關於 security dilemma ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

MAJLIS HIGH TECH NATION KETENGAHKAN TEKNOLOGI MASA HADAPAN

Semalam saya telah mempengerusikan Mesyuarat Majlis High-Tech Nation yang bertujuan merangka hala tuju teknologi sedia ada dan masa hadapan yang berpotensi untuk dibangunkan di Malaysia. Majlis ini juga akan melaporkan sebarang perkembangan secara terus kepada Majlis Sains Negara yang dipengerusikan oleh Perdana Menteri.

Program dan dasar yang akan dibentuk di bawah majlis ini adalah berpandukan kepada kerangka MySTIE 10-10 serta Dasar Sains, Teknologi dan Inovasi (DSTIN) 2021-2030 yang telah saya lancarkan minggu lalu. Sebanyak 30 bidang keutamaan telah dikenal pasti menerusi rangka kerja ini dan majlis ini akan merapatkan jurang yang wujud bagi memastikan ia dapat memberi kesan maksimum kepada setiap bidang keutamaan.

Majlis ini juga akan mengambil peranan secara proaktif dalam mengetengahkan teknologi masa hadapan yang akan melonjakkan kedudukan negara sebagai peneraju teknologi.

Saya juga telah memilih untuk mengutamakan beberapa program, hala tuju dan dasar agar sesuai dengan keperluan masa kini yang mendesak.

Antara cadangan yang telah dibentangkan semalam adalah berkenaan perubatan kepersisan (precision medicine) daripada Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia (KKM). Perubatan kepersisan berasaskan teknologi data raya ini berupaya mendiagnos serta merancang perubatan yang berkualiti dan terjamin bagi seseorang pesakit.

Selain itu, Institut Penyelidikan Hidraulik Kebangsaan Malaysia (NAHRIM) juga telah membentangkan Hala Tuju Inovasi Air Negara yang akan menjamin keselamatan air. Menerusi hala tuju ini, sebanyak lima program telah dikenal pasti iaitu sungai yang bersih, rizab margin air, sistem air pintar, pengurangan risiko bencana dan pembiayaan air.

Kementerian Sains, Teknologi dan Inovasi (MOSTI) pula telah membentangkan 9 hala tuju yang sedang dibangunkan oleh agensi-agensi di bawah kementerian. Kesemua hala tuju yang akan dibentangkan pada pertengahan 2021 ini akan memacu kerajaan untuk merangka pelaburan serta memformulasi dasar terbaik dalam pembangunan teknologi-teknologi tersebut. Pelan itu antara lain akan merangkumi: blok rantai (blockchain); nanoteknologi; robotik; hidrogen; kecerdasan buatan (AI); litar bersepadu dan bahan termaju (advanced materials)

Akademi Sains Malaysia telah membentangkan cadangan untuk menginstitusikan sebuah badan pemecut pengkomersialan teknologi (Tech-Commercialisation Accelerator) bagi mengetuai dan mengkoordinasi usaha-usaha penyelidikan beradasarkan perniagaan serta ekonomi. Penyelidikan dan pembangunan (R&D) serta sistem penyampaian ini akan dibuat berasaskan permintaan serta keperluan pasaran untuk inovasi-inovasi penganggu (disruptive innovations). Saya akan mengumumkan lebih lanjut mengenai perkara ini sedikit masa lagi.

Institut Penyelidikan Keselamatan Jalan Raya Malaysia (MIROS) telah membentangkan kertas kerja ‘Teknologi Motosikal: Penyelesaian Kepada Dilema Kemajuan Ekonomi-Keselamatan’ dan menjelaskan bahawa 66 peratus daripada kematian di jalan raya melibatkan kemalangan motosikal. Kami berharap untuk memberi insentif dalam pembangunan, pengaplikasian dan penggunaan teknologi sedia ada serta akan datang bagi memperbaiki kebolehcapaian kesemua aspek keselamatan jalan raya. Bidang yang berpotensi untuk dibangunkan termasuklah teknologi pengujian serta verifikasi, teknologi penghindaran kemalangan, teknologi mengurangkan kecederaan (dalam kemalangan), teknologi pemaduan kembali sosial (social reintegration technology-merujuk kepada teknologi respons pintar awal dan pemulihan) serta teknologi pengurusan dan perancangan strategik.

Kementerian Alam Sekitar dan Air pula telah membentangkan Hala Tuju Inovasi Teknologi Hijau Kebangsaan yang mensasarkan penggunaan teknologi hijau menjelang 2030 bagi memastikan kemampanan alam sekitar negara. Inovasi-inovasi sektoral di bawah pelan ini termasuk perolehan hijau kerajaan, teknologi grid pintar, proses perindustrian hijau, pengawasan sungai melalui Internet Segala Benda (IoT), skim Waste to Energy (WTE) and wealth, pengaplikasian bangunan hijau dan pintar, kenderaan cekap tenaga dan kenderaan elektrik, pertanian bandar serta IoT pengawasan hutan.

Akhir sekali, dalam kita mengadaptasi perubahan tingkah laku akibat COVID-19, saya telah meminta MOSTI menyediakan satu kertas kerja mengenai Inisiatif Infrastruktur dan Ekonomi Sentuhan Rendah. Ini memerlukan anjakan paradigma bukan sahaja dalam cara kita berinteraksi sesama sendiri, malahan dengan dunia secara keseluruhan. Antaranya termasuklah penggosok lantai berautonomi, robot pembantu (membawa barangan) dan sistem pengurusan sisa pintar di pasar-pasar awam. MOSTI juga telah melancarkan penggunaan robot di hospital dengan kerjasama KKM serta memulakan modul robotik, dron serta AI di ladang-ladang bersama FELDA. Beberapa inisiatif ini akan direalisasikan di bawah Sandbox Teknologi dan Inovasi Nasional (NTIS).

Kebanyakan progam, hala tuju dan dasar sedia ada selama ini telah dimajukan secara berasingan atau bersendirian oleh pelbagai kementerian dan agensi. Majlis High Tech Nation adalah permulaan baharu kepada cara kita membangun dan mengaplikasi teknologi dalam negara bagi memastikan segalanya selaras dan koheren dengan keperluan nasional.

KHAIRY JAMALUDDIN
MENTERI SAINS, TEKNOLOGI DAN INOVASI
18 DECEMBER 2020

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HIGH-TECH NATION COUNCIL WILL CHAMPION UPCOMING TECHNOLOGIES

Yesterday, I chaired the first High-Tech Nation Council meeting, which aims to give strategic direction regarding existing and upcoming technology that has the potential to be developed in Malaysia. The High-Tech Nation Council will report directly to the National Science Council, which is chaired by the Prime Minister.

The programmes, roadmaps and policies under the High-Tech Nation Council are driven by the mySTIE 10-10 and National Science, Technology and Innovation Policy 2021-2030 that I launched last week. 30 niche areas were identified under this framework, and the High-Tech Nation Council will aim to fill in any gaps we have identified to make sure that there is maximum impact in these areas.

This Council will be proactive and champion upcoming technologies that we need to embark on as a nation to position us at the forefront of what is current and what is cutting-edge.

I have chosen to prioritise some of the programmes, roadmaps and policies in line with pressing national needs.

Some of the papers presented yesterday include the Ministry of Health’s paper on precision medicine, which takes a personalised, predictive, preventive and participatory approach to medicine. This will be layered together with big-data analytics to give personalised recommendations to each person.

National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM) presented on the National Water Innovation Roadmap, to guarantee national water security. This involves five programmes; Clean River, Reserve Margin, Smart Water, Disaster Risk Reduction, and Water Financing.

The Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation presented nine roadmaps that are currently being developed under our agencies. All of these roadmaps will be unveiled by the middle of 2021. These roadmaps will guide our investments and policy direction in rolling out these technologies. They will cover: blockchain, nanotechnology, robotics, hydrogen, artificial intelligence, integrated circuits and advanced materials among others.

The Academy of Sciences presented on institutionalising a Tech-Commercialisation Accelerator, to spearhead and coordinate economic-oriented research in the form of demand-driven R&D and market-driven delivery systems for disruptive innovations. I will be announcing this in due course.

The Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS) also presented on Motorcycle Technology: Solving a Dilemma between Economic Development and Safety. 66% of the fatalities on the road involve motorcycles. We hope to incentive the development, application and deployment of existing and future technologies to improve accessibility and all aspects of road safety. Potential areas we are looking at include testing and verification technology, crash avoidance technology, injury mitigation technology (in event of crash), social reintegration technology (which refers to smart first response and rehabilitation technology), and management and strategic planning technology.

The Ministry of Environment and Water presented the National Green Technology Innovation Roadmap, which aims to leverage green technology innovation for an environmentally sustainable Malaysia by 2030. Sectoral innovations under this roadmap include government green procurement, smart grid technology, green industrial process, IoT river monitoring, Waste to Energy and Wealth schemes, application of smart and green buildings, energy efficiency vehicles & electric vehicles, vertical & urban farming, and IoT forest monitoring.

Lastly, but not least, in line with behavioural changes due to COVID-19, I asked MOSTI to prepare a paper on Low-Touch Infrastructure and Economic Initiatives. These will require a paradigm shift in how we look interact both with each other and the world around us. Some of the low-touch initiatives we have quickly identified include autonomous floor scrubbers, autonomous power assist robots (to carry your goods) and smart waste management systems in public markets. We’ve also launched robotics in hospitals together with MOH, and robotics, drones and artificial intelligence modules in plantations together with FELDA. Some of these initiatives will be realised via the National Technology & Innovation Sandbox.

Many of these programmes, roadmaps, and policies have existed and been implemented in silos by different ministries and agencies. This is just the start of how we relook at the development and application of technology in this country, to ensure everything is in line with our national needs and part of a coherent whole.

KHAIRY JAMALUDDIN
MINISTER OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION
18 DECEMBER 2020

See No Elephant, Only Conspiracies (Lee Yee)

Yesterday, Legislative Council (LegCo) member Eddie Chu Hoi-dick posted on his Facebook page that he originally shared my idea before changing his mind to support the primary election and eventually participated in it. His response was that the primary election is essential regardless of whether there will be a large-scale disqualification of candidates. He further said that the best defense against disqualification is not to fear it. One of the reasons for his continual support of the primary election, he continued, is to use it to establish a consensus of opposition that fundamentally opposes the National Security Law (NSL).

If that is the plan, then the NSL must be the main topic of discussion in the primary election forum. According to Tanya Chan, convener of the pan-democratic camp, different political parties can only respond either by support or objection to the NSL under the shadow of possible disqualification. Therefore, the forum topic must revolve around whether to oppose the NSL. However, should a candidate disapprove of the NSL if it is almost certain to guarantee disqualification? If the candidate is successfully elected into the Legislative Council, under the threat of the NSL, should the candidate or its party succumb to the NSL irrespective of the rights of Hongkongers or stand up to it? Only if the primary election focuses primarily on this topic, then it will be possible to fulfill Chu’s wish: to use the primary election to build a consensus of opposition that fundamentally opposes the NSL.

Having watched two primary election debates, the topic of NSL was only gently touched upon. In fact, many candidates did not mention sensitive topics that could lead to disqualification and put them in a dilemma. Most of them mentioned how they would unite and strive to win more than 35 seats which would put them in the majority, whether parliamentary resistance will be integrated with the fights on the street, whether they would oppose next year’s budget to force the Chief Executive to step down. There are also candidates who attacked the track records of the Democratic Party and the Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (ADPL). The atmosphere of the forums did not bring about a sense of urgency on the NSL’s impending threat to our freedom and security, and its imminent destruction of “One Country, Two System.” The intention to initiate a consensus of opposition against NSL seems buoyant.

At the pan-democratic primary election forum, the NSL was like an elephant in the room, so obvious but unseen by the candidates. The NSL descends upon us, yet the LegCo primary election was unaffected and indifferent as though Hong Kong is just running a peaceful election where everyone fights for a seat in the LegCo and as though those who successfully win the primary election would be guaranteed a seat. Pro-democrats did not see the elephant in the room but they saw the whimsical conspiracies of other candidates.

Before Yuen Gongyi went to the United States to lobby for the rights and interests of Hongkongers, he posted on YouTube and unexpectedly gained mass popularity. He speaks bluntly, and his goals and all action plans are disclosed candidly online. Many netizens find his messages agreeable and admire him for standing up and taking action for Hongkongers. I rather think Yuen is quite a naive optimist, nevertheless I do agree with his fundamental ideologies. He previously criticized a pan-democrat which set off a conspiracy theory attack upon him within the pan-democrat discussion circle. They merely wondered from where he suddenly emerged and, like all conspiracy theories in the past, this was also based on no evidence. It got even more peculiar in recent days, when it has been theorize that his anti-CCP speeches were means to support the campaign of his slightly more, and evidently, pro-CCP son. Though they share the same blood, even the wildest imagination would not be linking the two’s political stances. All the more so when the son stated on radio that his father is a tragedy.

To the conspiracy of her father campaigning for the son, Erica Yuen responded with a laugh, and said, “We must vote out the conservative, old pan-democrats and the successors of these old pan-democratic directions. They’re extremely scary, can’t even take a single word of criticism, never admitting faults, and forever misjudging and falling behind situations. They only know how to spin their own fallacies and point fingers at fellow teammates.”

The financial columnist, Muddy Dirty Water, wrote on his Facebook page that, “This is simple economics, because they see Daddy Yuen as a competitor who has also robbed them of many interests.” “The pan-dem mechanism has been carrying out their international work and lobbying through crowdfunding, but Daddy Yuen funded his own flights, and used his own resources to secure the more influential people in the US, such as Bannon, which is unlike a simple newspaper ad. The pan-dem mechanism naturally can’t stand it.”

Seeing no elephant but only the seats; seeing no teammates but only conspiracies – perhaps this is just some slim pickings, but again, one rotten apple can spoil the whole bunch.

Without flinching, you will reduce the danger by half (Lee Yee
Yesterday the Xinhua News Agency ann
unced that the Hong Kong version of national security law would be included on the agenda of the coming meeting of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress. Just a day after, Tam Yiu Chung, a member of the Committee, said he didn’t receive any information about the arrangement. The ridiculous fact that the agenda can be suddenly updated without any advance notice proves again the Committee is nothing more than a rubber stamp. If this can happen to an organization of national level, how can one expect the local officials here in Hong Kong to have any free will?

The aforementioned arrangement is clearly a deliberate delay so as to wait for the outcome of the Hawaii meeting between Yang Jie-chi and Pompeo. Possibly, to avoid severe sanctions from the US, Beijing has tried to trade off with a milder version of the national security law in Hong Kong. As things unfolded, after 7 hours of “constructive” dialogue, the negotiation just broke down. Right after that, the updated agenda was announced and the spokesperson of China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs reiterated, “China’s determination to push for a national security law in Hong Kong is unshakeable.”

Obviously, the Legislative Council (LegCo) election in September is the reason why Beijing is rushing the Hong Kong version national security law through. Tsang Kwok-wai, the Secretary for Hong Kong’s Constitutional and Mainland Affairs, publicly stated that those who are against the national security law are putting their loyalty to the People’s Republic of China to suspicion. This in fact provides a ready-made excuse to disqualify candidates in the coming election. In view of this, all pro-democracy candidates will have to face a very difficult dilemma: be expressive of their standpoint about the national security law and get disqualified, or go against their will, support it and get casted aside by their supporters.

The Hong Kong version of national security law is simply against common sense. Recently, Cheng Yeuk-wah, Hong Kong’s Secretary for Justice, stated that it is “unreasonable and unrealistic” to expect the law to be implemented in accordance to the principles of the common law, and the addition of a sunset clause to it is something “unnecessary”. Such saying is clearly a violation of the Basic Law, which outlines that Hong Kong maintains the common law system. What’s more, it is inappropriate to put the Hong Kong version of national security law in Annex III, which is made for national laws only. From a more practical point of view, It is scary for the general public to a see such happenings as the arbitrary implementation of the law, direct enforcement of it by mainland officials and the possible trials by courts in China.

All these are evidence that the protection of the Basic Law no longer exists. The sad reality is that the people of Hong Kong can only choose to emigrate, or stay but live without freedom. With the threat of the national security law and extensive disqualification, the prospect of the pro-democracy camp in the upcoming election is extremely gloomy, and the chance to have them dominating the Legislative Coumcil has virtually vanished.

On the other hand, it is worth noticing that on online forums popular among the young, the majority tends to support the implementation of the national security law, oppose the bargaining approach of the legal circle and pro-democracy camp, and prefer harsh American sanctions. But make no mistake, the young are no supporters of the legislation. They are rather diehard fans of the “mutual destruction” proposition.

The current situation just reminds me of a scene in a movie from the 80s called “Out of Africa”. While confronting a pride of lions, the hero suggests that the heroine should not run, because the gesture will just invite the beasts to pounce against her. Instead, if one doesn’t flinch, it eases the danger. And soon the lions go away.

As Churchill once said: “One ought never to turn one's back on a threatened danger and try to run away from it. If you do that, you will double the danger. But if you meet it promptly and without flinching, you will reduce the danger by half.”

*This interview was recorded before the Jan. 11 national election.

Although many countries have begun to reconsider how to balance what they get in return for trading with China, this question has always been existential in Taiwan. Trade policies have oscillated inconsistently between opening up and restricting access to the Chinese economy. The challenges of doing trade with China is a global issue. And this is The Taiwan take.

Today’s guest is political scientist, Syaru Shirley Lin (林夏如), author of the book “Taiwan’s China Dilemma” (2016) and the forthcoming sequel “High Income Trap in East Asia.” In this episode, Lin maps out the economic ties between Taiwan and China and what drives policymaking in that area.

Lin retired as a partner at Goldman Sachs before becoming an academic. She now teaches world politics at the University of Virginia and global political economy at the Chinese University of Hong Kong.

Today’s episode is hosted by J.R. Wu - Chief of the Secretariat for INDSR (Institute for National Defense and Security Research) in Taiwan. Wu is a former journalist with nearly two decades of media experience in the US and Asia. She has led news bureaus for Reuters and Dow Jones.

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SHOW CREDIT

Host - J.R. Wu
Producer / Editor - Emily Y. Wu (Twitter @emilyywu)
Researcher - Sam Robbins (Twitter @helloitissam)
Brand Design - Thomas Lee
Production Company - Ghost Island Media
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