📰 Maskless Taiwanese will be 'persuaded' before being punished
🀄針對未戴口罩的台灣人,先勸說後罰款
TAIPEI (Taiwan News) — The Central Epidemic Command Center (CECC) announced Friday (May 21) that city and county governments agree that people not wearing masks in public should first be "persuaded" before being fined.
📌 台北(台灣新聞)—中央流行病控制中心(CECC) 週五宣布,市縣政府同意,在公共場所未戴口罩者,應先被“勸說”,然後再被罰款。
As the country continues to report triple-digit coronavirus cases on a daily basis, the CECC declared Wednesday (May 19) that Level 3 restrictions would go into effect the following day. One of the main regulations for this alert is, "All people must wear masks at all times when going out."
📌 隨著台灣繼續每天報告三位數的冠狀病毒病例,CECC於週三宣布,第三級限制將於第二天生效。此警報的主要規定之一是:“所有人外出時必須全程戴口罩。”
On Thursday, controversy erupted over whether people driving alone are required to wear a mask, according to Level 3 restrictions, with Centers for Disease Control (CDC) personnel stating that while the provisions do not clearly stipulate that people must wear a mask while driving, the definition of "going out" is the moment someone leaves their residence. They pointed out, however, that enforcement of regulations and penalties would vary with the local government.
📌 根據第3級限制,週四爆發了關於是否獨自駕駛的人,必需佩戴口罩的爭議,疾病控制中心 (CDC) 的工作人員指出,儘管相關規定並未明確規定人們在駕駛時必須戴口罩, “走出去”的定義是某人離開住所的那一刻。他們指出,但是,法規和處罰的執行會因地方政府而異。
CECC Spokesman Chuang Jen-hsiang (莊人祥) on Thursday evening said that the issue is up to the discretion of local governments. Given that different counties and cities have different interpretations of the mask rules, Chuang said a meeting on Friday would establish a consistent standard.
CECC發言人莊仁祥週四晚上說,這個問題取決於地方政府的判斷。鑑於不同的縣市對口罩規則的理解不同,莊說,週五舉行的會議將建立一致的標準。
At a Friday press conference, CECC deputy chief Chen Tsung-yen (陳宗彥) put official policy into reverse by proclaiming that if a motorist is driving alone, they are separated from others and therefore do not need to wear a mask. However, if two or more people occupy a vehicle, each occupant must wear one.
📌 在周五的新聞發布會上,CECC副局長陳宗彥宣布官方政策轉向,宣佈如果駕車者獨自駕駛,他們會與他人分開,因此不需要戴口罩。但是,如果兩個或兩個以上的人在車輛內,則每個乘員都必須佩戴一個。
Regarding the penalties for not wearing a mask, Chen said a standard fine of between NT$3,000 (US$100) and NT$15,000 for violating the Communicable Disease Control Act (傳染病防治法) had been agreed upon. However, Chen emphasized that those caught not wearing a mask in public should first be "persuaded" to wear their mask properly.
📌 關於不戴口罩的罰款,陳說,對於違反《傳染病防治法》的標準罰款為3,000新台幣至15,000新台幣。但是,陳強調,在公共場所未佩戴口罩的被捕者,應先“說服”他們正確佩戴口罩。
If a person fails to heed the directive to wear a mask, the fine will then be imposed, said Chen. In response to media reports of unruly passengers and pedestrians refusing to wear a mask, Chen said that a strategy of "rational persuasion" should be adopted and, "There is no need to become confrontational with the few people who shirk the rules."
📌 陳說,如果一個人不聽指令戴口罩,將處以罰款。對於媒體關於不守規矩的乘客和行人拒絕戴口罩的報導,陳說,應該採取“理性勸說”的策略,“沒有必要與少數違反規則的人對抗。”
When asked by a member of the media if people can eat in parks, Chen said that masks are now required at all times in parks. He suggested that if a person wants to have a meal, they should order it to go and can eat it at home or their office.
📌 當被媒體問到人們是否可以在公園裡吃飯時,陳說,現在公園裡一直都需要戴口罩。他建議,如果一個人想吃飯,就應該點餐帶回家中或辦公室裡用餐。
資料來源: https://reurl.cc/mqWA71
同時也有2490部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過6萬的網紅Herman Yeung,也在其Youtube影片中提到,Note download 筆記下載 : https://hermanutube.blogspot.hk/2016/01/youtube-pdf.html -----------------------------------------------------------------------...
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#急性心肌梗塞 的#定義 與#分類:
2018 ESC/ACC/AHA
Fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction (2018)
European Heart Journal (2019) 40, 237–269
第1型急性心肌梗塞要件(Type 1 MI)
心肌生化標記(cTn)的升高及(或)降低於URL的99百分位值,而且下列五項要件中,至少合乎一項:
(1) 急性心肌缺氧的症狀
(2) 心電圖出現新的缺氧變化
(3) 心電圖出現病理性的Q波(pathological Q waves)
(4) 影像檢查證實:新損失的活性心肌,或新出現的局部心室壁活動異常,合乎缺氧的病因。
(5) 經由血管攝影或驗屍確認有冠狀動脈內血栓。
註:URL: 參考值上限 (upper reference limit, URL) 是以正常對照組的 99 百分位值 (the 99th percentile)。
第2型急性心肌梗塞要件(Type 2 MI)
心肌生化標記(cTn)的升高及(或)降低於URL的99百分位值,且出現心肌氧供需失衡事實,這種心肌氧供需失衡與冠狀動脈急性硬化血栓無關,而且下列四項要件中,至少合乎一項:
(1) 急性心肌缺氧的症狀
(2) 心電圖出現新的缺氧變化
(3) 心電圖出現病理性的Q波
(4) 影像檢查證實:新損失的活性心肌,或新出現的局部心室壁活動異常,合乎缺氧的病因。
(註:心肌氧供需失衡的原因如下:已成型的冠狀動脈硬化瘢塊,冠狀動脈硬痙攣,冠狀動脈栓塞,冠狀動脈剝離+/- 血管內壁血腫,持續性心搏過速之心律不整,嚴重高血壓+/-左心室肥大,嚴重心搏過慢之心律不整,呼吸衰竭,嚴重貧血,低血壓/休克。)
第3型急性心肌梗塞要件(Type 3 MI)
出現心肌缺氧的症狀,合併心電圖出現新的缺氧變化,或心室纖維顫動,但在尚未抽血檢驗心肌生化標記,或心肌生化標記還未上升之前,就已發生死亡,經由驗屍得知心肌梗塞。
第4a型急性心肌梗塞要件(Type 4a MI):與PCI有關之心肌梗塞
如果病人原先cTn值正常,術後48小時內,cTn值大於5倍的URL之99百分位值;如果病人原先cTn值已經升高且穩定(≤20%),或正下降中,術後值上升超過原先的20%。此外,還包括以下四項之一:
(1) 心電圖出現新的缺氧變化
(2) 心電圖出現病理性的Q波
(3) 影像檢查證實:新損失的活性心肌,或新出現的局部心室壁活動異常,合乎缺氧的病因。
(4) 血管攝影證實PCI造成限制血流之併發症,例如冠狀動脈剝離,心肌表面主要血管阻塞,或分支血管阻塞/血栓,側支循衛受阻,或遠端發生栓塞。
第4b型急性心肌梗塞要件(Type 4b MI):與PCI支架血栓阻塞有關之心肌梗塞
合乎Type 1 MI的要件,以實施PCI後發生心肌梗塞的時間長短分成:
急性:0-24小時
亞急性:超過24小時,少於30天。
晚期:30天至一年
很晚期:超過一年
第4c型急性心肌梗塞要件(Type 4c MI):PCI支架再狹窄(restenosis)有關之心肌梗塞
裝置支架,或氣球擴張術後,於相關地方發生再狹窄的心肌梗塞,而無其它之阻塞病灶或栓塞。這種狹窄可能是局部性,或擴散性的再狹窄,或者是複雜病灶,合併cTn)的升高及(或)降低於URL的99百分位值的Type 1 MI之要件。
第5型急性心肌梗塞要件(Type 5 MI):與CABG有關之心肌梗塞
如果病人原先cTn值正常,術後48小時內,cTn值大於10倍的URL之99百分位值。如果病人原先cTn值已經升高且穩定(≤20%),或正下降中,術後值上升必須超過原先的20%。無論如何,術後cTn值絕對要超過10倍的URL之99百分位值。此外,還包括以下三項之一:
(1) 心電圖出現病理性的Q波
(2) 血管攝影證實新移植的血管或原先血管發生新的血栓;
(3) 影像檢查證實:新損失的活性心肌,或新出現的局部心室壁活動異常。
重要訊息:
1. 與第三版的心肌梗塞定義之間的主要改變在於,區分心肌梗塞與心肌受傷之差別,並勾畫出MRI與電腦斷層血管攝影掃描在心肌梗塞扮演的角色。
2. 心肌生化標記(cTn)的檢測初質評估,3-6小時後再追蹤檢測。高敏感度的hscTn要提早檢測。臨床症狀與抽血檢測時刻有關,尤其要配合數據的起落之判讀。
3. 心肌損傷 (Myocardial injury) 的定義:心肌生化標記(cTn)超過URL的99百分位值,因此包括了心肌缺氧或非心肌缺氧所造成的心肌損傷.
4. 心肌梗塞是特定之心肌缺氧造成的心肌損傷,而且下列四項要件中,至少合乎一項:臨床心肌缺氧症狀,心電圖改變,Q波初現,影像檢查證實:新損失的活性心肌,或新出現的局部心室壁活動異常,合乎缺氧的病因。
5. 第1型急性心肌梗塞與急性血管硬化栓塞有關;第2型急性心肌梗塞則是由於心肌血氧供需失衡。第3型急性心肌梗塞是因心肌缺氧致死,事後解剖才診斷。
6. 第4a型及第5型急性心肌梗塞是與PCI 及 CABG有關。
7. 心肌損傷 (Myocardial injury)可能發生在非血管再通術的心臟手術,如經由導管置換主動脈瓣而造成直接傷害或冠狀動脈血栓/栓塞。如果未符合以上第5型急性心肌梗塞要件,就不能歸類為心肌梗塞。
8. 心肌生化標記(cTn)升高,在以下臨床狀況下,並無特定歸類:急性心衰竭,腎疾病,急重症,或非心臟手術。此類狀況之診斷需視其是否有心肌缺氧,及急性血栓,而給予第1或第2型急性心肌梗塞,或非心肌缺氧之急性心肌損傷。
9. 在心房顫動合併心室心搏過速 (AF with RVR)合併心肌生化標記(cTn)升高時,不能歸類為第2型急性心肌梗塞,除非出現心肌缺氧的症狀。心肌生化標記(cTn)升高只能視之為心肌損傷 (Myocardial injury)。
10. 冠狀動脈無阻塞疾病(MINOCA)而發生心肌梗塞,應依其臨床症狀及血管攝影結果歸類為第1型或第2急性心肌梗塞
註:
PCI: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (冠狀動脈介入術)
CABG: Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (冠狀動脈繞道手術)
MINOCA: Myocardial infarction in nonobstructive coronary artery disease(冠狀動脈無阻塞疾病)
References:
#Fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction (2018). European Heart Journal (2019) 40, 237–269
#Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction. https://reurl.cc/dV8M8q
#AMI
#cTn
#Ischemic_Chest_Pain
disease definition 在 大便妹,學環保。 Facebook 的精選貼文
🚩極端天氣帶來的暴風雨間接害死了海豚
一篇看了讓我覺得心裡很不舒服的報導
近年極端天氣帶來的暴雨令海水的鹽度下降
令住在沿海的海豚感染致命性的皮膚病
由2005年起相繼出現死亡個案T^T難過
這都是跟氣候變遷有關
這都是跟我們的生活有關
在這些事上我覺得非常無能為力
沒辦法讓海洋生物有一個好的棲息地
減碳這件事真的很不容易
我們都一起一直的步向滅亡
//The study, published in Scientific Reports, a peer-reviewed natural sciences journal, provides the first-ever case definition for fresh-water skin disease in bottlenose dolphins.
This study comes on the heels of significant outbreaks in Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida and Texas and Australia in recent years. In all of these locations, a sudden and drastic decrease in salinity in the waters was the common factor. Coastal dolphins are accustomed to seasonal changes in salinity levels in their marine habitat, but they do not live in freshwater. The increasing severity and frequency of storm events like hurricanes and cyclones, particularly if they are preceded by drought conditions, are dumping unusual volumes of rain that turn coastal waters to freshwater. Freshwater conditions can persist for months, particularly after intense storms such as hurricanes Harvey and Katrina. With the increasing climate temperatures, climate scientists have predicted extreme storms like these will occur more frequently and, consequently, will result in more frequent and severe disease outbreaks in dolphins.
“This devastating skin disease has been killing dolphins since Hurricane Katrina, and we’re pleased to finally define the problem,” said Duignan. “With a record hurricane season in the Gulf of Mexico this year and more intense storm systems worldwide due to climate change, we can absolutely expect to see more of these devastating outbreaks killing dolphins.”
The study has major implications for the current outbreak in Australia, which is impacting the rare and threatened Burrunan dolphin in southeast Australia, and could provide professionals with the information needed to diagnose and treat affected animals. Currently, the long-term outlook for dolphins affected with the skin disease is poor. This is especially true for the animals suffering from prolonged exposure to freshwater.
The deadly skin disease was first noted by researchers on approximately 40 bottlenose dolphins near New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina in 2005.
“As warming ocean temperatures impact marine mammals globally, the findings in this paper will allow better mitigation of the factors that lead disease outbreaks for coastal dolphin communities that are already under threat from habitat loss and degradation,” said Duignan. “This study helps shed light on an ever-growing concern, and we hope it is the first step in mitigating the deadly disease and marshalling the ocean community to further fight climate change.”//
disease definition 在 Herman Yeung Youtube 的精選貼文
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Biology 所有 videos 的 Playlist 可看:
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分類的 Playlist 可看:
1. Cells and Molecules of Life 細胞與生命分子… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8pimOHKxXgEB4A7BkIU_fvE
2. Genetics and Evolution遺傳與進化… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8qxXqviCcE59G2o2S-SZmLz
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3C. Reproduction, growth and development生殖、生長和發育... https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8ramUz1FlN0c8vG47a8qChA
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3E. Homeostasis體內平衡… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8qIF_r_7bLzL_gbkzL3NRiZ
3F. Ecosystems 生態系… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8qHQPt5HmieWo0EjPGnmD81
4. Health and Disease健康與疾病… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8oWMLSCZvYm_HxnOCnw0ePt
5. Human Physiology: Regulation and Control人體生理學︰調節與控制… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8r0Af7WKwjPf5Ih3hk4rRpw
6. Applied Ecology應用生物學… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8rbkiK9KEPGav6_z6otcqA7
7. Microorganisms and Humans微生物與人類… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8pA3IcS8sxv5JgWHZ0Ifvrk
8. Biotechnology生物工程… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8oNgT2rFFmtFP_PBDbCqn0N
Notes Only Version : https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8osiwrVWzQRQ9wWCLgZUYS5
Definition 背誦︰
中英對照︰ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8pgi_VnjcUHByKdnDfPKfDh
純英版︰ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8qhbqCN5tsVn2DeUqYFzYPV
純中版︰ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8rAJGqx6SNLcG1WQGTFocOL
HKDSE Biology Past Paper Solution :
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8q0icgpscQYKrWcaywLK7g2
HKCEE Biology Past Paper Solution :
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8oE7NKu3W5odiwwws6WerB0
HKALE Biology Past Paper Solution :
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8qDsX40O4tczDYBPktC06fq
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HKDSE Mathematics 數學天書 訂購表格及方法︰
https://www.sites.google.com/view/HermanYeung
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disease definition 在 Herman Yeung Youtube 的最佳解答
Note download 筆記下載 : https://hermanutube.blogspot.hk/2016/01/youtube-pdf.html
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Biology 所有 videos 的 Playlist 可看:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8oSnhUSkuaWV9d7FbyJDSPE
分類的 Playlist 可看:
1. Cells and Molecules of Life 細胞與生命分子… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8pimOHKxXgEB4A7BkIU_fvE
2. Genetics and Evolution遺傳與進化… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8qxXqviCcE59G2o2S-SZmLz
3A. Essential life processes in plants植物維持生命的活動… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8oaLqXiViAOyF-wt_wxD62w
3B. Essential life processes in animals動物維持生命的活動… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8petIdjLSGd9BbyfUcDdHim
3C. Reproduction, growth and development生殖、生長和發育... https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8ramUz1FlN0c8vG47a8qChA
3D. Coordination and response協調和反應… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8o6aa0bT1nTs5QbaBpJ69W7
3E. Homeostasis體內平衡… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8qIF_r_7bLzL_gbkzL3NRiZ
3F. Ecosystems 生態系… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8qHQPt5HmieWo0EjPGnmD81
4. Health and Disease健康與疾病… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8oWMLSCZvYm_HxnOCnw0ePt
5. Human Physiology: Regulation and Control人體生理學︰調節與控制… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8r0Af7WKwjPf5Ih3hk4rRpw
6. Applied Ecology應用生物學… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8rbkiK9KEPGav6_z6otcqA7
7. Microorganisms and Humans微生物與人類… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8pA3IcS8sxv5JgWHZ0Ifvrk
8. Biotechnology生物工程… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8oNgT2rFFmtFP_PBDbCqn0N
Notes Only Version : https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8osiwrVWzQRQ9wWCLgZUYS5
Definition 背誦︰
中英對照︰ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8pgi_VnjcUHByKdnDfPKfDh
純英版︰ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8qhbqCN5tsVn2DeUqYFzYPV
純中版︰ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8rAJGqx6SNLcG1WQGTFocOL
HKDSE Biology Past Paper Solution :
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8q0icgpscQYKrWcaywLK7g2
HKCEE Biology Past Paper Solution :
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8oE7NKu3W5odiwwws6WerB0
HKALE Biology Past Paper Solution :
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8qDsX40O4tczDYBPktC06fq
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Please subscribe 請訂閱 :
https://www.youtube.com/hermanyeung?sub_confirmation=1
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HKDSE Mathematics 數學天書 訂購表格及方法︰
https://www.sites.google.com/view/HermanYeung
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Blogger : https://goo.gl/SBmVOO
Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/hy.page
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/HermanYeung
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disease definition 在 What is DISEASE? What does DISEASE mean ... - YouTube 的美食出口停車場
A disease is a particular abnormal condition, a disorder of a structure or function, that affects part or all of an organism. The causal study ... ... <看更多>