacts of v36. Conclusion

0. Intro

The announcement of Uniswap v3 is no doubt one of the most exciting news in the DeFi place recently 🔥🔥🔥

While most have talked about the impact v3 can potentially bring on the market, seldom explain the delicate implementation techniques to realize all those amazing features, such as concentrated liquidity, limit-order-like range orders, etc.

Since I’ve covered Uniswap v1 & v2 (if you happen to know Mandarin, here are v1 & v2), there’s no reason for me to not cover v3 as well ✅

Thus, this article aims to guide readers through Uniswap v3, based on their official whitepaper and examples made on the announcement page. However, one needs not to be an engineer, as not many codes are involved, nor a math major, as the math involved is definitely taught in your high school, to fully understand the following content 😊😊😊

If you really make it through but still don’t get shxt, feedbacks are welcomed! 🙏

There should be another article focusing on the codebase, so stay tuned and let’s get started with some background noise!

1. Uniswap & AMM recap

Before diving in, we have to first recap the uniqueness of Uniswap and compare it to traditional order book exchanges.

Uniswap v1 & v2 are a kind of AMMs (automated market marker) that follow the constant product equation x * y = k, with x & y stand for the amount of two tokens X and Y in a pool and k as a constant.

Comparing to order book exchanges, AMMs, such as the previous versions of Uniswap, offer quite a distinct user experience:

AMMs have pricing functions that offer the price for the two tokens, which make their users always price takers, while users of order book exchanges can be both makers or takers.

Uniswap as well as most AMMs have infinite liquidity¹, while order book exchanges don’t. The liquidity of Uniswap v1 & v2 is provided throughout the price range [0,∞]².

Uniswap as well as most AMMs have price slippage³ and it’s due to the pricing function, while there isn’t always price slippage on order book exchanges as long as an order is fulfilled within one tick.

In an order book, each price (whether in green or red) is a tick. Image source: https://ftx.com/trade/BTC-PERP

¹ though the price gets worse over time; AMM of constant sum such as mStable does not have infinite liquidity

² the range is in fact [-∞,∞], while a price in most cases won’t be negative

³ AMM of constant sum does not have price slippage

2. Tick

The whole innovation of Uniswap v3 starts from ticks.

For those unfamiliar with what is a tick:

Source: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tick.asp

By slicing the price range [0,∞] into numerous granular ticks, trading on v3 is highly similar to trading on order book exchanges, with only three differences:

The price range of each tick is predefined by the system instead of being proposed by users.

Trades that happen within a tick still follows the pricing function of the AMM, while the equation has to be updated once the price crosses the tick.

Orders can be executed with any price within the price range, instead of being fulfilled at the same one price on order book exchanges.

With the tick design, Uniswap v3 possesses most of the merits of both AMM and an order book exchange! 💯💯💯

So, how is the price range of a tick decided?

This question is actually somewhat related to the tick explanation above: the minimum tick size for stocks trading above 1$ is one cent.

The underlying meaning of a tick size traditionally being one cent is that one cent (1% of 1$) is the basis point of price changes between ticks, ex: 1.02 — 1.01 = 0.1.

Uniswap v3 employs a similar idea: compared to the previous/next price, the price change should always be 0.01% = 1 basis point.

However, notice the difference is that in the traditional basis point, the price change is defined with subtraction, while here in Uniswap it’s division.

This is how price ranges of ticks are decided⁴:

Image source: https://uniswap.org/whitepaper-v3.pdf

With the above equation, the tick/price range can be recorded in the index form [i, i+1], instead of some crazy numbers such as 1.0001¹⁰⁰ = 1.0100496621.

As each price is the multiplication of 1.0001 of the previous price, the price change is always 1.0001 — 1 = 0.0001 = 0.01%.

For example, when i=1, p(1) = 1.0001; when i=2, p(2) = 1.00020001.

p(2) / p(1) = 1.00020001 / 1.0001 = 1.0001

See the connection between the traditional basis point 1 cent (=1% of 1$) and Uniswap v3’s basis point 0.01%?

Image source: https://tenor.com/view/coin-master-cool-gif-19748052

But sir, are prices really granular enough? There are many shitcoins with prices less than 0.000001$. Will such prices be covered as well?

Price range: max & min

To know if an extremely small price is covered or not, we have to figure out the max & min price range of v3 by looking into the spec: there is a int24 tick state variable in UniswapV3Pool.sol.

Image source: https://uniswap.org/whitepaper-v3.pdf

The reason for a signed integer int instead of an uint is that negative power represents prices less than 1 but greater than 0.

24 bits can cover the range between 1.0001 ^ (2²³ — 1) and 1.0001 ^ -(2)²³. Even Google cannot calculate such numbers, so allow me to offer smaller values to have a rough idea of the whole price range:

1.0001 ^ (2¹⁸) = 242,214,459,604.341

1.0001 ^ -(2¹⁷) = 0.000002031888943

I think it’s safe to say that with a int24 the range can cover > 99.99% of the prices of all assets in the universe 👌

⁴ For implementation concern, however, a square root is added to both sides of the equation.

How about finding out which tick does a price belong to?

Tick index from price

The answer to this question is rather easy, as we know that p(i) = 1.0001^i, simply takes a log with base 1.0001 on both sides of the equation⁴:

Image source: https://www.codecogs.com/latex/eqneditor.php

Let’s try this out, say we wanna find out the tick index of 1000000.

Image source: https://ncalculators.com/number-conversion/log-logarithm-calculator.htm

Now, 1.0001¹³⁸¹⁶² = 999,998.678087146. Voila!

⁵ This formula is also slightly modified to fit the real implementation usage.

3. Concentrated liquidity

Now that we know how ticks and price ranges are decided, let’s talk about how orders are executed in a tick, what is concentrated liquidity and how it enables v3 to compete with stablecoin-specialized DEXs (decentralized exchange), such as Curve, by improving the capital efficiency.

Concentrated liquidity means LPs (liquidity providers) can provide liquidity to any price range/tick at their wish, which causes the liquidity to be imbalanced in ticks.

As each tick has a different liquidity depth, the corresponding pricing function x * y = k also won’t be the same!

Each tick has its own liquidity depth. Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/

Mmm… examples are always helpful for abstract descriptions 😂

Say the original pricing function is 100(x) * 1000(y) = 100000(k), with the price of X token 1000 / 100 = 10 and we’re now in the price range [9.08, 11.08].

If the liquidity of the price range [11.08, 13.08] is the same as [9.08, 11.08], we don’t have to modify the pricing function if the price goes from 10 to 11.08, which is the boundary between two ticks.

The price of X is 1052.63 / 95 = 11.08 when the equation is 1052.63 * 95 = 100000.

However, if the liquidity of the price range [11.08, 13.08] is two times that of the current range [9.08, 11.08], balances of x and y should be doubled, which makes the equation become 2105.26 * 220 = 400000, which is (1052.63 * 2) * (110 * 2) = (100000 * 2 * 2).

We can observe the following two points from the above example:

Trades always follow the pricing function x * y = k, while once the price crosses the current price range/tick, the liquidity/equation has to be updated.

√(x * y) = √k = L is how we represent the liquidity, as I say the liquidity of x * y = 400000 is two times the liquidity of x * y = 100000, as √(400000 / 100000) = 2.

What’s more, compared to liquidity on v1 & v2 is always spread across [0,∞], liquidity on v3 can be concentrated within certain price ranges and thus results in higher capital efficiency from traders’ swapping fees!

Let’s say if I provide liquidity in the range [1200, 2800], the capital efficiency will then be 4.24x higher than v2 with the range [0,∞] 😮😮😮 There’s a capital efficiency comparison calculator, make sure to try it out!

Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/

It’s worth noticing that the concept of concentrated liquidity was proposed and already implemented by Kyper, prior to Uniswap, which is called Automated Price Reserve in their case.⁵

⁶ Thanks to Yenwen Feng for the information.

4. Range orders: reversible limit orders

As explained in the above section, LPs of v3 can provide liquidity to any price range/tick at their wish. Depending on the current price and the targeted price range, there are three scenarios:

current price < the targeted price range

current price > the targeted price range

current price belongs to the targeted price range

The first two scenarios are called range orders. They have unique characteristics and are essentially fee-earning reversible limit orders, which will be explained later.

The last case is the exact same liquidity providing mechanism as the previous versions: LPs provide liquidity in both tokens of the same value (= amount * price).

There’s also an identical product to the case: grid trading, a very powerful investment tool for a time of consolidation. Dunno what’s grid trading? Check out Binance’s explanation on this, as this topic won’t be covered!

In fact, LPs of Uniswap v1 & v2 are grid trading with a range of [0,∞] and the entry price as the baseline.

Range orders

To understand range orders, we’d have to first revisit how price is discovered on Uniswap with the equation x * y = k, for x & y stand for the amount of two tokens X and Y and k as a constant.

The price of X compared to Y is y / x, which means how many Y one can get for 1 unit of X, and vice versa the price of Y compared to X is x / y.

For the price of X to go up, y has to increase and x decrease.

With this pricing mechanism in mind, it’s example time!

Say an LP plans to place liquidity in the price range [15.625, 17.313], higher than the current price of X 10, when 100(x) * 1000(y) = 100000(k).

The price of X is 1250 / 80 = 15.625 when the equation is 80 * 1250 = 100000.

The price of X is 1315.789 / 76 = 17.313 when the equation is 76 * 1315.789 = 100000.

If now the price of X reaches 15.625, the only way for the price of X to go even higher is to further increase y and decrease x, which means exchanging a certain amount of X for Y.

Thus, to provide liquidity in the range [15.625, 17.313], an LP needs only to prepare 80 — 76 = 4 of X. If the price exceeds 17.313, all 4 X of the LP is swapped into 1315.789 — 1250 = 65.798 Y, and then the LP has nothing more to do with the pool, as his/her liquidity is drained.

What if the price stays in the range? It’s exactly what LPs would love to see, as they can earn swapping fees for all transactions in the range! Also, the balance of X will swing between [76, 80] and the balance of Y between [1250, 1315.789].

This might not be obvious, but the example above shows an interesting insight: if the liquidity of one token is provided, only when the token becomes more valuable will it be exchanged for the less valuable one.

…wut? 🤔

Remember that if 4 X is provided within [15.625, 17.313], only when the price of X goes up from 15.625 to 17.313 is 4 X gradually swapped into Y, the less valuable one!

What if the price of X drops back immediately after reaching 17.313? As X becomes less valuable, others are going to exchange Y for X.

The below image illustrates the scenario of DAI/USDC pair with a price range of [1.001, 1.002] well: the pool is always composed entirely of one token on both sides of the tick, while in the middle 1.001499⁶ is of both tokens.

Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/

Similarly, to provide liquidity in a price range < current price, an LP has to prepare a certain amount of Y for others to exchange Y for X within the range.

To wrap up such an interesting feature, we know that:

Only one token is required for range orders.

Only when the current price is within the range of the range order can LP earn trading fees. This is the main reason why most people believe LPs of v3 have to monitor the price more actively to maximize their income, which also means that LPs of v3 have become arbitrageurs 🤯

I will be discussing more the impacts of v3 in 5. Impacts of v3.

⁷ 1.001499988 = √(1.0001 * 1.0002) is the geometric mean of 1.0001 and 1.0002. The implication is that the geometric mean of two prices is the average execution price within the range of the two prices.

Reversible limit orders

As the example in the last section demonstrates, if there is 4 X in range [15.625, 17.313], the 4 X will be completely converted into 65.798 Y when the price goes over 17.313.

We all know that a price can stay in a wide range such as [10, 11] for quite some time, while it’s unlikely so in a narrow range such as [15.625, 15.626].

Thus, if an LP provides liquidity in [15.625, 15.626], we can expect that once the price of X goes over 15.625 and immediately also 15.626, and does not drop back, all X are then forever converted into Y.

The concept of having a targeted price and the order will be executed after the price is crossed is exactly the concept of limit orders! The only difference is that if the range of a range order is not narrow enough, it’s highly possible that the conversion of tokens will be reverted once the price falls back to the range.

As price ranges follow the equation p(i) = 1.0001 ^ i, the range can be quite narrow and a range order can thus effectively serve as a limit order:

When i = 27490, 1.0001²⁷⁴⁹⁰ = 15.6248.⁸

When i = 27491, 1.0001²⁷⁴⁹¹ = 15.6264.⁸

A range of 0.0016 is not THAT narrow but can certainly satisfy most limit order use cases!

⁸ As mentioned previously in note #4, there is a square root in the equation of the price and index, thus the numbers here are for explantion only.

5. Impacts of v3

Higher capital efficiency, LPs become arbitrageurs… as v3 has made tons of radical changes, I’d like to summarize my personal takes of the impacts of v3:

Higher capital efficiency makes one of the most frequently considered indices in DeFi: TVL, total value locked, becomes less meaningful, as 1$ on Uniswap v3 might have the same effect as 100$ or even 2000$ on v2.

The ease of spot exchanging between spot exchanges used to be a huge advantage of spot markets over derivative markets. As LPs will take up the role of arbitrageurs and arbitraging is more likely to happen on v3 itself other than between DEXs, this gap is narrowed … to what extent? No idea though.

LP strategies and the aggregation of NFT of Uniswap v3 liquidity token are becoming the blue ocean for new DeFi startups: see Visor and Lixir. In fact, this might be the turning point for both DeFi and NFT: the two main reasons of blockchain going mainstream now come to the alignment of interest: solving the $$ problem 😏😏😏

In the right venue, which means a place where transaction fees are low enough, such as Optimism, we might see Algo trading firms coming in to share the market of designing LP strategies on Uniswap v3, as I believe Algo trading is way stronger than on-chain strategies or DAO voting to add liquidity that sort of thing.

After reading this article by Parsec.finance: The Dex to Rule Them All, I cannot help but wonder: maybe there is going to be centralized crypto exchanges adopting v3’s approach. The reason is that since orders of LPs in the same tick are executed pro-rata, the endless front-running speeding-competition issue in the Algo trading world, to some degree, is… solved? 🤔

Anyway, personal opinions can be biased and seriously wrong 🙈 I’m merely throwing out a sprat to catch a whale. Having a different voice? Leave your comment down below!

6. Conclusion

That was kinda tough, isn’t it? Glad you make it through here 🥂🥂🥂

There are actually many more details and also a huge section of Oracle yet to be covered. However, since this article is more about features and targeting normal DeFi users, I’ll leave those to the next one; hope there is one 😅

If you have any doubt or find any mistake, please feel free to reach out to me and I’d try to reply AFAP!

Stay tuned and in the meantime let’s wait and see how Uniswap v3 is again pioneering the innovation of DeFi 🌟

Uniswap v3 Features Explained in Depth was originally published in Taipei Ethereum Meetup on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

👏 歡迎轉載分享鼓掌

哈囉大家好，我是Sonia! 目前人在洛杉磯/台灣🇺🇸🇹🇼
歡迎收看〖美妝保養悄悄畫#4〗原來我有這麽好用的粉底液！ 粉底+保濕精華液+偽素顏[ASMR][睡眠][中文]｜洛杉磯生活
美妝保養日常對我來說就像每天都要呼吸一樣的自然且必須，於是想挑戰一週5po的〖美妝保養悄悄畫〗系列💪 雖然現在人在洛杉磯，之前在舊金山住了三年，所以就算人不在舊金山但我的心也在舊金山！
歡迎大家在每天台灣的晚上（我美國的白天）陪我化妝，看我的美妝保養悄悄畫～大家最想知道的問題，包含美妝保養的問題，我都回答在資訊欄底下囉，記得去看！#SoniaSuTV #洛杉磯生活 #美妝保養悄悄畫 #asmr中文 #睡眠 #ASMR #支持領養代替購買

【影片的目標是讓大家可以睡覺時聽著或看著我的影片休息，走一個“舒服”的系列！搭配著我平日每天都要美妝保養，你平日每天都要休息睡覺的時間，讓大家下課下班後可以紓壓，這是影片中走ASMR的原因】

【ASMR是(取自Wikipedia)：自發性知覺高潮反應(Autonomous sensory meridian response)也稱自發性知覺經絡反應，是一種對於視覺、聽覺、觸覺、嗅覺等其他知覺，顱內、頭皮、後背以及四肢等周邊部位受到刺激而產生愉悅反應的感知現象，例如頭頸部皮膚酥癢、起雞皮疙瘩等反應。】

▼▼更多美妝保養日常影片▼▼
【Naked HEAT palette】詳細版教學。清新日常妝｜SoniaSu TV
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rqG7F4N0NPU&list=PLf6BL8fGbkwmpoM6FGHCoSFF68-8Huazk&index=29
[如何幫女友化妝]挑戰!! 男友幫我化妝 | SoniaSu TV｜[How to Challenge]Boyfriend does my makeup | SoniaSu TV
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pm5eJXLWmwE&list=PLf6BL8fGbkwmpoM6FGHCoSFF68-8Huazk&index=9&t=0s
[抽獎 X 2017感謝] 我與小編❤️的迪士尼禮物交換。+Urban Decay Vice Lipstick Palette/ belif travel kit | Giveaway!!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SEARVgIQoAU&list=PLf6BL8fGbkwmpoM6FGHCoSFF68-8Huazk&index=12

我最喜歡的美妝保養日常影片：
Hello Catie
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xkNIq-N6Bec
TheKellyYang
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nexV80KwbqM
WenWen Fitzgerald
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PY_DMu4JGSo

♥ ♥其他看得到我的地方♥ ♥
♡ Instagram🔍soniasutv
♡ Facebook🔍soniasutv
✉ Contact me - soniasutv@gmail.com
YouTube履歷表：http://sukyhoini8.wixsite.com/soniasutv
製片人/剪輯: Jason Kuo(https://mosicstudios.wixsite.com/mosic)
p.s.這部片不需要剪輯XD 但你還是必須去看他的作品集

Sonia其實是演員～ Sang Chi Su - Acting Demo Reel:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sHHATEQOuWc&t=2s
但實在太愛舊金山所以拍了...【舊金山留學】5件你不來舊金山就一定不會知道的事！｜SoniaSu TV:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HXvWEmLYkh0&t=1s
然後不喜歡吃正餐，但很愛零食尤其是巧克力...所以也拍了【舊金山零食】試吃15種有趣的美國糖果！｜SoniaSu TV:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9EuC_MY1icA
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

我所使用的產品 products I used：
隱形眼鏡 contact lenses: 安視優®歐舒適®每日拋 ACUVUE OASYS® 1-DAY with HydraLuxe™
化妝水 toner: Labo VC100 Essence Mist
眼霜 eye cream: 倩碧智慧科研眼部修護精華凝乳 CLINIQUE Clinique Smart™ Custom-Repair Eye Treatment
乳液 lotion: 倩碧天才黄油 Clinique Dramatically Different Moisturizing Gel
抗菌痘痘貼 Pimple Stickers: 曼秀雷敦 Mentholatum Acnes Anti-bacteria
(粉底+ 保濕精華液那個)潤色隔離防曬乳 multi function foundation: 台鹽生技 高機能無瑕水凝乳EX SPF50
粉底液 foundation: Wet n Wild PhotoFocus Liquid Foundation porcelain
美妝蛋 sponge: JUNO & CO MICROFIBER VELVET SPONGE
我拿來修容, 定妝, 腮紅的眼影盤 PALETT: TOO FACED CHRISTMAS IN NEW YORK THE CHOCOLATE SHOP PALETT
眼影盤 PALETT: URBAN DECAY Naked Heat Palette
眼線筆 Eyeliner: MSH Love Liner Liquid Eyeliner Long Lasting #Baby Brown寶貝金❤️
眉筆 eyebrow pencil: 1028 我型我塑持色眉筆 03灰褐色 Longwear Eyebrow Definer
梳子(用它後天天梳) Hair Brush: BESTOOL Boar Bristle Hair Brush
香水 Fragrance: 迪奧Dior J'ADORE Eau de toilette
唇膏(我一直以為我買的是CATKIN傻眼耶) Lip stick: ·MANSLY 01# 妃紅
指甲油 Nail Polish: CANMAKE N13/ Beauty nail Care& Coat
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

▼▼ FAQs ▼▼
My skin type: dry
CAMERA: iPhone 6s
EDITING SOFTWARE: premiere pro
MUSIC SOURCE: Logic Pro X
PRODUCTION MUSIC BY http://www.epidemicsound.com /UUUMネットワークに参加しているチャンネルでのご利用
DISCLAIMER: This is not a sponsored video.

〖美妝保養悄悄畫〗#SoniaSuTV, #洛杉磯生活, #美妝保養悄悄畫, 洛杉磯 生活, #洛杉矶, 洛杉矶, Los Angeles, #asmr中文, 睡眠, ASMR, #支持領養代替購買, Adopt don’t shop

ok this may not quaaaalify as a vlog?? but there are bloopers at the end! i was so tired and spent 5-6h yesterday in the festival just watching films so here's a cover instead, we did this earlier this week and i haven't jammed in a million years but i love it. here are the people you see:

Stephanie (@ineedsixeggs) on keys
Norman (@manelorenmusic) on guitar
Xuan KaI (@axekay) on bass
Me on trying my best

sound mixing: norms
videography: me
making this happen: steph
showing up and learning this 30 minutes before: xuan

I mentioned in my coping with depression and anxiety video (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzHDLnjEIgM) that I struggle with my mental health constantly and I hit a really rough patch these two weeks after feeling its onset the past few months. Making and rewatching that video was a good reminder to me on how I can be proactive in helping myself recover or even just function, at least. I think I'll talk about this in an upcoming video but this particular wave came really hard and I didn't know if I would be okay for a while. I don't think I'm 100% still, but maybe 70% and that's already so much better. One thing that always brings me out of it even for a while is being able to make and create and share things so that's why I'm jumping head first into vlogmas. I'm damn lucky to have such talented friends who want to do the same so the making of this cover was honestly great. The entire day was literally a shit storm (heavy rain and flash flooding in school!!!) but because of their company and the music, it made the day okay.

So I hope you enjoy it! Lmk in the comments if you have any requests for covers cos we'd love to make more!

SEE YOU TOMORROW!


⇩ OPEN ME FOR GOOD STUFF

☞ Jewelry
gomargaux.net
@gomargaux on instagram
is it sponsored if i sponsor myself??

» CATCH THESE TOO

I LIVE ALONE | how and why
☞ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XVfE0T3Yhuo&t=22s

Unboxing my Mail
☞ https://youtu.be/h9t7Lxh8uNo

Yesterday's vlog
☞ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1W7fcd00J0s

-

Hello, I'm Brenda - very artsy, a lil fartsy and always keen on creating good content. x

DON'T BE A STRANGER
☞ IG - http://instagram.com/wordweed
☞ BLOG - http://wordweed.blogspot.sg
☞ TWEET TWEET - http://twitter.com/wordweed
☞ FB - fb.me/thewordweed

» I also run an online store for vintage jewellery from New York (and more in other parts of the world!) that I personally source, curate and shoot.
☞ gomargaux.net
☞ @gomargaux on instagram

» BUSINESS INQUIRIES/OPPORTUNITIES
✎ wordweed@gmail.com

▻ Music ◅
us

SUBSCRIBE for new videos every week! https://www.youtube.com/user/joannasohofficial
Ladies, WE ARE NOT MEN! Our body does not function like a MAN, we go through our monthly menstrual cycle, hence our hormones go up and down almost every week. Don’t expect to TRAIN LIKE A MAN! Don't feel bad when you can’t push as hard on certain days but that also doesn’t mean you should just sit back and do nothing.

WATCH this video through to understand the Menstrual Cycle and how we women CAN adjust our exercise routine and also food intake to match our body’s internal rhythms and even help with weight loss.

Joanna Soh is a certified Personal Trainer (ACE), Women’s Fitness Specialist (NASM) and Nutrition Coach (VN), with over 8 years experience.


Link to 28-Day Workout Plan According to Menstrual Cycle: http://joannasoh.com/fitness/fitness-plans/workout-plan-to-train-according-to-your-menstrual-cycle


Period & Exercising: Everything You Need to Know
https://youtu.be/ie9uB2iU97I

Healthy Ways to Overcome Period Cravings
https://youtu.be/nB7cCrik6hM

__________

Stay Connected & Follow us!
Joanna Soh:
http://joannasoh.com/
https://www.instagram.com/joannasohofficial/
https://www.facebook.com/joannasohofficial/
https://www.youtube.com/user/joannasohofficial
https://twitter.com/Joanna_Soh


HER Network:
https://www.hernetwork.tv
https://www.facebook.com/hernetwork.tv
https://www.instagram.com/hernetwork.tv

__________

In general, the menstrual cycle occurs in two phases. On average, it’s a 28-day cycle.

1) FOLLICULAR Phase - Day 1 to Day 14
- Go hard! Do high intensity workouts, lift heavy and perform total body strength training.
- Your body is more tolerant to pain and muscles recover quicker.
- Your body uses Carbs as its main source of fuel.
- You can increase your carb intake slightly especially after an intense workout.


2) LUTEAL Phase - Day 14 to Day 28
- I like to call this phase the “roller coaster” phase.
- this is when all the PMS symptoms start to hit: you might crave for sugar or high fat food, you have bigger appetite, you feel sluggish, you have trouble sleeping, your body retains more water, you feel bloated and you might suffer from mild cramps too.
- Your body turns to FAT AS FUEL instead of carbs.
- Good news, your body is now burning FAT rather than carbs or glycogen. Focus on steady pace cardio to get the most out of your workout.
- This is also when the muscle breakdown increases, hence it takes longer for you to recover from your workout. So choose moderation workout that’s less intense.
- You might lose your motivation BUT power through your workout, as much as possible, eat well and you WILL feel better.


We are all very different and it takes time to really understand your body. If you have this knowledge, you’re able to take advantage of the hormonal benefits and overcome the challenges by adjusting and changing your workout routine and also food intake.

Again, remember this is a guideline as there is very limited research in regards to training with your menstrual cycle. Give it a try, make changes and see what works for you.

__________

MUSIC

Daily Beetle by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1500025
Artist: http://incompetech.com/