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Ha Phong IELTS - Thầy Hà & Phong By Ha Phong IELTS - Thầy Hà & Phong

2021-05-21 21:00:01 有 12 人按讚
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✏️CÁCH VIẾT CÁC DẠNG BÀI IELTS WRITING TASK 2💯

Dưới đây là những hướng dẫn chung nhất để các em có thể hiểu hơn về cấu trúc bài IELTS Writing task 2. Nếu được ủng hộ nhiều like&share, thầy sẽ viết thêm hướng dẫn riêng về từng dạng bài nhé😉

I. Cấu trúc chung của 1 bài task 2:

1. Introduction:
- General statement
- Thesis statement
2. Body paragraphs: Gồm 2 body paragraphs
- Cấu trúc của 1 paragraph:
+ C: Claim
+ R: Reasoning
+ E: Example
+ T: Tieback
- Chức năng:
+ Claim: Đưa ra luận điểm, nhận định của bản thân về câu hỏi trong đề bài
+ Reasoning: Đưa ra những giải thích và chứng minh cho Claim được đưa ra
+ Example: Đưa ra một ví dụ cụ thể (có thể là số liệu, bài báo hoặc trải nghiệm cá nhân) để giúp người đọc hiểu hơn về những lý giải trước đó và làm cho bài viết thuyết phục hơn.
+ Tieback: Tóm gọn lại nội dung của cả đoạn hoặc đưa ra nhận xét về chủ đề được bàn trong đoạn
3. Closing
- Summary
- Suggestion

II. Các dạng đề IELTS và hướng làm bài:

Trong IELTS có 5 dạng bài chính:
1. Opinion essay
Câu hỏi sẽ thường được cho dưới dạng Agree or Disagree
Có 3 hướng để trả lời
Agree: Đưa ra những lý do tại sao bạn đồng tình với ý kiến được đưa ra trong câu hỏi và giải thích.
Disagree: Đưa ra những lý do bạn không đồng tình với ý kiến được đưa ra trong câu hỏi và giải thích
Partly agree: Đưa ra những lý do chứng minh cho cả hai chiều của vấn đề và giải thích
2. Discussion essay
Câu hỏi sẽ thường được đưa ra dưới dạng “Discuss both views and give your own opinion.” hoặc “Which statement so you agree more?”
Bạn cần phải giải thích và chứng minh cho cả hai statements được đưa ra (giống với cách làm của phần partly agree được nêu trên). Tuy nhiên đến cuối bài, cần nêu rõ quan điểm cá nhân rằng bạn đồng ý với ý kiến nào hơn.
Bạn nên viết về ý kiến bạn nghiêng về ở body paragraph 2.
3. Causes and Effects/ Causes and Solutions/ Problems and Solutions essay
Ở dạng đề này, thường ở câu hỏi sẽ đưa ra một hiện tượng. Trách nhiệm của người viết cần phải đưa ra:
Nhân tố gây ra hiện tượng này và cơ chế gây ra (Causes)
Ảnh hưởng của hiện tượng (Có thể là xấu hoặc tốt) hoặc những vấn đề mà hiện tượng này gây ra (Problems)
Những giải pháp để khắc phục những ảnh hưởng và vấn đề xấu (Solutions)
4. Advantage and Disadvantage essay
Tương tự, ở dạng đề này, người viết cần bàn về cả lợi ích và tác hại của một hiện tượng bất kỳ và đưa ra quan điểm cá nhân liệu những cái tác hại có vượt qua lợi ích hay không và ngược lại.
5. Two-part question essay
Ở dạng đề này thường có hai câu hỏi và người viết cần đưa ra những lý do để trả lời cả hai câu hỏi này.

III. Cách động não để tìm ý tưởng

- Các đề bài thường được chia làm hai phần, phần câu dẫn và phần câu hỏi.
- Ở phần câu dẫn, các hiện tượng và vấn đề cần bàn sẽ được đưa ra, người viết cần chú ý đến những cụm từ khoá để xác định được vấn đề cần bàn luận
- Ở phần câu hỏi, người viết sẽ biết được đây là dạng bài gì để có thể đưa ra những lý do chính xác để làm bài và tránh bị lạc đề.
- Sau khi biết được vấn đề cần phải bàn ở đây là gì thì người viết nên suy nghĩ đến những gì mình đã được biết về chủ đề này cũng như nhìn vào bối cảnh của xã hội khi vấn đề này xuất hiện để có thể biết được sức ảnh hưởng của vấn đề. Từ đó, người viết sẽ suy nghĩ để hình thành những mắt xích logic, chứng minh cho những ý kiến đã được nghĩ ra.

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thesis statement example 在 彭文正 Facebook 的最佳解答

彭文正 By 彭文正

2020-06-17 08:24:27 有 623 人按讚
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轉載Chenchen Chen fb
🛠《大家來找碴welcome strict proofreader 》

看到Christopher Chen附在獨立觀察的連結，披露日本記者黑木亮著手調查東京知事小池百合子的埃及開羅大學學歴史，所以整理了文章一半的中英對照如下，另外一半預期周末整理好再另外貼新版。

大家可以比較東京知事和她的大貴人(埃及前副首相Dr Hatem)如何促使她主張她1976年確從埃及開羅大學畢業的做法。台灣媒體不敢報導此日本疑似假學歷的新聞，倒是刷了很多東京知事抗疫好棒棒的中文報導－想必是要洗嬰粉的腦「會做事就好了，學歷有什麼重要」哈哈😄⋯⋯

✳️原文連結： https://jbpress.ismedia.jp/articles/-/60643

🔥偽造大學學位的指控困擾東京都知事小池百合子（Vol.4）
Allegations of fake university degree haunt Tokyo Governor Yuriko Koike (vol.4)

💥自從現任東京都知事小池百合子（Yuriko Koike）於1992年成為國會議員以來，一直有謠言流傳稱，小池百合子（Koike）文飾美化她的學歷。
Ever since the incumbent Governor of Tokyo, Yuriko Koike became a Member of Parliament in 1992, rumors have been circulating that Koike embellished her academic credentials.

小池聲稱自己曾自開羅大學畢業，但是如果以阿拉伯語為母語的人去聽她的阿拉伯語，那麼她公開身為開羅大學畢業生的學歷，似乎就顯得更加可疑了。
Koike claims to have graduated from Cairo University but if an Arabic speaker listens to her Arabic, her published academic credentials as a Cairo University graduate seems more than dubious.

[我有]強有力的證據可以證明她偽造學歷，例如由室友提供的證詞－有紀錄片可查的證詞；小池的自相矛盾的說法表明，儘管第一年不及格，她仍然在四年之內畢業，她的初階程度阿拉伯語，以及關於畢業論文的謊言，和她拒絕向東京都議會提交畢業文件的頑強行為。
There are strong evidence about her fake academic credentials such as testimony by the flatmate supported by documentary evidence, Koike's self-contradictory statement in her book to have graduated in four years despite failing her first year, her rudimentary Arabic, her lie about the graduation thesis and her stubbornness in refusing to submit her graduation documents to the Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly.

身為一個通曉阿拉伯語並從埃及大學（開羅美國大學的中東研究專業）畢業的人，我自有一種任務感，因此我決定對這些指控進行調查。 經過兩年的調查，我找不到任何證據，甚至沒有一絲一毫的最低線索，可以證明小池是從開羅大學畢業的。
Feeling a sense of duty as someone who learnt Arabic and graduated from an Egyptian university (MA, Middle East Studies from the American University in Cairo), I decided to investigate the allegations. After two years of investigation, I could not find any evidence, nor even the slightest hint that Koike graduated from Cairo University.

在這個共由六大部組成的文章中，我詳細介紹了我的調查結果。這裡是第四部的內容：
In this six-part article, I present the results of my investigation in detail.Here is the fourth part of it;

💥小池有符合[埃及大學]轉學資格嗎？
Was Koike eligible to transfer?

"小池在她的書中和其他地方聲稱，她於1972年10月開學以一年級（新鮮人）生身分進入開羅大學。
Koike claims in her books and other places that she entered Cairo University as a first year student (freshman) in October 1972.

但是，她室友在＂假簡歷”紀錄片中說：“小池是於1973年10月以二年級學生身分進入開羅大學。
However, in the ""Fake CV"" the flatmate says, ""Koike entered Cairo University in October 1973 as a second year student.

「小池高興地對我說：“我父親先請當時的哈特姆博士，當時也是埃及副首相，還兼任文化和信息部長，依據我在關西學院大學－是一間日本兵庫縣的私立大學－所上課的幾個月[學程]，加上另外在開羅美國大學的上語言課程的幾個月，一起調整合併當成是我在開羅大學就讀的第一學年[學程時間]。」
Koike happily told me ‘My father asked Dr. Hatem, then Egypt's Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Culture and Information, to swap my few months at Kwansei Gakuin University, a private university in Hyogo prefecture, and a few months at the language course at the American University in Cairo for the first year at Cairo University. ‘

「哈特姆博士接受了這一要求。此外，我的學雜費和申請費全免除了。 」
‘Dr. Hatem accepted the request. In addition, my tuition and admission fees have been waived’ .

這顯然是寫在室友1972年11月19日給她在日本母親的信中的。根據“假簡歷”該部分陳述的內容，她(室友)大部分信都附有信件日期和郵戳。 如果是這樣，他們這些人都將會被埃及法院起訴。
This is apparently written in the flatmate’s letter to her mother in Japan dated 19 November 1972. According to the ""Fake CV"" most of her letters were dated and postmarked. If so, they will be admissible to court."

呈現在“假簡歷”的內容中，含當時也正在埃及另一所大學就讀的另一名日本女性，她說，她對小池當時可以轉入開羅大學二年級就讀感到驚訝。 我(作者：黑木亮)所採訪過的另一位開羅大學的日本畢業生也記得：小池當年是[直接]轉入開羅大學二年級。
In the ""Fake CV"" another Japanese woman who was attending another university in Egypt at the time says she was surprised that Koike had transferred in the second year at Cairo University. Another Japanese graduate of Cairo University whom I interviewed also remembered that Koike had transferred to the second year."

然而，轉學到包括開羅大學在內的埃及國立大學訂有嚴格的規定。為了進行轉學，學生必須在另一所大學獲得與埃及國立大學課程相同或相似的內容和學習時數的學分，並且必須獲得一定程度的成績。 開羅大學轉學中心辦公室向我證實了這一點。
However, strict rules are in place to transfer to Egypt's state universities, including Cairo University. In order to transfer, a student must have earned credits at another university with the same or similar content and number of hours as the Egyptian state university’s curriculum and must have earned a certain number of grades. This was confirmed to me by the Central Transfers Office of Cairo University.

例如，在2016-17學年，如果學生希望：
－轉學到工程或醫學學院，則必須從其他大學獲得至少imtiyaaz（優秀）成績。
－轉學實務研究學院，則必須從其他大學獲得至少jaiid jiddab(非常好)的成績。
－轉學理論學習研究學院，則必須從其他大學獲得至少jaiid (好)的成績。
In the case of the 2016-17 academic year, for example, students are required to have at least imtiyaaz (excellent) grade from other university if the student wishes to transfer to the Faculty of Engineering or Medicine and at least jaiid jiddan (very good) grade in the case of faculties of practical study and at least jaiid (good) grade for those of theoretical study.

前面如曾經提到的記者，達莉亞·施貝爾（Dalia Shibel）這樣告訴我：“在埃及，國立大學和私立大學是兩個完全不同的系統。即使您在開羅的美國大學學習了10年並獲得了必要的學分，您還是必須從開羅(國立)大學的一年級學生重新開始。這是我國的法律”。 因此，像小池這樣沒有在另一所大學讀完一年（也沒有獲得任何學分）的人是完全不可能被核准轉學的。
The aforementioned journalist Dalia Shibel told me that ""In Egypt state universities and private universities are two completely different systems. Even if you study at the American University in Cairo for 10 years obtaining necessary credits, you have to start as a first year student in Cairo University. This is the law of our country"". Therefore it is totally impossible that a person like Koike who has not finished a year at another university (and has not earned any credits) would be allowed to transfer."

小池最多只在關西學院大學學習了幾個月。 她在開羅的美國大學CASA那裡學習阿拉伯語只是一所語言學校，不提供任何學分或學位。 如果像一些日本人指出的那樣，小池真果真是在1973年轉入開羅大學第二年級的話，那不過是欺詐性的轉學而已。 這意味著她從一開始就沒有資格畢業。
Koike only attended Kwansei Gakuin University for several months at most. CASA at the American University in Cairo where she learnt Arabic is just a language school and does not offer any credits or degrees. If, as some Japanese people point out, Koike actually transferred to the second year at Cairo University in 1973, that is nothing but a fraudulent transfer. That means she was not eligible for graduation from the beginning.

💥關於小池入學許可的問題並沒有得到答案
No answer to the question about Koike’s admittance

2019年，有51人因以慈善機構樂捐名義為幌子，賄賂美國一個組織而受到起訴，該組織通過提升名人和其他人的孩子的SAT（大學才能測驗）分數，以欺詐手段允許他們的子女因此能夠進入著名的大學。
In 2019, 51 people were prosecuted in the United States for paying bribes under the guise of charity to an organization that allows celebrities and others to increase their children's SAT (college aptitude test) scores and fraudulently admit them to prestigious universities.

其中一位女演員費利西蒂·霍夫曼（Felicity Huffman）曾出演電視劇《欲望師奶(台灣翻譯)》，被判處14天監禁，並於去年10月在加利福尼亞州的女性監獄中被監禁。 霍夫曼的女兒索菲亞（Sophia）尚未上大學，據報導他將重考SAT。
One of them, actress Felicity Huffman, who starred in the TV drama Desperate Housewives, was sentenced to 14 days in prison and was incarcerated last October in a women's prison in California. Huffman's daughter Sophia has not enrolled in college and is reported to be retaking the SAT.

斯坦福大學以’非合法入學申請’為由，開除一名中國學生，原因在於他的父母為了可以濫用體育贊助(入學)名額，使他得以註冊該校學習課程，向該(同一)組織支付了650萬美元。
Stanford University expelled a Chinese student, whose parents paid $6.5 million to the organization for misusing a sports endorsement slot to enroll in the program, citing irregularities in submissions.

由於小池似乎未達到轉學入埃及國立大學的要求，因此我致信小池，詢問小池是在1972年還是1973年被錄取，但未得到任何答复（有關我詢問的信件內容，以及小池回應的所有完整文件，將在此報告的稍後部分中顯示）。
As Koike does not appear to have fulfilled the requirements for transferring to a state university in Egypt, I sent a letter to Koike, to ask whether she was admitted in 1972 or 1973 but received no response (the full text of my questions to and response from Koike will appear later in this report).

開羅大學是阿拉伯世界著名的大學之一，醫學，工程學，經濟和政治學係有許多優秀的埃及學生。 但是，該校在全球地位並不是很高。
Cairo University is one of the prominent universities in the Arab world and there are many excellent Egyptian students in the Faculties of Medicine, Engineering, and Economics and Political Science. However, its global standing is not very high.

在英國Quacquarelli Symonds Ltd.發布的2020年QS世界大學排名中，開羅大學在全球排名521-530，在埃及排名第二，與日本的熊本大學和長崎大學相當。 埃及最好的大學是開羅的美國大學（私立和美國認可大學），在世界上排名第395（與日本神戶大學並列）。 埃及排名第三的是艾因沙姆斯大學，亞歷山大大學和阿修特大學（所有國立大學），在世界範圍內排名第801-1000。
In the 2020 edition of the QS World University Rankings published by Quacquarelli Symonds Ltd. in the United Kingdom, Cairo University ranks 521-530 in the world and second in Egypt, on par with Kumamoto University and Nagasaki University in Japan. The best university in Egypt is the American University in Cairo (private and American-accredit university) which ranks 395th in the world (tied with Kobe University in Japan). Third place in Egypt are Ain Shams University, Alexandria University, and Assiut University (all state universities) which rank 801-1000th in the world.

💥小池與Abdel-Kader Hatem博士的關係
Koike’s Connections with Dr. Abdel-Kader Hatem

協助小池進行了“可能是欺詐性轉學＂的埃及政客的名字出現在“假經歷”這部分的內容中。 這個室友證明，小池在1973年通過著名的埃及政治家阿卜杜勒·卡德爾·哈特姆博士的關係轉入開羅大學二年級。
The name of an Egyptian politician who assisted Koike's possible ""fraudulent transfer"" appears in the ""Fake CV"". The flatmate testifies that Koike transferred to the second grade at Cairo University in 1973 through the connections of Dr. Abdel- Kader Hatem, a prominent Egyptian politician."

Hatem於1917年生於亞歷山大。他畢業於軍事學院和開羅大學。 他參與了1952年的埃及革命（是一個推翻君主制的政變，次年埃及共和國成立），當時他是在由Gamal Abdel Nasser中校領導的自由軍運動中的一名年輕成員。
Hatem was born in Alexandria in 1917. A graduate of the Military Academy and Cairo University. He participated in the Egyptian revolution in 1952 (a coup to overthrow the monarchy which was followed by the foundation of the republic the following year) as a young member of the Free Officers Movement led by then Lieutenant Colonel Gamal Abdel Nasser.

他於1957年成為國民議會議員，總統府副部長，1959年廣播電視國務部長，1962年文化部長，國家指導和旅遊部長，1971年副首相兼文化信息部長 ，曾任全國專業委員會常務理事兼埃及-日本友好協會主席。 他於2015年去世，享年97歲。
He became a member of the National Assembly in 1957, Deputy Minister in the Presidential Office, Minister of State for Radio and Television in 1959, Minister of Culture and Minister of National Guidance and Tourism in 1962, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Culture and Information in 1971, then longtime General Supervisor of the Specialized National Councils and President of the Egyptian-Japanese Friendship Association. He died in 2015 at the age of 97.

1974年2月，當時掌控文化和信息的副首相，哈特姆，以正式外賓的身份訪問了日本，並會見了日本首相田中角榮，副首相三木武夫，並參觀了皇宮與天皇會面。 1982年，他被日本政府授予＂旭日東昇頭等大勳章”。
In February 1974, Hatem, who was then the Deputy Prime Minister in charge of Culture and Information visited Japan as an official guest and met Japan’s Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka, Deputy Prime Minister Takeo Miki and visited the Imperial Palace to meet the Emperor. In 1982 he was awarded the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun, First Class by the Japanese government.

"在1974年Hatem訪日之際，日本駐埃及大使Tsutomu Wada在1974年2月12日給日本外交大臣的正式電報中寫道：“埃及政治的最新發展，哈特姆副首相的職位（曾擔任首相的代理者）得到了進一步鞏固，正如我經常報導的那樣，埃及副首相在6名媒體記者的陪同下訪問日本，這是非同尋常的，這清楚地表明了哈特姆博士的權力，並表明了他認為這次訪問的重要性。”
On the occasion of Hatem's visit to Japan in 1974 the Japanese Ambassador to Egypt Tsutomu Wada wrote in an official telegram dated 12 February 1974 to the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Japan ""As a result of recent developments in Egyptian politics the position of Deputy Prime Minister Hatem (who had been acting as a substitute for the Prime Minister) has been further strengthened as I have often reported. It is remarkable for an Egyptian Deputy Prime Minister to visit Japan accompanied by 6 media reporters and that clearly shows Dr. Hatem’s power. It also shows how important he thinks this visit is."""

"哈特姆的阿拉伯文傳記《阿卜杜勒·卡德·哈特姆日記-十月戰爭政府首腦》於2016年在開羅出版（由埃及記者易卜拉欣·阿卜杜勒·阿齊茲撰寫）指出，哈特姆與中曾根康弘保持著良好的關係， 自1954年起擔任日本前首相，中曾根將當時的在校學生，小池百合子－他朋友的女兒，介紹給哈特姆，哈特姆照顧小池，小池稱哈特姆為教父，並給了小池零用錢， 每月14埃及鎊。(小池在《長袖和服的金字塔攀登》第250頁上寫道，她每月從埃及政府獲得12英鎊的獎學金）。
🌐Chenchen註：Furisode是日本年輕未婚女性穿著的最正式的和服風格－以長袖為其特色，小池應是以Furisode做為自己的意象代名詞，唯美的描繪她以一介日本年輕嬌嬌女，如何在陌生的中東環境－埃及地，逐步攀登權力金字塔。中東地區非常保守，不但男尊女卑，金字塔也不容許遊客任意攀登，更何況是穿著舉步維艱的長袖正式和服，所以小池以一個浮誇的畫面來增飾自己在埃及留學生活的映象。
The Arabic-language biography of Hatem “The Diary of Abdel-Kader Hatem - Head of the October War Government"" published in Cairo in 2016 (written by an Egyptian journalist Ibrahim Abdel Aziz) states that Hatem had been on good terms with Yasuhiro Nakasone, former Prime Minister of Japan, since 1954 and that Nakasone introduced Yuriko Koike to him, a student at that time, as the daughter of his friend. Hatem took care of Koike. Koike called Hatem a god-father, and he gave Koike an allowance of 14 Egyptian pounds a month (Koike wrote on page 250 of “Furisode Climbing the Pyramid"" that she received a scholarship of 12 pounds a month from the Egyptian government)."

Abdel-Kader Hatem與中曾根康弘
Abdel-Kader Hatem with Yasuhiro Nakasone

"另一方面，小池於1985年出版的書《音譯：Onna女性 no 的Jinmyaku-Zukuri人脈建立 (（我如何以女人的身分經營人脈關係）》指出，她的父親（小池裕郎）很早就認識中曾根。她本人是在小學時代即已見到中曾根，在每個冬天，中曾根都向家人送去了一堆在中曾根選舉區群馬縣產的韭菜，並與他的兄弟一起吃了。
On the other hand Koike's book, ""Onna no Jinmyaku-Zukuri (How I made personal connections as a woman)"" published in 1985 states that her father (Yujiro Koike) had known Nakasone for a long time. She herself first met Nakasone when she was an elementary school student, every winter Nakasone sent her family a bunch of leeks produced in Gunma prefecture, Nakasone’s electoral district, and she ate them with his* brother." 🌐*Chenchen註：應該是She ate them with HER brother.,,

1973年10月6日，埃及爆發了十月戰爭（Yom Kippur War）。 埃及和敘利亞軍隊對部署在蘇伊士運河和戈蘭高地的以色列部隊發動了進攻，試圖奪回1967年六日戰爭（六月戰爭）中以色列佔領的領土。
🌐Chenchen註：這是知名的第四次以阿戰爭，後來引發第一次石油危機，各界認為這是阿拉伯國家在二戰之後，第一次聯手反對西方帝國主義。維基百科：贖罪日戰爭，又稱第四次以阿戰爭、齋月戰爭、十月戰爭...起源於埃及與敘利亞分別攻擊六年前被以色列佔領的西奈半島和戈蘭高地。戰爭的頭一至兩日埃敘聯盟佔了上風，但此後戰況逆轉。至第二周，敘軍退出戈蘭高地。在西奈，以軍在兩軍之間攻擊，越過原來的停火線蘇伊士運河。直到聯合國停火令生效為止，以軍甚至包圍了埃及的主力部隊。 https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E8%B4%96%E7%BD%AA%E6%97%A5%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD

On 6 October 1973, the October War (Yom Kippur War) broke out in Egypt. Egyptian and Syrian forces launched an attack on Israeli forces deployed in the Suez Canal and Golan Heights in an attempt to recapture territory occupied by Israel in the Six Day War (June War) in 1967.

"為了支持埃及和敘利亞，阿拉伯石油輸出國組織（OAPEC）將石油價格提高了1.4倍，並引發了第一次石油危機。 日本被OAPEC視為“不友好”國家之一，由於採取了削減石油供應的措施，日本遭受了經濟危機。 日本政府派副首相三木武夫和前外交大臣小坂健太郎等人前往沙烏地阿拉伯，埃及和阿爾及利亞，要求這些國家將日本改變為“友好國家”類別（所謂的“石油乞討外交”）。 。
In support of Egypt and Syria, the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC), raised oil prices by 1.4 times and caused the First Oil Crisis. Japan was considered one of the ""unfriendly"" countries by OAPEC and suffered an economic crisis as a result of measures to cut oil supplies. The Japanese government sent Deputy Prime Minister Takeo Miki and former Foreign Minister Zentaro Kosaka and others to Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Algeria to ask those countries to change Japan to a ""friendly country"" category (the so-called ""oil begging diplomacy"")."

(待續...或是直接點原文連結)
https://jbpress.ismedia.jp/articles/-/60643

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2017-02-21 22:03:13 有 76 人按讚
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談英文寫作——邏輯到底哪裡怪怪的？
#認同請分享

我最近在輔導一些寫作的時候，發現很多人都不是英文能力的問題，而是「寫作邏輯」出現障礙。

我開始回頭檢討，為什麼就連許多高材生也會在寫作上邏輯不通？許多數理方面相當優秀的人，理當邏輯比我好上幾倍（FYI 我是個數學奇才⋯⋯奇差無比），但在敘述一件事的時候卻似乎沒什麼邏輯。

舉例來說（舉例很重要嘛），在問「通訊軟體是否阻礙了人與人之間的交流」時，反對方常會出現「因為手機很方便」，「因為手機很普及」這類的主題句，然後通篇都在說明手機的便利性與普及性。這些只是手機的「優點」，不代表它不會阻礙人與人之間的交流呀，對吧？

前陣子我在家教一個國中的聰明寶寶，我都丟一些有趣的托福作文題目跟她討論（虐待），我問她說「耐心是不是總是最好的策略」？她馬上說反對，她說：只有耐心等待而不行動，機會不會到自己身上，隨後又舉例中國寓言「守株待兔」的故事，結論是這個農夫很耐心的等待兔子再次撞上門，而不是去打獵兔子，所以最後什麼都沒得到，田還都乾枯了；所以人不能只有耐心。我簡直目瞪口呆，不知道是我虐待有方，還是她就是個聰明寶寶？

又前陣子我找到了我國中時期寫的英文作文，讀了一下發現很有趣的是：我的字彙非常有限，但是思考是很有邏輯的。主題句都有呼應到題目；主題句後支持的細節也都呼應了主題句的立場；有頭有尾，簡直人模人樣。

所以我又重新思考了為什麼大家英文能力都很強，寫作邏輯卻怪怪的？

我直接想到的是「高中英文作文」，高中英文作文考的是「看圖說故事」，和論述一點關係也沒有（不清楚指考）。為什麼不能教論述性的文章？Thesis statement, topic sentence, detail and example. 這些觀念一定是高中生可以掌握的內容，思考和語言邏輯是很好的訓練。我們的高中英文課，卻完全不提該怎麼用西方的邏輯與架構論述一件事情，而是盲目地增加字彙量與學習複雜的文法，最後變成只有辭藻與長難句，而沒有架構可言的英文寫作。

我們的英文寫作深深受到中文敘事邏輯的影響。中文的敘事是一個「正三角形」：起承轉合，由小漸大，擅長以「倒敘法」、「埋兵伏將法」等手法來製造懸而未決的效果；然而英文的寫作邏輯是個「倒三角形」：從主旨句到主題句，最後是例子，一一開展，逐步縮小。我絕對沒有認為哪一種敘事方式比較優越（FYI#2 我是中文系的，不會自己打臉啦），兩種敘事傳統都在文學的歷史上創造經典。但在現代，若有人在中文寫作時開始列出論點、一一舉例，可能會被認為很八股、沒有生意；於此同時，用埋伏筆的方式，曖昧朦朧的在英文寫作中描述論點，也會被西方人認為隔靴搔癢，不著邊際。所以換個位子也請換個腦袋，重新接收一套新的論述方式。常聽到一句「我是不是這邊加幾句就好」，不對，絕對不是幾句話的問題，是整個思考方式都要換掉唷。

對於考托福的同學而言，雖然訓練寫作的過程很辛苦，但恭喜你可以很幸運的能看見另一個世界，突破「看圖說故事」。外國的月亮未必比較圓，但你眼中的稿紙可能在我眼中的綠豆糕，所以還沒看見怎麼能下定論呢？

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我是Lily Chen 加拿大McGill University第二語言教育碩士 我在YouTube分享關於語言學習、留學與托福的影片
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thesis statement example 在 コバにゃんチャンネル Youtube 的最佳貼文

コバにゃんチャンネル By コバにゃんチャンネル

2021-10-01 13:19:08 有 9 人看過 有 1 人喜歡
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コバにゃんチャンネル

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コバにゃん☆です?
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大象中醫 By 大象中醫

2021-10-01 13:10:45 有 0 人看過 有 0 人喜歡
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大象中醫

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長照是一個劇變的旋轉舞台 百年難得一見 沒有準備的人 被旋轉舞台甩出去 不是坐下就是躺下 而大象中醫是太極的推手 推動著旋轉舞台 讓 所有爬不起來的人 背後有一股推手力量 支撐再站起來
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長照是一個劇變的旋轉舞台 百年難得一見 沒有準備的人 被旋轉舞台甩出去 不是坐下就是躺下 而大象中醫是太極的推手 推動著旋轉舞台 讓 所有爬不起來的人 背後有一股推手力量 支撐再站起來
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#21. How To Write A Strong Thesis Statement | Thesaurus.com

Introduction: My hero is Amelia Earhart, because she was very brave, did things many women of her time did not do, and was a hard worker.

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#48. Create a Thesis Statement - Fay School

Here is a formula for drafting a thesis statement, using three key words: ... Here are two examples, each taking a different side of the capital punishment ...

#49. Writing a Thesis Statement - University of Western Australia

Example. Thesis statement: With growing demands to meet student needs, face-to-face lectures will be non- existent in Australian universities by 2030.

#50. Literary Criticism: thesis examples - UTA

These sample thesis statements are provided as guides, not as required forms or prescriptions. The thesis may focus on an analysis of one of the ...

#51. How to write a thesis statement for an informative essay

the expulsion of two students." • Example of usable thesis: "Cases of alcohol abuse in high schools across. America have increased in number and severity ...

#52. Thesis Statements | UCLA History

Your thesis statement is one of the most important parts of your paper. ... For example, a counterargument might be that most women were eager to return to ...

#53. Thesis statement sentence examples Thepositiveplanners.com.

William lay awake all night, terrified that he might die in his sleep and go straight to hell. Sheldon, thesis statement sentence examples seeing that everyone ...

#54. Thesis Statements

A thesis statement expresses the central idea of your paper. ... Bad example: There are currently many gas-saving devices on the market.

#55. Thesis Statements

A thesis statement is the main idea of an essay. It consists of the topic of the ... Use your answers to specific questions to create a thesis. For example:.

#56. How to write a Thesis Statement | Examples & Definition

For example, if the topic is Mark Twain's novel Huckleberry Finn, the thesis statement offers a way to understand and interpret this novel by focusing on ...

#57. The Thesis Statement - Guide to Grammar and Writing

Although it is certainly possible to write a good essay without a thesis statement (many narrative essays, for example, contain only an implied thesis ...

#58. Effective Introductions and Thesis Statements - University of ...

Example of an introduction: Innocent people murdered because of the hysteria of young girls! Many people believe that the young girls who accused citizens of ...

#59. Best Thesis Statement Examples with Expert Comments

Example : Fast food is bad for your health. Comment: This thesis statement lacks focus and arguments. Example: Adolescents lack the understanding ...

#60. Developing A Thesis | - Harvard Writing Center

After reading your thesis statement, the reader should think, ... For example, a political observer might believe that Dukakis lost because he suffered from ...

#61. Thesis Statements: What They Are, What To Include ... - Indeed

For example, consider an English course with an assignment to write about how World War II influenced literature. Your thesis statement should ...

#62. The Thesis Statement - Library, Information, and Technology ...

This is only an example.) Your thesis statement should be as specific as possible. Length-wise, it can be anywhere between a single sentence ...

#63. Essay thesis statement - OWLL - Massey University

For example, if you have been given the assignment question “Why is Human Resource Planning a good idea for NZ organisations?” your thesis ...

#64. THESIS SENTENCE TEMPLATES

thesis sentence template is the basic machinery of a thesis sentence, ... proposition is a statement that establishes the truth or falsity of some-.

#65. Thesis Statements

The smaller points that form your detailed argument should flow from your thesis. SAMPLE: ARGUMENT THESIS STATEMENT. In an American academic essay, ...

#66. 8.1 Developing a Strong, Clear Thesis Statement

A worthy argument is backed by examples and details. Forcefulness. A thesis statement that is forceful shows readers that you are, in fact, making an argument.

#67. Creating a Thesis Statement | School of Social Work

I would like to offer some support on how to create a thesis statement. The following information is ... Tips and Examples for Writing Thesis Statements.

#68. Thesis Statements and Introductions - Bucks County ...

Not only does the introduction contain your thesis statement, but it provides the initial impression of your ... Begin with an example of your topic.

#69. How To Write The Perfect Thesis Statement For Your Masters ...

Your Masters Thesis Statement Is A Crucial Roadmap To The Rest Of Your Paper. ... For example, “While there is a general consensus about differences in ...

#70. Rhetorical Analysis Thesis Statements - Virginia Wesleyan ...

A strong thesis statement for a rhetorical analysis essay… ... Examples of strong thesis statements for rhetorical analysis:.

#71. Thesis Statements | NMU Writing Center

... thesis statement will explain what you are analyzing, the parts of your analysis, and the order in which you will be presenting your analysis. Example:

#72. Thesis statement - Wikipedia

There are two types of thesis statements: direct and indirect. The indirect thesis statement does not state the explicit reasons, while the direct thesis ...

#73. Thesis Statement - University of Manitoba

A strong thesis statement articulates the unifying theme of an academic paper. It may present an ... Reading example essays can provide a sense of what is.

#74. Tips on Writing a Thesis Statement - Gustavus Adolphus College

The thesis statement is the sentence that states the main idea of a ... An example of this could be: John Updike's Trust Me is a valuable novel for a ...

#75. How To Write A Thesis Statement - EssayEdge

An academic essay requires a strong thesis statement. Learn more about format, and see examples of weak and strong thesis statements.

#76. Research Foundations: Develop a Thesis Statement - LibGuides

Read the sections below for more information and view examples. 1. Focused. Focus on a single position or point of view in your thesis ...

#77. 15 Thesis Statement Examples to Inspire Your Next ... - Kibin

15 Thesis Statement Examples · #1. Vaccinations should be mandatory · #2. Government surveillance is harmful · #3. Organ donors should be ...

#78. Better Thesis Statements - Prescott College Library

Here are some examples of simple claims you could make after reading and reflecting in preparation for writing your paper: Politicians should use language ...

#79. Where Should a Thesis Statement Be Placed - Austin ...

A thesis statement is usually at the end of an introductory paragraph. The sentences that precede the sentence will introduce it, and the sentences that ...

#80. Thesis statement - Analyse the brief - UniSkills

Draft thesis statement examples. You may find that it helps to prepare a draft thesis statement based on your assessment of the assignment ...

#81. The Procedure Of Writing A Thesis Statement - EssayMin

An example of a non-debatable thesis statement reads like this: Pollution is bad for the environment. In ...

#82. 45 Perfect Thesis Statement Templates (+ Examples)

A thesis statement plays an important part when it comes to writing essays. You can use these free thesis statement templates to write an effective essay.

#83. Thesis Statement Examples - SoftSchools.com

Thesis Statement Examples · 1. The moral of this novel is that love always wins. · 2. Those running for President should be held to a higher standard of ethical ...

#84. How to Write a Thesis Statement

For example: Topic: Hockey. Thesis: Wayne Gretzky will be considered as the best center in NHL history. ***This thesis is a complete sentence, an interesting ...

#85. Thesis Statements and Topic Sentences - George Brown ...

Paragraphs supporting these points in your essay will appear in the same order as they are listed in the path statement. Here is an example of a path statement:.

#86. How to Write a Strong Thesis Statement - MasterClass

3 Examples of Thesis Statements. The qualities that make a great thesis statement vary depending on your writing format. Here are some ways a ...

#87. Best Thesis Statement Examples - Student's Guide to Writing

For feedback, complaints, or inquiries, contact us. · Inflation heats up again as US consumer spending surges in October · Top skills for today's ...

#88. Thesis statements | Writing and Communication Centre

Example Strategies to increase reliance on natural gas are not effective against climate change. Instead, policymakers should focus on geothermal heating for ...

#89. 3 Point Thesis Statement Examples - English Grammar Here

3 Point Thesis Statement Examples · Children's use of social media is a highly debated issue. · Nature holidays and sea holidays are quite common holiday types.

#90. Thesis Statements | KU Writing Center

Here is a second example illustrating the formulation of another thesis statement. First, read this sentence that includes both topic and focusing comment:.

#91. THESIS STATEMENTS

Example : “The Epic of Gilgamesh is the story of Gilgamesh's quest for immortality.” This is not an argument. It's just a statement, a summary of the book. “In ...

#92. Thesis Statements

Weak Thesis Statements: A strong thesis makes a claim. The thesis should clearly convey your position on a subject. For example, if you are writing a paper.

#93. HOW TO DEVELOP A WORKING THESIS

A thesis statement is the one-sentence expression of your argument. ... EXAMPLE: Greeting cards (paper's topic) reflect the changes in twentieth century ...

#94. Thesis Statements | Essay Writing

Either way, your introduction should gradually lead up to your thesis. What makes for a good thesis? To answer, this question, let's look at some examples.

#95. How to Write a Thesis Statement - wikiHow