「千古罪人」同Sir Malcolm Rifkind嘅國際級文宣!
由前港督Lord Patten of Barnes同前英國外交大臣Hon Sir Malcolm Rifkind發起嘅國際聯署聲明,一個星期內由廿幾個國家嘅201個議員,依家聯署議員人數去到50國家728個議會政界人士!最壯觀不外乎係日本,不過唔該留意下嗰啲小國,例如科索沃、阿爾巴尼亞、立陶宛、斯洛伐克、緬甸等等小國,哪怕佢地得一兩個代表支持,但係以前人地國家出現問題,自問大家何曾理會過?睇完新聞下一秒就已經「哦,邊度黎㗎?」,然後食買玩揾錢唔記得...依家人地反而出黎支持...喂!簽個名有政治代價㗎,唔係應份!(本人自己都覺得有些少羞恥)
5月23號開始國際報導有19個國家(EU27國當一個)201位
5月26號30個國家284位
5月27號33個國家457位
5月28號33個國家659位
5月29號36個國家728位
肥彭見到之後表示:
"The statement shows growing and widespread international outrage at the decision by the Chinese government to unilaterally impose national security legislation in Hong Kong. The breadth of support, which spans all political parties and four continents, reflects both the severity of the situation and ongoing unified international support for the principle of one-country, two-systems."
(呢個聲明嘅簽署人數增長同國際上擴闊嘅速度,代表全世界都對中國單方面响香港行使國安法嘅不滿程度不斷增加。咁多地區同國家嘅跨黨派政界人士支持,就了解到情況有幾嚴重,同時代表國際幾咁支持香港維持「一國兩制」。)
仍然都係嗰句,728呢個唔係數字,除咗代表咗呢兩個廢國銀髮「舊電池」嘅外交文宣實力,亦表示全世界有咁多國家同地區嘅政界同民選議員,背負住佢地嘅選民支持香港(班「暴徒」)。請無知的Haters、Doubters、負能樣唔好再用簡單易分法將一個國家當係黃藍店或者偽人,剩係得「奶」同「唔奶」!因為佢地都係有名有姓,為咗尊重,係需要再重新列多次,今次長三倍!
廢國下議院議員:
Debbie Abrahams MP, former Shadow Secretary of State for Work and Pensions
Gareth Bacon MP
Andrew Bowie MP
Andrew Bridgen MP
Anthony Browne MP
Fiona Bruce MP, Chair of the Conservative Party Human Rights Commission
Chris Bryant MP, Member of the UK Foreign Affairs Committee
Alistair Carmichael MP, Liberal Democrats Foreign Affairs Spokesman
Wendy Chamberlain MP
Sarah Champion MP, Chair of the International Development Committee
Daisy Cooper MP
Neil Coyle MP, Member of the Foreign Affairs Committee
Rt. Hon Ed Davey MP, Leader of the Liberal Democrats and former Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change
Geraint Davies MP
Dr James Davies MP
Dehenna Davison MP
Martyn Day MP
Dave Doogan MP
Peter Dowd MP, former Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury
Tim Farron MP, former Leader of the Liberal Democrats
Simon Fell MP
Marion Fellows, MP
Rt. Hon Liam Fox MP, former Defence Secretary and International Trade Secretary
Rt. Hon Damian Green MP, former Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for the Cabinet Office
Jonathan Gullis MP
Andrew Gwynne MP, former Shadow Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government
Antony Higginbotham MP
Wera Hobhouse MP
Kevin Hollinrake MP
Christine Jardine MP
Imran Khan MP
Daniel Kawczynski MP
Chris Law MP, SNP Spokesperson for International Development
Caroline Lucas MP
Craig Mackinlay MP
Paul Maynard MP
Jason McCartney MP
Stewart M McDonald MP, Member of the UK Foreign Affairs Committee
Anne McLaughlin MP
Gagan Mohindra MP
Carol Monaghan MP
Layla Moran MP
Kieran Mullen MP
Caroline Nokes MP
Sarah Olney MP
Tom Randall MP
Rob Roberts MP
Andrew Rosindell MP, Member of the UK Foreign Affairs Committee
Bob Seely MP, Member of the UK Foreign Affairs Committee
Andrew Selous MP
Virendra Sharma MP
Henry Smith MP, Member of the UK Foreign Affairs Committee
Rt.Hon Sir Iain Duncan Smith MP, former Secretary of State for Work andPensions and Leader of the Conservative Party
Alyn Smith MP, SNP spokesman for International Affairs
Jamie Stone MP
Rt. Hon Stephen Timms MP, Chair of the Work and Pensions Select Committee
Tom Tugendhat MP, Chair of the Foreign Affairs Select Committee
Jamie Wallis MP
James Wild MP
Craig Williams MP
Munira Wilson MP
廢國上議院議員:
Rt. Hon Lord Addington
Rt. Hon Lord Alderdice, former President of Liberal International
Lord Alton of Liverpool
Rt. Hon. Lord Adonis
Rt. Hon Lord Arbuthnot of Edrom
Rt. Revd Nicholas Baines, Bishop of Leeds
Baroness Bakewell of Hardington Mandeville
Rt. Hon Lord Balfe
Rt. Hon Baroness Barker
Baroness Bennett of Manor Castle, former Leader of the Green Party
Lord Blackheath
Rt. Hon Baroness Blackstone
Rt. Hon Baroness Boothroyd of Sandwell, former Speaker of the House of Commons
Baroness Bonham-Carter of Yarnbury
Lord Bowness
Rt. Hon Lord Boyle, Earl of Cork and Orrery
Baroness Burt of Solihull
Rt. Hon. Lord Campbell of Pittenweem QC, former leader of the Liberal Democrats
Rt. Hon Baroness Chalker of Wallasey
Lord Craig of Radley, former Chief of the Defence Staff
The Lord Bishop of Coventry
Baroness Cox of Queensbury
Rt. Hon Baroness D’Souza, former Lord Speaker
Rt. Hon Lord Dholakia OBE
Rt. Hon Lord Dubs
Lord Foster of Bath
Rt. Hon Baroness Falkner of Margravine
Rt. Hon Lord Fox
Rt. Hon Baroness Garden of Frognal
Lord German
Lord Gilbert of Panteg
The Earl of Glasgow
Rt. Hon Lord Goldsmith of Allerton, former Attorney General
Rt. Hon Lord Hain of Neath, former Secretary of State for Work and Pensions and Northern Ireland
Baroness Hamwee
Lord Hannay of Chiswick, former UK Ambassador to the United Nations
Baroness Harris of Richmond, Deputy Speaker of the House of Lords
Lord Hogan-Howe of Sheffield, former Metropolitan Police Commissioner
Rt. Hon Lord Howard of Lympne, former Home Secretary and Leader of the Conservative Party
Baroness Humphreys
Rt. Hon Lord Hunt of Kings Heath
Rt. Hon Lord Hylton
Baroness Janke
Rt Hon. Baroness Jolly
Lord Jones of Cheltenham
Baroness Kennedy QC of the Shaws
Rt. Hon Lord King of Bridgewater, former Defence Secretary and Northern Ireland Secretary
Rt. Hon Lord Kinnock, former Leader of the Labour Party and Vice-President of the European Commission
Lord Kirkharle of Curry
Rt Hon. Baroness Kramer
Rt. Hon. Lord Levy, former special envoy to the Middle East
Rt. Hon Baroness Lister of Burtersett
Lord Lucas
Baroness Ludford
Lord Marks of Henley-on-Thames
Rt. Hon Lord Murphy of Torfaen
Lord Newby, Leader of the Liberal Democrats in the House of Lords
Rt Hon. Baroness Northover
Lord Oates
Lord Palmer of Childs Hill
Baroness Pinnock
Lord Pendry of Stalybridge, Middleweight Colonial boxing champion, Hong Kong 1957
Lord Purvis of Tweed
Lord Razzall
Lord Rennard
Lord Ricketts, former Permanent Secretary at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and former Chairman of the Joint Intelligence Committee
Lord Scriven
Lord Sharkey
Lord Shipley
Rt. Hon Lord Shutt of Greetland
Baroness Smith of Newnham
Rt. Hon Baroness Stern
Lord Strasburger
Baroness Stroud
Rt. Hon Baroness Suttie
Rt. Hon Lord Swinfen
Baroness Thomas of Winchester
Baroness Thornhill MBE
Lord Tope
Lord Trees
Rt. Hon Viscount Trenchard
Rt. Hon Lord Tugendhat, Former Vice-President of the European Commission
Baroness Tyler of Enfield
Lord Wallace of Saltaire
Lord Wallace of Tankerness, former Deputy First Minister of Scotland
Baroness Walmsley
Rt. Hon and Rt. Revd Lord Williams of Oystermouth, former Archbishop of Canterbury
Lord Willoughby de Broke
Lord Wood of Anfield
Lord Wrigglesworth
蘇格蘭議員:
Ruth Davidson MSP, former leader of the Scottish Conservative Party
Ross Greer MSP, Scottish Green External Affairs Spokesperson
威爾斯議會議員:
Angela Burns MS
Andrew RT Davies MS
Paul Davies MS
Mark Isherwood MS
Caroline Jones MS
Mandy Jones MS
Darren Millar MS
Mark Reckless MS
David Rowlands MS
廢國其他人士:
Bill Browder
廢國前議員:
Rt. Hon John Bercow, former Speaker of the House of Commons and former MP
Rt. Hon David Miliband, former Foreign Secretary and MP
Rt. Hon Rory Stewart, former Secretary of State for International Development and former MP
Rt. Hon Jack Straw, former Foreign Secretary, Home Secretary, and Justice Secretary and former MP
廢國前駐美帝大使:
Sir David Manning, former UK Ambassador to the United States of America
宗教領袖:
Dr Desmond Biddulph CBE, President The Buddhist Society
Fr Timothy Radcliffe, former Master of the Dominican Order Worldwide
美帝參議員:
Senator Benjamin L Cardin, Ranking Member of the Senate Small Business Committee
Senator Ted Cruz, Member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee
Senator Josh Hawley
Senator Edward J Markey, Ranking Member of the Subcommittee on East Asia, the Pacific, and International Cybersecurity Policy
Senator Robert Menendez, Ranking Member, Senate Foreign Relations Committee
Senator Marco Rubio, Acting Chair of the Senate Intelligence Committee
美帝眾議院議員:
Congressman Robert B Aderholt
Congressman Ami Bera, Chairman of the Subcommittee on Asia, the Pacific, and Non-proliferation, House Foreign Affairs Committee
Congressman Eliot L Engel, Chairman of US House of Representatives Committee on Foreign Affairs
Congressman Mike Gallagher
Congressman Vicky Hartzler
Congressman Michael T McCaul, ranking member of US House of Representatives Committee on Foreign Affairs
Congressman James McGovern, co-chair of the Congressional Executive Commission on China
Congressman Adam B Schiff, Chairman of the US House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence
Congressman Adam Smith, Chairman of US House of Representatives Committee on Armed Services
Congressman Christopher Smith, former Chair of the House Veterans' Affairs Committee
Congressman Tom Suozzi
Congressman Ted Yoho, ranking member of the Subcommittee on Asia, the Pacific, and Non-proliferation, US House of Representatives Committee on Foreign Affairs
Frank Wolf, Member of Congress 1981-2014 (retired)
美帝前外交官:
Derek Mitchell, President of the National Democratic Institute and former Ambassador to Burma
Samantha Power, former USA Ambassador to the United Nations
Grover Joseph Rees, former USA Ambassador to East Timor
美帝人權及學術界:
Professor Jerome A. Cohen, Professor of law at New York University School of Law, founding director of its US-Asia Law Institute and adjunct senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations
Garry Kasparov, Chairman of Human Rights Foundation
Daniel Twining, President of the International Republican Institute
歐盟議會議員:
Alviina Alamesta MEP (Greens, Finland)
Francois Alfonsi MEP (Greens, Germany)
Gerolf Annemans MEP (Identity and Democracy Group, Belgium)
Margrete Auken MEP (Greens, Denmark)
Petras Austrevicuis MEP (Renew Europe, Lithuania)
Malik Azmani MEP, (Renew Europe, Netherlands), First-Vice Chair of Renew Europe Group
Jose Ramon Bauza Diaz MEP (Renew Europe, Spain)
Francois-Xavier Bellamy MEP (European People’s Party, France)
Vladimír Bilčík MEP (European People’s Party, Slovakia)
Benoit Biteau MEP (Greens, France)
Malin Björk MEP (European United Left - Nordic Green Left, Sweden)
Michael Bloss MEP (Greens, Germany)
Damian Boeselager MEP (Greens, Germany)
Geert Bourgeois MEP (European Conservatives and Reformists, Belgium)
Reinhard Buetikofer MEP (Greens, Germany)
Damien Careme MEP (Greens, France)
Anna Cavazzini MEP (Greens, Germany)
Olivier Chastel MEP (Renew Europe, Belgium)
David Cormand MEP (Greens, France)
Katalin Cseh MEP (Renew Europe, Hungary)
Ciaran Cuffe MEP (Greens, Ireland)
Gwendoline Delbos-Corfield MEP (Greens, France)
Karima Delli MEP (Greens, France)
Pascal Durand MEP (Renew Europe, France)
Bas Eickhout MEP (Vice-Chair Greens, Netherlands)
Engin Eroglu MEP (Renew Europe, Germany)
Anna Fotyga MEP, (European Conservatives & Reformists) Poland former Foreign Secretary of Poland
Daniel Freund MEP (Greens, Germany)
Michael Gahler MEP (European People’s Party, Germany)
Evelyne Gebhardt MEP (Socialists & Democrats, Germany)
Sven Giegold MEP (Greens, Germany)
Raphaël Glucksmann MEP (Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats, France)
Markéta Gregorová MEP (Greens, Czech Republic)
Bart Groothuis MEP (Renew, Netherlands)
Claude Gruffat MEP (Greens, France)
Francisco Guerreiro MEP (Greens, Portugal)
Bernard Guetta MEP (Renew Europe, France)
Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice President of the European Parliament (Greens/European Free Alliance, Finland)
Yannick Jadot MEP (Greens, France)
Rasa Jukneviciene MEP, (European People’s Party, Lithuania) former Minister of Defence of Lithuania and former President of the NATO Parliamentary Assembly
Eugen Jurzyca MEP (European Conservatives & Reformists, Slovakia)
Assista Kanko MEP (Vice Chair of the European Conservatives and Reformists, Belgium)
Karin Karlsbro MEP (Renew Europe, Sweden)
Moritz Körner MEP (Renew Europe, Germany)
Andrius Kibilius MEP (European People’s Party, Lithuania), former Prime Minister of Lithuania
Ilhan Kyuchyuk, MEP (Renew Europe, Bulgaria), Vice President of the ALDE
Philippe Lamberts MEP (Co-President Greens, Belgium)
David Lega MEP (European People's Party, Sweden)
Miriam Lexmann MEP (European People’s Party, Slovakia)
Erik Marquardt MEP (Greens, Germany)
Javier Nart MEP (Renew Europe, Spain)
Lucia Ďuriš Nicholsonová MEP (European Conservatives & Reformists, Slovakia)
Niklas Nienaß MEP (Greens, Germany), Coordinator in the Committee on Regional Development, Member of the Committee on Culture and Education
Urmas Paet MEP (Renew Europe, Estonia), former Foreign Secretary of Estonia
Mikulas Peksa MEP (Greens, Czechia)
Kira Peter-Hansen MEP (Greens, Denmark)
Kati Piri MEP (Vice-President of the group of Socialists and Democrats, Netherlands)
Guliano Pisapia MEP (Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats, Italy)
Peter Pollák MEP (European People’s Party, Slovakia)
Terry Reintke MEP (Vice-Chair Greens, Germany)
Diana Riba I Giner MEP (Greens, Spain)
Michèle Rivasi MEP (Greens, France)
Dorien Rookmaker MEP (GO, Netherlands)
Caroline Roose MEP (Greens, France)
Bert-Jan Ruissen MEP (European Conservatives and Reformists Group, Netherlands)
Mounir Satouri MEP (Greens, France)
Petra de Sutter MEP (Greens, Belgium)
Michaela Šojdrová MEP (European People’s Party, Czech Republic)
Ivan Štefanec MEP (European People’s Party, Slovakia)
Tineke Strik MEP (Greens, Netherlands)
Antonio Tajani MEP (European People’s Party, Italy), former President of the European Parliament
Hermann Tertsch MEP, (European Conservatives and Reformists Group, Spain)
Romana Tomc MEP (European People’s Party, Slovenia)
Marie Toussaint MEP (Greens, France)
Ernest Urtasun MEP (Greens, Spain)
Hilde Vautmans MEP (Renew Europe, Belgium)
Guy Verhofstadt MEP (Renew Europe, Belgium), former Prime Minister of Belgium
Thomas Waitz MEP (Greens, Austria)
Lara Wolters MEP (Socialists and Democrats, Netherlands)
Salima Yenbou MEP (Greens, France)
前歐盟議會議員:
John Cushnahan (Ireland), European Parliament Rapporteur on Hong Kong from 1997 -2004, member of the Northern Ireland Assembly 1982-86 and leader of the Alliance Party
前歐盟專員:
Jan Figel, former Deputy Prime Minister of Slovakia and EU Special Envoy for Promotion Freedom of Religion or Belief outside of the EU
日本國會議員:
Sen. Shigeharu Aoyama
Sen. Haruko Arimura
Sen. Tadayoshi Ichida
Sen. Taiga Ishikawa
Sen. Yoshiko Kira
Sen. Yukihito Koga
Sen. Akira Koike
Sen. Takashi Koyari
Sen. Akiko Kurabayashi
Sen. Yuichi Mayama
Sen. Tamayo Marukawa
Sen. Teruhiko Mashiko
Sen. Junko Mihara
Sen. Shingo Miyake
Sen. Satoshi Nakanishi
Sen. Katsumi Ogawa
Sen. Kimi Onoda
Sen. Masahisa Sato
Sen. Hideya Sugio
Sen. Katsunori Takahashi
Sen. Ryosuke Takeda
Sen. Hirofumi Takinami
Sen. Hiroshi Yamada
Sen. Eriko Yamatani
Sen. Taku Yamazoe
Rep. Yukihiko Akutsu
Rep. Akira Amari
Rep. Yoichi Anami
Rep. Hiroshi Andou
Rep. Akinori Eto
Rep. Yasufumi Fujino
Rep. Keiji Furuya
Rep. Kentaro Gemma
Rep. Yoshiaki Harada
Rep. Hiroshi Hase
Rep. Kaichi Hasegawa
Rep. Kimie Hatano
Rep. Yasushi Hosaka
Rep. Kenichi Hosoda
Rep. Maki Ikeda
Rep. Shinji Inoue
Rep. Masatoshi Ishida
Rep. Akimasa Ishikawa
Rep. Kaori Ishikawa
Rep. Tohru Ishizaki
Rep. Takeshi Iwaya
Rep. Mito Kakizawa
Rep. Akiko Kamei
Rep. Yasushi Kaneko
Rep. Akira Kasai
Rep. Hitoshi Kikawada
Rep. Tetsuya Kimura
Rep. Shuhei Kishimoto
Rep. Minoru Kiuchi
Rep. Keiji Kokuta
Rep. Seiichi Kushida
Rep. Jin Matsubara
Rep. Koichi Matsudaira
Rep. Hidehiro Mitani
Rep. Hiromi Mitsubayashi
Rep. Shin Miyakawa
Rep. Tooru Miyamoto
Rep. Hiroyuki Miyazawa
Rep. Nobuko Motomura
Rep. Fumiyoshi Murakami
Rep. Shunsuke Mutai
Rep. Youji Muto
Rep. Takashi Nagao
Rep. Keiko Nagaoka
Rep. Akihisa Nagashima
Rep. Hiroyuki Nakamura
Rep. Kishiro Nakamura
Rep. Yasutaka Nakasone
Rep. Gen Nakatani
Rep. Kazuma Nakatani
Rep. Hideki Niwa
Rep. Kazuhide Okuma
Rep. Makoto Oniki
Rep. Hiroyuki Onishi
Rep. Kensuke Onishi
Rep. Hiroaki Saitoh
Rep. Yoshitaka Sakurada
Rep. Shu Sakurai
Rep. Hiroyoshi Sasakawa
Rep. Akio Sato
Rep. Masahiko Shibayama
Rep. Tadashi Shimizu
Rep. Ryu Shionoya
Rep. Mio Sugita
Rep. Junji Suzuki
Rep. Kaname Tajima
Rep. Kei Takagi
Rep. Takashi Takai
Rep. Tom Tanigawa
Rep. Kiyoto Tsuji
Rep. Hiroshi Ueno
Rep. Yoshiaki Wada
Rep. Kenji Yamada
Rep. Miki Yamada
Rep. Shunichi Yamaguchi
Rep. Shiori Yamao
Rep. Takashi Yamashita
加拿大議員:
Hon. Jim Abbott P.C., Parl. Sec. to the Minister of International Cooperation
Honourable Diane Ablonczy P.C.
The Hon David Anderson, P.C., O.C., Former Senior Federal Minister for British Columbia and Former Minister of Environment
Hon. W. David Angus, QC, Ad. E.
Iain Angus
Ann Atamanenko
The Honourable Eleni Bakopanos, P.C.
Leon Benoit
Tyrone Benskin
David Berger
Maxime Bernier, former Foreign Affaires Minister and now leader of the People’s Party of Canada
L’honorable Jean-Pierre Blackburn
Jean Jacques Blais, P.C., Q.C.
Rod Blaker
Peter Braid
Honorable Herb Breau P.C.
Hon. Pauline Browes, Former Minister of Indian Affairs
Dr. Jan Brown
Lois Brown
Robert Carrier
Hon. Sharon Carstairs PC CM, Former Government Leader Senate of Canada
Corneliu Chisu
Roger Clinch
Irwin Colter, former Minister of Justice and Attorney General
George Cooper
Paul Crete
Hon. Roy Cullen, P.C.
Libby Davies
Nicole Demers
Gilles Duceppe
Leo Duguay
Hon. Art Eggleton P.C.
John English
Ken Epp
Hon. Steven Fletcher
Joan Fraser
Gordon Gilchrist
The Honourable Shelly Glover P.C., Former Minister of Canadian Heritage and Minister for Official Languages for Canada as well as Regional Minister for Manitoba
The Hon. Jerry S. Grafstein
Hon. Bill Graham, P.C., C.M., Q.C., Former Foreign Minister and Minister of Defence
Richard Grisé
Sadia Groguhé
Gary M Gurbin
Jim Hart
Ross Harvey
Loyola Hearn, Former Minister of Fisheries and Oceans and Former Canadian Ambassador to Ireland
Ted Hsu
Lynn Hunter
Hon. David Kilgour, former Canadian Secretary of State for Asia-Pacific and former MP
MPP Daryl Kramp
Hon Walt Lastewka
Derek Lee
Pierre Lemieux
Wendy Lill
Hon. Peter Mackay, former Minister of Foreign Affairs Canada
Hon. Gurbax Singh Malhi
Arnold Malone
Peter Mancini
Richard Marceau
Inky Mark
Philip Mayfield
Murray McBride
Hon. John McDermid P.C.
Lynn McDoanld
Joe McGuire
Audrey McLaughlin
Hon. Tom McMillan P.C.
Isabelle Morin
Eva Nassif
Con Di Nino
Patrick W. O’Brien
John Oliver
Pierre A. Paquette
LaVar Payne
Jean-Claude Poissant
Hon. David Pratt, former Minister of National Defence
Hon. David W Price P.C.
Bob Rae, former Premier of Ontario and Federal MP
Nelson Riis
Svend Robinson
Bob Runciman
Terence J Sargeant
Rathika Sitsabaiesan
Hon Carol Skelton P.C.
Robert D. Sopuck
Thierry St-Cyr
Peter Stoffer
Mike Sullivan
Anna Terrana
Nycole Turmel
Barry Turner
Frank Valeriote
Angela Vautour
Ian G Waddell Q.C
John Weston
Nick Whalen
Rev. Lois M Wilson C.C.
Borys Wrzesnewskyj, Former Chair Canadian Nato Parliamentary Association
Wai Young
澳洲議員:
Kevin Andrews MP, Former Australian Defence Minister, Chairman of the Human Rights sub-committee of the Australian Parliamentary Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence, and Trade
George Christensen MP, Chair, Parliamentary Joint Standing Committee on Trade and Investment Growth
Andrew Hastie MP, Chairman of the Parliamentary Joint Committee for Intelligence and Security, Australia
Ian Goodenough MP
Peter Khalil MP, Member of the Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence, and Trade
Dr Daniel Mulino MP, Member for Fraser
Hon. Edward O’Donohue MP, Victorian Shadow Attorney-General
Dave Sharma MP
Phillip Thompson MP, Member of the Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade
Tim Wilson MP
Senator Eric Abetz, former Leader of the Government in the Senate
Senator Alex Antic
Senator Slade Brockman
Senator Matthew Canavan, former Minister for Resources
Senator Claire Chandler
Senator Raff Ciccone, Deputy Opposition Whip in the Senate
Senator David Fawcett, Chair of the Joint Standing Committee Foreign Affairs, Defence, and Trade, former Assistant Minister for Defence
Senator the Honourable Concetta Fierravanti-Wells, Chair of the Senate Standing Committee for the Scrutiny of Delegated Legislation and former Minister for International Development and the Pacific
Senator Kimberley Kitching, Shadow Assistant Minister for Government Accountability and member of the Joint Standing Committee Foreign Affairs, Defence, and Trade
Senator Jim Molan
Senator Matthew O’Sullivan
Senator James Paterson
Senator Tony Sheldon
Senator Amanda Stoker
Vicki Dunne, Deputy Speaker, Legislative Assembly for Australian Capital Territory
Bernie Finn MLC, member of the Victorian Legislative Council (upper house)
Janelle Saffin
Hon Michael Danby, former member for Melbourne Ports, former Chair of the Joint Standing Committee Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade
新西蘭議員:
Simeon Brown MP
Marama Davidson MP, co-leader of the Green Party
Simon O’Connor MP, Chair of the Foreign Affairs, Defence, and Trade Committee
Louisa Wall MP, Deputy Chair of PNND New Zealand and Co-Chair Cross Party Women Parliamentarians
德國議會議員:
Margarete Bause MdB, Green Party Spokeswoman for the Human Rights and Humanitarian AidCommittee
Dr. Danyal Bayaz MdB
Michael Brand MdB, CDU / CSU Spokesman for the Human Rights and Humanitarian Aid Committee
Peter Heidt MdB
Frank Heinrich MdB
Dr. Anton Hofreiter MdB
Eckhard Gnodtke MdB
Gyde Jensen MdB, the Chair of the Human Rights and Humanitarian Aid Committee
Frank Müller-Rosentritt MdB
Omid Nouripour MdB
Martin Patzelt MdB, member of the Human Rights and Humanitarian Aid Committee
Claudia Roth MdB, Vice President of German Bundestag
Dr. Frithjof Schmidt MdB
Jürgen Trittin MdB, former leader of the Greens and former Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation, and Nuclear Safety
德國前外交官:
Dr. Volker Stanzel, former German ambassador to China and Japan
意大利議員:
Alex Bazzaro MP
Matteo Luigi Bianchi MP
Enrico Borghi MP
Paolo Formentini MP, Vice-President Foreign Affairs Committee
Alessandro Giglio Vigna MP
Eugenio Zoffili MP
Senator Alessandro Alfieri
Senator Lucio Malan
Senator Roberto Rampi
Senator Adolfo Urso, former Deputy Minister of Productive Activities with delegation to foreign trade
意大利前議員:
Marco Beltrandi, former MP
Rita Bernardini, former MP
Sergio D’Elia, former MP
Amb. Giulio Terzi di Sant’Agata, former Minister of Foreign Affairs (President of the Global Committee for the Rule of Law “Marco Pannella”)
Elisabetta Zamparutti, former MP
瑞典議會議員:
Joar Forssell MP
Hampus Hagman MP
David Josefsson MP
Kerstin Lundgren MP
Frederik Malm MP
Niels Paarup-Petersen MP
Lorentz Tovatt MP
奧地利議員:
Dr. Ewa Ernst-Dziedzic MP
Michel Reimon MP
瑞典議員:
Joar Forssell MP
Hampus Hagman MP
David Josefsson MP
Kerstin Lundgren MP
Frederik Malm MP
Maria Nilsson MP
Lina Nordquist MP
Niels Paarup-Petersen MP
Yasmine Posio MP, member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs
Jonas Sjöstedt MP, party leader of the Left party
Håkan Svenneling MP, member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs
Lorentz Tovatt MP
Ilona Szatmári Waldau MP, member of the Committee on European Union Affairs
Solveig Zander MP
丹麥議會議員:
Uffe Elbæk MP, former Minister of Culture
Viggo Fischer, former member of parliament
挪威挑議員:
Ola Elvestuen MP
Trine Skei Grande MP
Tina Shagufta Munir Kornmo MP
荷蘭議員:
Kathalijne Buitenweg
Femke Merel van Kooten
Henk Krol
Bram van Ojik
Lilianne Ploumen
Sjoerd Sjoerdsma
Boris Dittrich
Ruud Koole
Ria Oomen-Ruijten
Mei Li Vos
Kathleen Ferrier, former Member of Parliament
Rick van der Ploeg, former Secretary of State for Culture and former Member of Parliament
比利時議員:
Séverine de Laveleye, Member of the Chamber of Representatives
愛爾蘭議員:
Senator Ronan Mullen
烏克蘭:
Hanna Hopko, former member of Parliament and Chairwoman of the Foreign Affairs Committee of Verkhovna Rada (2014-2019), zero Corruption Conference chairwoman, Head of the Board of National Interests advocacy network “ANTS”
Ihor Lutsenko, former member of Parliament (2014-2019), activist of the Revolution of Dignity
Dr. Ulana Suprun, Chairwoman of NGO ArcUA and former Acting Minister of Health (2016-2019)
立陶宛議會議員:
Mantas Adomenas MP
Arvydas Anusauskas MP
Audronius Azubalis MP, former Minister of Foreign Affairs
Laurynas Kasciunas MP
Gabrielius Landsbergis MP
Radvilė Morkunaite-Mikuleniene MP
Emanuelis Zingeris MP, Chair of the Subcommittee on Transatlantic Relations and Democratic Development
Žygimantas Pavilionis MP, former Ambassador of Lithuania to the United States of America
斯洛伐克議會議員:
Alojz Baránik MP
Ján Benčík MP
Peter Cmorej MP
Ondrej Dostál MP
Gábor Grendel MP, Deputy Speaker
Jarmila Halgašová MP
Radovan Kazda MP
Miroslav Kollár MP
Vladimíra Marcinková MP
Peter Osuský MP
Peter Pollák MP
Juraj Šeliga MP, Deputy Speaker
Andrej Stančík MP
Romana Tabák MP
Marián Viskupič MP
Anna Zemanová MP
Miroslav Žiak MP
Jana Žitňanská MP
斯洛伐克議會前議員:
František Šebej, former MP and Chair of the Foreign Affairs Committee
捷克議員:
Jan Lipavsky MP
科索沃議員:
Senton Kaçaniku, President of the Institute for Freedom and Justice
俄羅斯:
Vladimir Kara-Murza, Vice-President of the Free Russia Foundation
阿爾巴尼亞議員:
Fatmir Mediu MP, Former Minister of Defense of the Republic of Albania
馬來西亞議員及代表:
Andrew Khoo, Advocate and Solicitor, High Court of Malaya in Malaysia, former Co-Chair of the Human Rights Committee, Bar Council Malaysia
The Hon. Senator P. Waytha Moorthy
Charles Santiago MP, Chair of ASEAN Parliamentarians for Human Rights
馬爾代夫代表:
Dr Ahmed Shaheed, former Foreign Minister of the Maldives and Chair, Universal Rights Group, Geneva
緬甸議員及宗教領袖:
U Kyaw Min San, Member of the Bago Regional Parliament and former legal adviser to the International Commission of Jurists Office
His Eminence Cardinal Charles Bo, Archbishop of Yangon, Myanmar and President of the Federation of Asian Bishops Conferences
南韓代表:
Jin-Tae Kim, Member of the National Assembly and former Prosecutor (Chief of the Wonju Public Prosecutor's Office)
Jung-Hoon Lee, former Ambassador for Human Rights
Yanghee Lee, former UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar; former Chairperson of UN Committee on the Rights of the Child; Professor at Sungkyunkwan University South Korea
Kyung Won Na, member of the National Assembly and former Chair of the Foreign Relations and Unification Committee and floor leader of the main opposition party
Wonsik Shin, Member-elect of the National Assembly and retired Lieutenant General of the ROK Army
印度前議員:
Dr John Dayal, former President of the All India Catholic Union and Member of the National Integration Council
印尼前東南亞國家協會(ASEAN)代表:
Rafendi Djamin, former Representative of Indonesia to the ASEAN Inter-Governmental Commission on Human Rights
Yuyun Wahyuningrum, Representative of Indonesia to the ASEAN Inter-Governmental Commission on Human Rights
菲律賓議員:
Senator Risa Hontiveros, Chair of the Senate Women, Family Relations and Equality Committee
Senator Francis N. Pangilinan, former Senate Majority Leader
#超級國際文宣
原版名單:
https://www.hongkongwatch.org/…/patten-led-group-of-198-par…
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YouTube新片:
RTHK《視點31》完整無刪剪完整版(連圖文字畫不乎字幕)
https://youtu.be/HgKNJvZjAuw
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同時也有10000部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2,910的網紅コバにゃんチャンネル,也在其Youtube影片中提到,...
「zero growth policy」的推薦目錄:
zero growth policy 在 Goodbye HK, Hello UK Facebook 的最讚貼文
「千古罪人」同Sir Malcolm Rifkind嘅國際級文宣!
由前港督Lord Patten of Barnes同前英國外交大臣Hon Sir Malcolm Rifkind發起嘅國際聯署聲明,一個星期內由廿幾個國家嘅201個議員,依家聯署議員人數去到50國家728個議會政界人士!最壯觀不外乎係日本,不過唔該留意下嗰啲小國,例如科索沃、阿爾巴尼亞、立陶宛、斯洛伐克、緬甸等等小國,哪怕佢地得一兩個代表支持,但係以前人地國家出現問題,自問大家何曾理會過?睇完新聞下一秒就已經「哦,邊度黎㗎?」,然後食買玩揾錢唔記得...依家人地反而出黎支持...喂!簽個名有政治代價㗎,唔係應份!(本人自己都覺得有些少羞恥)
5月23號開始國際報導有19個國家(EU27國當一個)201位
5月26號30個國家284位
5月27號33個國家457位
5月28號33個國家659位
5月29號36個國家728位
肥彭見到之後表示:
"The statement shows growing and widespread international outrage at the decision by the Chinese government to unilaterally impose national security legislation in Hong Kong. The breadth of support, which spans all political parties and four continents, reflects both the severity of the situation and ongoing unified international support for the principle of one-country, two-systems."
(呢個聲明嘅簽署人數增長同國際上擴闊嘅速度,代表全世界都對中國單方面响香港行使國安法嘅不滿程度不斷增加。咁多地區同國家嘅跨黨派政界人士支持,就了解到情況有幾嚴重,同時代表國際幾咁支持香港維持「一國兩制」。)
仍然都係嗰句,728呢個唔係數字,除咗代表咗呢兩個廢國銀髮「舊電池」嘅外交文宣實力,亦表示全世界有咁多國家同地區嘅政界同民選議員,背負住佢地嘅選民支持香港(班「暴徒」)。請無知的Haters、Doubters、負能樣唔好再用簡單易分法將一個國家當係黃藍店或者偽人,剩係得「奶」同「唔奶」!因為佢地都係有名有姓,為咗尊重,係需要再重新列多次,今次長三倍!
廢國下議院議員:
Debbie Abrahams MP, former Shadow Secretary of State for Work and Pensions
Gareth Bacon MP
Andrew Bowie MP
Andrew Bridgen MP
Anthony Browne MP
Fiona Bruce MP, Chair of the Conservative Party Human Rights Commission
Chris Bryant MP, Member of the UK Foreign Affairs Committee
Alistair Carmichael MP, Liberal Democrats Foreign Affairs Spokesman
Wendy Chamberlain MP
Sarah Champion MP, Chair of the International Development Committee
Daisy Cooper MP
Neil Coyle MP, Member of the Foreign Affairs Committee
Rt. Hon Ed Davey MP, Leader of the Liberal Democrats and former Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change
Geraint Davies MP
Dr James Davies MP
Dehenna Davison MP
Martyn Day MP
Dave Doogan MP
Peter Dowd MP, former Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury
Tim Farron MP, former Leader of the Liberal Democrats
Simon Fell MP
Marion Fellows, MP
Rt. Hon Liam Fox MP, former Defence Secretary and International Trade Secretary
Rt. Hon Damian Green MP, former Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for the Cabinet Office
Jonathan Gullis MP
Andrew Gwynne MP, former Shadow Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government
Antony Higginbotham MP
Wera Hobhouse MP
Kevin Hollinrake MP
Christine Jardine MP
Imran Khan MP
Daniel Kawczynski MP
Chris Law MP, SNP Spokesperson for International Development
Caroline Lucas MP
Craig Mackinlay MP
Paul Maynard MP
Jason McCartney MP
Stewart M McDonald MP, Member of the UK Foreign Affairs Committee
Anne McLaughlin MP
Gagan Mohindra MP
Carol Monaghan MP
Layla Moran MP
Kieran Mullen MP
Caroline Nokes MP
Sarah Olney MP
Tom Randall MP
Rob Roberts MP
Andrew Rosindell MP, Member of the UK Foreign Affairs Committee
Bob Seely MP, Member of the UK Foreign Affairs Committee
Andrew Selous MP
Virendra Sharma MP
Henry Smith MP, Member of the UK Foreign Affairs Committee
Rt.Hon Sir Iain Duncan Smith MP, former Secretary of State for Work andPensions and Leader of the Conservative Party
Alyn Smith MP, SNP spokesman for International Affairs
Jamie Stone MP
Rt. Hon Stephen Timms MP, Chair of the Work and Pensions Select Committee
Tom Tugendhat MP, Chair of the Foreign Affairs Select Committee
Jamie Wallis MP
James Wild MP
Craig Williams MP
Munira Wilson MP
廢國上議院議員:
Rt. Hon Lord Addington
Rt. Hon Lord Alderdice, former President of Liberal International
Lord Alton of Liverpool
Rt. Hon. Lord Adonis
Rt. Hon Lord Arbuthnot of Edrom
Rt. Revd Nicholas Baines, Bishop of Leeds
Baroness Bakewell of Hardington Mandeville
Rt. Hon Lord Balfe
Rt. Hon Baroness Barker
Baroness Bennett of Manor Castle, former Leader of the Green Party
Lord Blackheath
Rt. Hon Baroness Blackstone
Rt. Hon Baroness Boothroyd of Sandwell, former Speaker of the House of Commons
Baroness Bonham-Carter of Yarnbury
Lord Bowness
Rt. Hon Lord Boyle, Earl of Cork and Orrery
Baroness Burt of Solihull
Rt. Hon. Lord Campbell of Pittenweem QC, former leader of the Liberal Democrats
Rt. Hon Baroness Chalker of Wallasey
Lord Craig of Radley, former Chief of the Defence Staff
The Lord Bishop of Coventry
Baroness Cox of Queensbury
Rt. Hon Baroness D’Souza, former Lord Speaker
Rt. Hon Lord Dholakia OBE
Rt. Hon Lord Dubs
Lord Foster of Bath
Rt. Hon Baroness Falkner of Margravine
Rt. Hon Lord Fox
Rt. Hon Baroness Garden of Frognal
Lord German
Lord Gilbert of Panteg
The Earl of Glasgow
Rt. Hon Lord Goldsmith of Allerton, former Attorney General
Rt. Hon Lord Hain of Neath, former Secretary of State for Work and Pensions and Northern Ireland
Baroness Hamwee
Lord Hannay of Chiswick, former UK Ambassador to the United Nations
Baroness Harris of Richmond, Deputy Speaker of the House of Lords
Lord Hogan-Howe of Sheffield, former Metropolitan Police Commissioner
Rt. Hon Lord Howard of Lympne, former Home Secretary and Leader of the Conservative Party
Baroness Humphreys
Rt. Hon Lord Hunt of Kings Heath
Rt. Hon Lord Hylton
Baroness Janke
Rt Hon. Baroness Jolly
Lord Jones of Cheltenham
Baroness Kennedy QC of the Shaws
Rt. Hon Lord King of Bridgewater, former Defence Secretary and Northern Ireland Secretary
Rt. Hon Lord Kinnock, former Leader of the Labour Party and Vice-President of the European Commission
Lord Kirkharle of Curry
Rt Hon. Baroness Kramer
Rt. Hon. Lord Levy, former special envoy to the Middle East
Rt. Hon Baroness Lister of Burtersett
Lord Lucas
Baroness Ludford
Lord Marks of Henley-on-Thames
Rt. Hon Lord Murphy of Torfaen
Lord Newby, Leader of the Liberal Democrats in the House of Lords
Rt Hon. Baroness Northover
Lord Oates
Lord Palmer of Childs Hill
Baroness Pinnock
Lord Pendry of Stalybridge, Middleweight Colonial boxing champion, Hong Kong 1957
Lord Purvis of Tweed
Lord Razzall
Lord Rennard
Lord Ricketts, former Permanent Secretary at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and former Chairman of the Joint Intelligence Committee
Lord Scriven
Lord Sharkey
Lord Shipley
Rt. Hon Lord Shutt of Greetland
Baroness Smith of Newnham
Rt. Hon Baroness Stern
Lord Strasburger
Baroness Stroud
Rt. Hon Baroness Suttie
Rt. Hon Lord Swinfen
Baroness Thomas of Winchester
Baroness Thornhill MBE
Lord Tope
Lord Trees
Rt. Hon Viscount Trenchard
Rt. Hon Lord Tugendhat, Former Vice-President of the European Commission
Baroness Tyler of Enfield
Lord Wallace of Saltaire
Lord Wallace of Tankerness, former Deputy First Minister of Scotland
Baroness Walmsley
Rt. Hon and Rt. Revd Lord Williams of Oystermouth, former Archbishop of Canterbury
Lord Willoughby de Broke
Lord Wood of Anfield
Lord Wrigglesworth
蘇格蘭議員:
Ruth Davidson MSP, former leader of the Scottish Conservative Party
Ross Greer MSP, Scottish Green External Affairs Spokesperson
威爾斯議會議員:
Angela Burns MS
Andrew RT Davies MS
Paul Davies MS
Mark Isherwood MS
Caroline Jones MS
Mandy Jones MS
Darren Millar MS
Mark Reckless MS
David Rowlands MS
廢國其他人士:
Bill Browder
廢國前議員:
Rt. Hon John Bercow, former Speaker of the House of Commons and former MP
Rt. Hon David Miliband, former Foreign Secretary and MP
Rt. Hon Rory Stewart, former Secretary of State for International Development and former MP
Rt. Hon Jack Straw, former Foreign Secretary, Home Secretary, and Justice Secretary and former MP
廢國前駐美帝大使:
Sir David Manning, former UK Ambassador to the United States of America
宗教領袖:
Dr Desmond Biddulph CBE, President The Buddhist Society
Fr Timothy Radcliffe, former Master of the Dominican Order Worldwide
美帝參議員:
Senator Benjamin L Cardin, Ranking Member of the Senate Small Business Committee
Senator Ted Cruz, Member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee
Senator Josh Hawley
Senator Edward J Markey, Ranking Member of the Subcommittee on East Asia, the Pacific, and International Cybersecurity Policy
Senator Robert Menendez, Ranking Member, Senate Foreign Relations Committee
Senator Marco Rubio, Acting Chair of the Senate Intelligence Committee
美帝眾議院議員:
Congressman Robert B Aderholt
Congressman Ami Bera, Chairman of the Subcommittee on Asia, the Pacific, and Non-proliferation, House Foreign Affairs Committee
Congressman Eliot L Engel, Chairman of US House of Representatives Committee on Foreign Affairs
Congressman Mike Gallagher
Congressman Vicky Hartzler
Congressman Michael T McCaul, ranking member of US House of Representatives Committee on Foreign Affairs
Congressman James McGovern, co-chair of the Congressional Executive Commission on China
Congressman Adam B Schiff, Chairman of the US House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence
Congressman Adam Smith, Chairman of US House of Representatives Committee on Armed Services
Congressman Christopher Smith, former Chair of the House Veterans' Affairs Committee
Congressman Tom Suozzi
Congressman Ted Yoho, ranking member of the Subcommittee on Asia, the Pacific, and Non-proliferation, US House of Representatives Committee on Foreign Affairs
Frank Wolf, Member of Congress 1981-2014 (retired)
美帝前外交官:
Derek Mitchell, President of the National Democratic Institute and former Ambassador to Burma
Samantha Power, former USA Ambassador to the United Nations
Grover Joseph Rees, former USA Ambassador to East Timor
美帝人權及學術界:
Professor Jerome A. Cohen, Professor of law at New York University School of Law, founding director of its US-Asia Law Institute and adjunct senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations
Garry Kasparov, Chairman of Human Rights Foundation
Daniel Twining, President of the International Republican Institute
歐盟議會議員:
Alviina Alamesta MEP (Greens, Finland)
Francois Alfonsi MEP (Greens, Germany)
Gerolf Annemans MEP (Identity and Democracy Group, Belgium)
Margrete Auken MEP (Greens, Denmark)
Petras Austrevicuis MEP (Renew Europe, Lithuania)
Malik Azmani MEP, (Renew Europe, Netherlands), First-Vice Chair of Renew Europe Group
Jose Ramon Bauza Diaz MEP (Renew Europe, Spain)
Francois-Xavier Bellamy MEP (European People’s Party, France)
Vladimír Bilčík MEP (European People’s Party, Slovakia)
Benoit Biteau MEP (Greens, France)
Malin Björk MEP (European United Left - Nordic Green Left, Sweden)
Michael Bloss MEP (Greens, Germany)
Damian Boeselager MEP (Greens, Germany)
Geert Bourgeois MEP (European Conservatives and Reformists, Belgium)
Reinhard Buetikofer MEP (Greens, Germany)
Damien Careme MEP (Greens, France)
Anna Cavazzini MEP (Greens, Germany)
Olivier Chastel MEP (Renew Europe, Belgium)
David Cormand MEP (Greens, France)
Katalin Cseh MEP (Renew Europe, Hungary)
Ciaran Cuffe MEP (Greens, Ireland)
Gwendoline Delbos-Corfield MEP (Greens, France)
Karima Delli MEP (Greens, France)
Pascal Durand MEP (Renew Europe, France)
Bas Eickhout MEP (Vice-Chair Greens, Netherlands)
Engin Eroglu MEP (Renew Europe, Germany)
Anna Fotyga MEP, (European Conservatives & Reformists) Poland former Foreign Secretary of Poland
Daniel Freund MEP (Greens, Germany)
Michael Gahler MEP (European People’s Party, Germany)
Evelyne Gebhardt MEP (Socialists & Democrats, Germany)
Sven Giegold MEP (Greens, Germany)
Raphaël Glucksmann MEP (Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats, France)
Markéta Gregorová MEP (Greens, Czech Republic)
Bart Groothuis MEP (Renew, Netherlands)
Claude Gruffat MEP (Greens, France)
Francisco Guerreiro MEP (Greens, Portugal)
Bernard Guetta MEP (Renew Europe, France)
Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice President of the European Parliament (Greens/European Free Alliance, Finland)
Yannick Jadot MEP (Greens, France)
Rasa Jukneviciene MEP, (European People’s Party, Lithuania) former Minister of Defence of Lithuania and former President of the NATO Parliamentary Assembly
Eugen Jurzyca MEP (European Conservatives & Reformists, Slovakia)
Assista Kanko MEP (Vice Chair of the European Conservatives and Reformists, Belgium)
Karin Karlsbro MEP (Renew Europe, Sweden)
Moritz Körner MEP (Renew Europe, Germany)
Andrius Kibilius MEP (European People’s Party, Lithuania), former Prime Minister of Lithuania
Ilhan Kyuchyuk, MEP (Renew Europe, Bulgaria), Vice President of the ALDE
Philippe Lamberts MEP (Co-President Greens, Belgium)
David Lega MEP (European People's Party, Sweden)
Miriam Lexmann MEP (European People’s Party, Slovakia)
Erik Marquardt MEP (Greens, Germany)
Javier Nart MEP (Renew Europe, Spain)
Lucia Ďuriš Nicholsonová MEP (European Conservatives & Reformists, Slovakia)
Niklas Nienaß MEP (Greens, Germany), Coordinator in the Committee on Regional Development, Member of the Committee on Culture and Education
Urmas Paet MEP (Renew Europe, Estonia), former Foreign Secretary of Estonia
Mikulas Peksa MEP (Greens, Czechia)
Kira Peter-Hansen MEP (Greens, Denmark)
Kati Piri MEP (Vice-President of the group of Socialists and Democrats, Netherlands)
Guliano Pisapia MEP (Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats, Italy)
Peter Pollák MEP (European People’s Party, Slovakia)
Terry Reintke MEP (Vice-Chair Greens, Germany)
Diana Riba I Giner MEP (Greens, Spain)
Michèle Rivasi MEP (Greens, France)
Dorien Rookmaker MEP (GO, Netherlands)
Caroline Roose MEP (Greens, France)
Bert-Jan Ruissen MEP (European Conservatives and Reformists Group, Netherlands)
Mounir Satouri MEP (Greens, France)
Petra de Sutter MEP (Greens, Belgium)
Michaela Šojdrová MEP (European People’s Party, Czech Republic)
Ivan Štefanec MEP (European People’s Party, Slovakia)
Tineke Strik MEP (Greens, Netherlands)
Antonio Tajani MEP (European People’s Party, Italy), former President of the European Parliament
Hermann Tertsch MEP, (European Conservatives and Reformists Group, Spain)
Romana Tomc MEP (European People’s Party, Slovenia)
Marie Toussaint MEP (Greens, France)
Ernest Urtasun MEP (Greens, Spain)
Hilde Vautmans MEP (Renew Europe, Belgium)
Guy Verhofstadt MEP (Renew Europe, Belgium), former Prime Minister of Belgium
Thomas Waitz MEP (Greens, Austria)
Lara Wolters MEP (Socialists and Democrats, Netherlands)
Salima Yenbou MEP (Greens, France)
前歐盟議會議員:
John Cushnahan (Ireland), European Parliament Rapporteur on Hong Kong from 1997 -2004, member of the Northern Ireland Assembly 1982-86 and leader of the Alliance Party
前歐盟專員:
Jan Figel, former Deputy Prime Minister of Slovakia and EU Special Envoy for Promotion Freedom of Religion or Belief outside of the EU
日本國會議員:
Sen. Shigeharu Aoyama
Sen. Haruko Arimura
Sen. Tadayoshi Ichida
Sen. Taiga Ishikawa
Sen. Yoshiko Kira
Sen. Yukihito Koga
Sen. Akira Koike
Sen. Takashi Koyari
Sen. Akiko Kurabayashi
Sen. Yuichi Mayama
Sen. Tamayo Marukawa
Sen. Teruhiko Mashiko
Sen. Junko Mihara
Sen. Shingo Miyake
Sen. Satoshi Nakanishi
Sen. Katsumi Ogawa
Sen. Kimi Onoda
Sen. Masahisa Sato
Sen. Hideya Sugio
Sen. Katsunori Takahashi
Sen. Ryosuke Takeda
Sen. Hirofumi Takinami
Sen. Hiroshi Yamada
Sen. Eriko Yamatani
Sen. Taku Yamazoe
Rep. Yukihiko Akutsu
Rep. Akira Amari
Rep. Yoichi Anami
Rep. Hiroshi Andou
Rep. Akinori Eto
Rep. Yasufumi Fujino
Rep. Keiji Furuya
Rep. Kentaro Gemma
Rep. Yoshiaki Harada
Rep. Hiroshi Hase
Rep. Kaichi Hasegawa
Rep. Kimie Hatano
Rep. Yasushi Hosaka
Rep. Kenichi Hosoda
Rep. Maki Ikeda
Rep. Shinji Inoue
Rep. Masatoshi Ishida
Rep. Akimasa Ishikawa
Rep. Kaori Ishikawa
Rep. Tohru Ishizaki
Rep. Takeshi Iwaya
Rep. Mito Kakizawa
Rep. Akiko Kamei
Rep. Yasushi Kaneko
Rep. Akira Kasai
Rep. Hitoshi Kikawada
Rep. Tetsuya Kimura
Rep. Shuhei Kishimoto
Rep. Minoru Kiuchi
Rep. Keiji Kokuta
Rep. Seiichi Kushida
Rep. Jin Matsubara
Rep. Koichi Matsudaira
Rep. Hidehiro Mitani
Rep. Hiromi Mitsubayashi
Rep. Shin Miyakawa
Rep. Tooru Miyamoto
Rep. Hiroyuki Miyazawa
Rep. Nobuko Motomura
Rep. Fumiyoshi Murakami
Rep. Shunsuke Mutai
Rep. Youji Muto
Rep. Takashi Nagao
Rep. Keiko Nagaoka
Rep. Akihisa Nagashima
Rep. Hiroyuki Nakamura
Rep. Kishiro Nakamura
Rep. Yasutaka Nakasone
Rep. Gen Nakatani
Rep. Kazuma Nakatani
Rep. Hideki Niwa
Rep. Kazuhide Okuma
Rep. Makoto Oniki
Rep. Hiroyuki Onishi
Rep. Kensuke Onishi
Rep. Hiroaki Saitoh
Rep. Yoshitaka Sakurada
Rep. Shu Sakurai
Rep. Hiroyoshi Sasakawa
Rep. Akio Sato
Rep. Masahiko Shibayama
Rep. Tadashi Shimizu
Rep. Ryu Shionoya
Rep. Mio Sugita
Rep. Junji Suzuki
Rep. Kaname Tajima
Rep. Kei Takagi
Rep. Takashi Takai
Rep. Tom Tanigawa
Rep. Kiyoto Tsuji
Rep. Hiroshi Ueno
Rep. Yoshiaki Wada
Rep. Kenji Yamada
Rep. Miki Yamada
Rep. Shunichi Yamaguchi
Rep. Shiori Yamao
Rep. Takashi Yamashita
加拿大議員:
Hon. Jim Abbott P.C., Parl. Sec. to the Minister of International Cooperation
Honourable Diane Ablonczy P.C.
The Hon David Anderson, P.C., O.C., Former Senior Federal Minister for British Columbia and Former Minister of Environment
Hon. W. David Angus, QC, Ad. E.
Iain Angus
Ann Atamanenko
The Honourable Eleni Bakopanos, P.C.
Leon Benoit
Tyrone Benskin
David Berger
Maxime Bernier, former Foreign Affaires Minister and now leader of the People’s Party of Canada
L’honorable Jean-Pierre Blackburn
Jean Jacques Blais, P.C., Q.C.
Rod Blaker
Peter Braid
Honorable Herb Breau P.C.
Hon. Pauline Browes, Former Minister of Indian Affairs
Dr. Jan Brown
Lois Brown
Robert Carrier
Hon. Sharon Carstairs PC CM, Former Government Leader Senate of Canada
Corneliu Chisu
Roger Clinch
Irwin Colter, former Minister of Justice and Attorney General
George Cooper
Paul Crete
Hon. Roy Cullen, P.C.
Libby Davies
Nicole Demers
Gilles Duceppe
Leo Duguay
Hon. Art Eggleton P.C.
John English
Ken Epp
Hon. Steven Fletcher
Joan Fraser
Gordon Gilchrist
The Honourable Shelly Glover P.C., Former Minister of Canadian Heritage and Minister for Official Languages for Canada as well as Regional Minister for Manitoba
The Hon. Jerry S. Grafstein
Hon. Bill Graham, P.C., C.M., Q.C., Former Foreign Minister and Minister of Defence
Richard Grisé
Sadia Groguhé
Gary M Gurbin
Jim Hart
Ross Harvey
Loyola Hearn, Former Minister of Fisheries and Oceans and Former Canadian Ambassador to Ireland
Ted Hsu
Lynn Hunter
Hon. David Kilgour, former Canadian Secretary of State for Asia-Pacific and former MP
MPP Daryl Kramp
Hon Walt Lastewka
Derek Lee
Pierre Lemieux
Wendy Lill
Hon. Peter Mackay, former Minister of Foreign Affairs Canada
Hon. Gurbax Singh Malhi
Arnold Malone
Peter Mancini
Richard Marceau
Inky Mark
Philip Mayfield
Murray McBride
Hon. John McDermid P.C.
Lynn McDoanld
Joe McGuire
Audrey McLaughlin
Hon. Tom McMillan P.C.
Isabelle Morin
Eva Nassif
Con Di Nino
Patrick W. O’Brien
John Oliver
Pierre A. Paquette
LaVar Payne
Jean-Claude Poissant
Hon. David Pratt, former Minister of National Defence
Hon. David W Price P.C.
Bob Rae, former Premier of Ontario and Federal MP
Nelson Riis
Svend Robinson
Bob Runciman
Terence J Sargeant
Rathika Sitsabaiesan
Hon Carol Skelton P.C.
Robert D. Sopuck
Thierry St-Cyr
Peter Stoffer
Mike Sullivan
Anna Terrana
Nycole Turmel
Barry Turner
Frank Valeriote
Angela Vautour
Ian G Waddell Q.C
John Weston
Nick Whalen
Rev. Lois M Wilson C.C.
Borys Wrzesnewskyj, Former Chair Canadian Nato Parliamentary Association
Wai Young
澳洲議員:
Kevin Andrews MP, Former Australian Defence Minister, Chairman of the Human Rights sub-committee of the Australian Parliamentary Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence, and Trade
George Christensen MP, Chair, Parliamentary Joint Standing Committee on Trade and Investment Growth
Andrew Hastie MP, Chairman of the Parliamentary Joint Committee for Intelligence and Security, Australia
Ian Goodenough MP
Peter Khalil MP, Member of the Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence, and Trade
Dr Daniel Mulino MP, Member for Fraser
Hon. Edward O’Donohue MP, Victorian Shadow Attorney-General
Dave Sharma MP
Phillip Thompson MP, Member of the Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade
Tim Wilson MP
Senator Eric Abetz, former Leader of the Government in the Senate
Senator Alex Antic
Senator Slade Brockman
Senator Matthew Canavan, former Minister for Resources
Senator Claire Chandler
Senator Raff Ciccone, Deputy Opposition Whip in the Senate
Senator David Fawcett, Chair of the Joint Standing Committee Foreign Affairs, Defence, and Trade, former Assistant Minister for Defence
Senator the Honourable Concetta Fierravanti-Wells, Chair of the Senate Standing Committee for the Scrutiny of Delegated Legislation and former Minister for International Development and the Pacific
Senator Kimberley Kitching, Shadow Assistant Minister for Government Accountability and member of the Joint Standing Committee Foreign Affairs, Defence, and Trade
Senator Jim Molan
Senator Matthew O’Sullivan
Senator James Paterson
Senator Tony Sheldon
Senator Amanda Stoker
Vicki Dunne, Deputy Speaker, Legislative Assembly for Australian Capital Territory
Bernie Finn MLC, member of the Victorian Legislative Council (upper house)
Janelle Saffin
Hon Michael Danby, former member for Melbourne Ports, former Chair of the Joint Standing Committee Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade
新西蘭議員:
Simeon Brown MP
Marama Davidson MP, co-leader of the Green Party
Simon O’Connor MP, Chair of the Foreign Affairs, Defence, and Trade Committee
Louisa Wall MP, Deputy Chair of PNND New Zealand and Co-Chair Cross Party Women Parliamentarians
德國議會議員:
Margarete Bause MdB, Green Party Spokeswoman for the Human Rights and Humanitarian AidCommittee
Dr. Danyal Bayaz MdB
Michael Brand MdB, CDU / CSU Spokesman for the Human Rights and Humanitarian Aid Committee
Peter Heidt MdB
Frank Heinrich MdB
Dr. Anton Hofreiter MdB
Eckhard Gnodtke MdB
Gyde Jensen MdB, the Chair of the Human Rights and Humanitarian Aid Committee
Frank Müller-Rosentritt MdB
Omid Nouripour MdB
Martin Patzelt MdB, member of the Human Rights and Humanitarian Aid Committee
Claudia Roth MdB, Vice President of German Bundestag
Dr. Frithjof Schmidt MdB
Jürgen Trittin MdB, former leader of the Greens and former Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation, and Nuclear Safety
德國前外交官:
Dr. Volker Stanzel, former German ambassador to China and Japan
意大利議員:
Alex Bazzaro MP
Matteo Luigi Bianchi MP
Enrico Borghi MP
Paolo Formentini MP, Vice-President Foreign Affairs Committee
Alessandro Giglio Vigna MP
Eugenio Zoffili MP
Senator Alessandro Alfieri
Senator Lucio Malan
Senator Roberto Rampi
Senator Adolfo Urso, former Deputy Minister of Productive Activities with delegation to foreign trade
意大利前議員:
Marco Beltrandi, former MP
Rita Bernardini, former MP
Sergio D’Elia, former MP
Amb. Giulio Terzi di Sant’Agata, former Minister of Foreign Affairs (President of the Global Committee for the Rule of Law “Marco Pannella”)
Elisabetta Zamparutti, former MP
瑞典議會議員:
Joar Forssell MP
Hampus Hagman MP
David Josefsson MP
Kerstin Lundgren MP
Frederik Malm MP
Niels Paarup-Petersen MP
Lorentz Tovatt MP
奧地利議員:
Dr. Ewa Ernst-Dziedzic MP
Michel Reimon MP
瑞典議員:
Joar Forssell MP
Hampus Hagman MP
David Josefsson MP
Kerstin Lundgren MP
Frederik Malm MP
Maria Nilsson MP
Lina Nordquist MP
Niels Paarup-Petersen MP
Yasmine Posio MP, member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs
Jonas Sjöstedt MP, party leader of the Left party
Håkan Svenneling MP, member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs
Lorentz Tovatt MP
Ilona Szatmári Waldau MP, member of the Committee on European Union Affairs
Solveig Zander MP
丹麥議會議員:
Uffe Elbæk MP, former Minister of Culture
Viggo Fischer, former member of parliament
挪威挑議員:
Ola Elvestuen MP
Trine Skei Grande MP
Tina Shagufta Munir Kornmo MP
荷蘭議員:
Kathalijne Buitenweg
Femke Merel van Kooten
Henk Krol
Bram van Ojik
Lilianne Ploumen
Sjoerd Sjoerdsma
Boris Dittrich
Ruud Koole
Ria Oomen-Ruijten
Mei Li Vos
Kathleen Ferrier, former Member of Parliament
Rick van der Ploeg, former Secretary of State for Culture and former Member of Parliament
比利時議員:
Séverine de Laveleye, Member of the Chamber of Representatives
愛爾蘭議員:
Senator Ronan Mullen
烏克蘭:
Hanna Hopko, former member of Parliament and Chairwoman of the Foreign Affairs Committee of Verkhovna Rada (2014-2019), zero Corruption Conference chairwoman, Head of the Board of National Interests advocacy network “ANTS”
Ihor Lutsenko, former member of Parliament (2014-2019), activist of the Revolution of Dignity
Dr. Ulana Suprun, Chairwoman of NGO ArcUA and former Acting Minister of Health (2016-2019)
立陶宛議會議員:
Mantas Adomenas MP
Arvydas Anusauskas MP
Audronius Azubalis MP, former Minister of Foreign Affairs
Laurynas Kasciunas MP
Gabrielius Landsbergis MP
Radvilė Morkunaite-Mikuleniene MP
Emanuelis Zingeris MP, Chair of the Subcommittee on Transatlantic Relations and Democratic Development
Žygimantas Pavilionis MP, former Ambassador of Lithuania to the United States of America
斯洛伐克議會議員:
Alojz Baránik MP
Ján Benčík MP
Peter Cmorej MP
Ondrej Dostál MP
Gábor Grendel MP, Deputy Speaker
Jarmila Halgašová MP
Radovan Kazda MP
Miroslav Kollár MP
Vladimíra Marcinková MP
Peter Osuský MP
Peter Pollák MP
Juraj Šeliga MP, Deputy Speaker
Andrej Stančík MP
Romana Tabák MP
Marián Viskupič MP
Anna Zemanová MP
Miroslav Žiak MP
Jana Žitňanská MP
斯洛伐克議會前議員:
František Šebej, former MP and Chair of the Foreign Affairs Committee
捷克議員:
Jan Lipavsky MP
科索沃議員:
Senton Kaçaniku, President of the Institute for Freedom and Justice
俄羅斯:
Vladimir Kara-Murza, Vice-President of the Free Russia Foundation
阿爾巴尼亞議員:
Fatmir Mediu MP, Former Minister of Defense of the Republic of Albania
馬來西亞議員及代表:
Andrew Khoo, Advocate and Solicitor, High Court of Malaya in Malaysia, former Co-Chair of the Human Rights Committee, Bar Council Malaysia
The Hon. Senator P. Waytha Moorthy
Charles Santiago MP, Chair of ASEAN Parliamentarians for Human Rights
馬爾代夫代表:
Dr Ahmed Shaheed, former Foreign Minister of the Maldives and Chair, Universal Rights Group, Geneva
緬甸議員及宗教領袖:
U Kyaw Min San, Member of the Bago Regional Parliament and former legal adviser to the International Commission of Jurists Office
His Eminence Cardinal Charles Bo, Archbishop of Yangon, Myanmar and President of the Federation of Asian Bishops Conferences
南韓代表:
Jin-Tae Kim, Member of the National Assembly and former Prosecutor (Chief of the Wonju Public Prosecutor's Office)
Jung-Hoon Lee, former Ambassador for Human Rights
Yanghee Lee, former UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar; former Chairperson of UN Committee on the Rights of the Child; Professor at Sungkyunkwan University South Korea
Kyung Won Na, member of the National Assembly and former Chair of the Foreign Relations and Unification Committee and floor leader of the main opposition party
Wonsik Shin, Member-elect of the National Assembly and retired Lieutenant General of the ROK Army
印度前議員:
Dr John Dayal, former President of the All India Catholic Union and Member of the National Integration Council
印尼前東南亞國家協會(ASEAN)代表:
Rafendi Djamin, former Representative of Indonesia to the ASEAN Inter-Governmental Commission on Human Rights
Yuyun Wahyuningrum, Representative of Indonesia to the ASEAN Inter-Governmental Commission on Human Rights
菲律賓議員:
Senator Risa Hontiveros, Chair of the Senate Women, Family Relations and Equality Committee
Senator Francis N. Pangilinan, former Senate Majority Leader
#超級國際文宣
原版名單:
https://www.hongkongwatch.org/all-posts/2020/5/23/patten-led-group-of-198-parliamentarians-from-23-countries-decry-flagrant-breach-of-the-sino-british-joint-declaration
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RTHK《視點31》完整無刪剪完整版(連圖文字畫不乎字幕)
https://youtu.be/HgKNJvZjAuw
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zero growth policy 在 元毓 Facebook 的精選貼文
【美國失業人數破2千萬為何股市上漲?再來怎麼看?】
(文長圖多,建議點連結閱讀)
答案是因為通膨預期與病毒實質危害不大,分別解釋如下:
一、 通膨預期
根據卡內基梅隆大學經濟學教授Allan Meltzer研究發現,1941年到1945年這段時間Fed採取的貨幣寬鬆政策,造成股市年複合成長率高達51.5%,但同時段CPI年複合增長率僅5%左右。這意味股價與實體經濟不但可以脫鉤,而且幅度也可以相當巨大,時間可以相當長。反之,從CPI去觀察通貨膨脹是無效且錯誤的,這一塊我會另以新文章解釋。
另一方面通貨膨脹不見得是一種「普遍性」現象均勻地發生在所有的貨物服務價格上,通常反而是存在「密度不同」現象-- 在不同資產類別上,各有不同的通膨效果,所謂Cantillon Effect是也。這個觀念我在好幾年前也談過,此不贅述。
貨幣理論大師Milton Friedman也分別從1920年代/1990年代的美國、與1980年代的日本,三個時期的研究證明貨幣總量的增加會顯著造成股市整體上漲。此外Friedman更進一步點出,當股市因泡沫破裂崩盤後,貨幣總量的增加或減少,會更進一步影響崩盤後的股價表現。
此次Covid-19疫情下,因政府選擇lockdown造成經濟全面停擺,美國Fed祭出前所未見的瘋狂印鈔救市(見圖一),其瘋狂程度大破歷史紀錄!
為何Fed如此瘋狂?請參見我之前寫過的三篇文章:
「利率倒掛與repo rate」
「為何此次崩盤黃金也跟著跌黃金不是避險工具嗎?」
「黃金與美國政府債券價格的現階段意義」
我在這三篇文章清楚解釋repo利率、十年國債利率乃至於美國地方政府債券利率等,都是3月份以來Fed必須強力壓抑以避免資產價格全面崩盤、美國州政府以下破產,人民也因利率飆漲房貸、車貸違約沖天被迫私人破產等恐怖惡性循環。尤以Fed針對持有美國國債的外國中央銀行快速設立FIMA Repo Facility用意最是明顯,足證Fed其實很害怕他國央行趁機在債券市場倒貨換現誘發美國國債利率飆升與流動性乾涸同時發生從而窒息美國經濟。
從經濟學理論看,Fed作為央行角色,除了快速擴大自身資產負債表以及破天荒新增注資管道之外,其實別無他法。真實世界我們也看到此次Fed諸多破天荒的措施,例如成立PMCCF & SMCCF、Main Street Lending Program、Municipal Liquidity Facility與直接購買ETF…等,金額也都是前無古人地幾千億、上兆美元狂灑。
這也表示Fed此次介入之廣、印鈔速度之快,與2008年金融危機時截然不同,自然也會在資產價格上產生不同效果。
總的來看,Fed透過上述債券或商業票券管道注資,過低的債券殖利率勢必壓擠市場原有資金尋找其他投資標的,因此可想而知對股市資產價格通膨預期會產生強大影響。
是的,根據I. Fisher的利息理論,股票資產價格應該是反映未來收入流折現之總和,W=I/r是也。但Fisher的利息理論並無貨幣因素考量。當通膨發生時,W的名義價格成長速度是可以抵過Income的悲觀預期改變。更何況,真實經濟並未因Covid-19重創,我放到第二點談。
順道一提,價值投資這個投資方法究其核心邏輯完全忽略了「貨幣因素」如此重要的侷限條件,而這是個大問題。也正因為如此,價值投資奉行者一旦碰上貨幣現象強烈變化時就容易手足無措、不知如何處置。這在2008年後的十年來最為明顯,就連巴菲特1965年以來的驚人長期績效也在近十年越趨平淡。(見表)
我認為與資金數額大過一定量後,轉受到『邊際生產力遞減』的影響也有關係,但正也因為巴菲特手頭資金夠大,他主要用來降低股票買入成本的手法(特別股議價機會與股票選擇權操作)方可實施。所以要精準分析出貨幣因素與巴菲特80%價值投資之間的相互影響關係,我認為不容易且工程浩大。如果讀者有興趣,有機會我再詳談巴菲特怎麼用比市價更低的方式買入股票。
從投資角度與更進階的經濟學角度看,Fed如此高強度介入債券乃至於他種證券(股票、商業票券)市場的貨幣政策,也會讓傳統以長短期債券利率差預估通貨膨脹率等總體經濟學常見手法通通失效,這意味著價格理論基礎薄弱、只會墨守成規的所謂財經專家們將跌破更多副眼鏡。這是說檯面上很多股民追捧的某些大師關於總體經濟之看法、言論、備忘錄…,都只是一些大師自己也不知道說什麼的扯淡。
二、 病毒危害小於政府封鎖危害,因此恆久收入預期影響不大
截至5/15,全球因Covid-19死亡人數約30萬人,然而1957年與1968年各有兩次殺死全球百萬人以上的流感,但從S&P500指數歷史來看,兩次更嚴重的流感卻未造成股價崩盤(見圖)。
根據WHO統計,2016年全球死於呼吸道感染(今年流行的Covid-19就會被歸類為此分類)就有295萬人(見表),每十萬人死亡數是39.63人(CDR, Crude Death Rate)。目前美國可算是世界疫情最嚴重的地區之一,然而相較於2016年來看,目前美國Covid-19的CDR數值是每十萬人死亡26.2人。事實上並非特別嚴重的傳染病,但卻造成遠比過去更嚴重疫情下還大的經濟損失?
如同我在4/12「Michael Burry與我所見略同」一文中談過:
「政府過度干預封鎖防疫的代價可能比什麼都不做還高!」,並以大蕭條、2008年金融風暴時期的自殺率為參考,認為:
「…自殺人數與病死人數邏輯上不應該只是相比,而是要相加。這是說,即便高度管制下最後COVID-19在美國僅造成等同流感的病死數(約5.5萬人),但若因高度管制造成的經濟衰退自殺人數等同2008年,則每十萬人死亡人數相加後仍達16.88人,恰好約莫等於我假設的狀況一死亡人數。這意味著高度管制下死亡人數有可能等於什麼都不做。…」
而許多研究逐漸指出,Covid-19實際感染人數恐怕遠高於目前所知,這反推回來,此病的CDR數值會比目前所知還低。
再看看德國,從疫情爆發以來德國政府採取民間工廠可自行決定是否繼續營運的政策,80%的私營工廠也如此選擇。
有意思的是,這些德國工廠如何做到儘量降低員工罹病風險的前提下維持日常生產活動?答案是:「向中國學習!」例如德國第一大汽車集團Volkswagen AG就向中國工廠學習引入「100條管理規則」,從工人防護服、員工餐廳安排到工作流水線安排、如何檢測排除可能罹病者與罹病員工安排…等等。這股向中國工廠學習風潮讓Winfried Imminger這家公司在Mulfingen的工廠3800多名員工迄今只有8人確診並隔離,也讓多數德國工廠可以維持疫情爆發前70~80%的生產力。
這個例證也使我相信,疫情平緩之後的世界並不會有翻天覆地的改變。是的,為了避免疫情再起,許多與過去不同的措施,尤其是個人防護配備、社交距離(social distance)或公共交通站點/工作/娛樂場所監控體溫等等會實施,但我相信因此而提高的整體社會費用並不會比911恐怖攻擊後全球反恐措施來得高。
因此我們即便看到現時經濟因政府干預而停止運作的收入損失似乎巨大,但也僅止於現時。當多數國家解禁(事實上連美國也不顧疫情開始解禁)後,未來收入流的負面影響是相當有限。
有人會問:可是眼下美國2千多萬人失業是鐵錚錚的事實啊?!
1.買出來的失業人數
我在前述「Michael Burry與我所見略同」一文也談過,2017~2018年的美國流感疫情導致81萬人住院、6.1萬人死亡,但同期失業率卻是一路下降,足證明單一傳染病本身並不會造成失業。美國現在破歷史紀錄的2千萬人失業是政府兩大舉措造成:
(1) lockdown
從制度經濟學角度看,當市場需求曲線快速向左下移動時,如果成交價格沒有彈性,則市場會以unemployment呈現:於物是滯銷、於資金是爛頭寸、於人則是失業。
這個觀念我十幾年來談過無數次,可自行參閱舊文如:「拯救失業率,我們需要的刪減失業補助!(2014)」
佐以美國工會、勞動保護法規、最低工資限制等等箝制契約自由的政府干預,面對這種政府強制暫停經濟活動的舉措,大量無薪假與失業是必然,根據價格理論原理,尤以邊際租值低的勞工為甚,這點我們也可以從美國勞動部對4月份失業統計看出,餐飲服務業失業率從去年同期4.5%暴增至39.3%;但相對邊際租值較高的金融服務業則從2.1%升至5.4%。(見表)
學歷越差者,失業率越高(見圖)
(2) 過於優渥的失業補助
早在上個月我就從美國營運餐廳的友人處聽得:「這麼多人失業,怎麼餐廳還找不到員工?」的矛盾現象。
後來一查發現某些州的雙重失業補助(州政府+聯邦政府)與因疫情的從寬認定下,一名週薪$600美元的勞工失業後可能領到超過$1200元的補助,而且起碼領到7月底沒問題。失業還領更多?根據經濟學定律申請失業補助者大增完全是情理之中。
後來更看到華爾街日報報導,某些小企業的員工主動跟雇主達成協議,透過「輪流失業」讓公司內的雇員「人人有失業補助領」。
與此同時我們也看到,美國為了保障中小企業繼續聘僱員工的「Paycheck Protect Program (PPP)」條件是該企業領取貸款後必須「繼續聘僱員工」方能獲得債務豁免。然而許多企業卻因lockdown無法營業,繼續聘僱不能來上班的勞工對企業毫無誘因,使得企業乾脆選擇結束營業而非申請補助。這一塊又加重失業人數之增加。這也造成美國國會雖然在4/27緊急增加$3700億美元補助金,但迄今卻出現40%閒置無人申請的矛盾現象。再一次證明「政府本身就是問題,政府無法解決問題」。
這是說,看似嚇破膽的歷史紀錄2千多萬人首次申請失業補助的背後,並非病毒導致而是美國政府干預創造出來的怪獸。因此不管Covid-19引起的疫情是否取得「曲線平緩(flatten the curve)」,只要干預拿掉,經濟都會逐步恢復原狀。
2.低廉的石油價格有助於實體經濟
疫情前全球每日石油需求約1億桶,其中約60%用於燃料用途。疫情後,全球燃油消費大減,例如某些航班數減少9成,路上行車數量也大減。這些同樣是因政府干預限制,並非因疫情本身。
先前西德州石油期貨價格在結算前下殺至負數,我認為屬於一堆不黯遊戲規則的抄底散戶因無力真實點交原油而被痛宰的意外事件。要知道,西德州石油期貨契約是包含delivery條款,一方可以真實要求點交原油:
「Delivery Procedure:
Delivery shall be made free-on-board ("F.O.B.") at any pipeline or storage facility in Cushing, Oklahoma with pipeline access to Enterprise, Cushing storage or Enbridge, Cushing storage. Delivery shall be made in accordance with all applicable Federal executive orders and all applicable Federal, State and local laws and regulations.
At buyer's option, delivery shall be made by any of the following methods: (1) by interfacility transfer ("pumpover") into a designated pipeline or storage facility with access to seller's incoming pipeline or storage facility; (2) by in-line (or in-system) transfer, or book-out of title to the buyer; or (3) if the seller agrees to such transfer and if the facility used by the seller allows for such transfer, without physical movement of product, by in-tank transfer of title to the buyer.」
石油現貨價格的確因中東局勢與lockdown大幅下跌,可不至於到暗無天日,如台灣商周聲稱「石油紀元結束」那般悲觀。
事實上我們看到有能力儲存石油的業者租下大量油輪滿載原油漂浮在海上(見圖);又有人大量租賃游泳池簡易改裝後注滿石油(見圖);也有人使用大型填充包儲存石油(見圖)。這些行為均代表某種對未來收入樂觀的預期,才會於此時真金白銀下賭注。
另一個重點,是延續前一點的經濟邏輯 -- 如果市場價格有下修彈性,則unemployment就不容易出現,市場就能清市。延伸來說,任何生產要素如果能在景氣下行時價格能下修,則代表該社會整體制度的交易費用低於價格較無彈性的制度。此點會在景氣落底回升時在生產力與創造財富效率上呈現高低差異。
當然,從更根本角度看,市場只要能自願地employment,無論價格多低,都勝過非自願unemployment。前者對保護未來收入預期與財富損失上都更有利。這兩點會影響股票債券價格,投資者必須注意。
三、近期應注意:
a. 卡債、房貸的違約率
雖然我們知道美國卡債違約率2016年以來就逐步攀升至2019年Q4的2.61%,尚遠低於2009年近7%。房貸違約率2019年末也是樂觀的數字,但Fed公開的統計資料始終是落後指標。
因此我們需要參考更即時的數據,可債券市場因此次Fed霹靂手段干預之下,我認為無論國債、地方債乃至於高債信公司債的利率都存在一定程度的扭曲。這又回到經濟學理論的老生常談:政府干預市場利率的下場必然增加市場活動參與者對未來收入流預估的訊息費用。
投資人無可避免要學會與之共處,同時透過加強自身經濟邏輯與知識廣度來降低費用。
我自己會轉向參考其他數據或真實經濟現象,比方我們可以在排除貨幣流速影響下,從特定經濟活動的速率變化推估真實利率邊際變化,這是高階的利息理論應用,要深談得寫本書,此處點到為止。我只是要點出這種難度較高的經濟邏輯,坊間多數財經專家連邊都碰不上,甚至連感知這類概念存在的能力都不具備,因此多數人的財經建議也就毫無參考性可言。
退而求其次,又或者可以參考repo利率與低信評公司債殖利率。
b.Collateralized Loan Obligation (見圖)
談到低信評公司債就多說兩句CLO(Collateralized Loan Obligation)。與債信較低的槓桿債(leverage loan)包裹連結的CLO在美國總市場規模從2007年的$3270億增長至2019年底的$6910億美元,CLO如果發生崩盤,那將會是2008年金融危機CDO的翻版,而當年CDO全球市場規模在$4千多億美元。CLO背後連結的槓桿債規模也達$1.2兆美元。
槓桿債很常發生在槓桿併購(LBO, leveraged buyout),簡單說就是某A想買下B公司,但又不想出錢或資金不足。於是以B公司的未來收益或資產為擔保,向銀行C借錢併購B。對,你沒看錯,是以「B公司的未來收益或資產」為擔保,不是A自己。這種併購方式通常會帶來高負債比甚至伴隨高利率,實務上發動併購方可以只出一成的資金,就買下十倍大的對手,所以才叫「槓桿(leverage)」。
這種併購方式在順風順水的年代可以快速擴充,但一旦出現市場整體流動性枯竭與景氣反轉,也死得特別快。讀者還記得我「利率倒掛與repo rate」一文提到去年九月的詭異repo rate飆升,就滿足了「流動性枯竭」這第一要件,子彈已然上膛。Covid-19引發的政府強制經濟活動停滯則很有可能是扣下扳機的那隻手。
然而,若僅僅是單純的LBO,破產者就侷限在A與相關金融往來對象,還算是「個體風險」。但如同2008金融風暴那錯綜複雜的CDO金融產品一樣,CLO把LO重新包裹證券化後,又把個體風險搞成系統風險。
可能不熟悉金融的讀者會疑惑:這些有錢人高來高去的資產價格崩盤於我何干?
以Envision Healthcare這家美國大型醫療機構為例,2018年KKR透過槓桿債的方式全盤買下Envision醫院體系,但Covid-19後美國流動性枯竭,造成短期利率與垃圾債券利率飆升,瞬間讓Envision現金短缺甚有破產危機,結果就是在面對Covid-19疫情加速惡化的四月,Envision旗下醫院急診室不但沒有防護裝備給第一線醫護人員,也因付不出薪資、獎金而大幅刪減急診室人力。與Envision槓桿債掛勾的CLO也是前途無亮等著被降信用評等。然而,信用評等降級對這些本就採取高槓桿債務併購的公司等於是雨天收傘,進一步惡化其財務與現金短缺狀況,對美國第一線疫情防護恐怕雪上加霜。
再把視角轉到日本,農林中央金庫(Norinchukin Bank)是日本最大吸收農漁民存款的金融機構,同時也是世界最大CLO買方,2008年後累積購入金額達$750億美元。一旦CLO市場如2008年的CDO市場一樣轉瞬崩潰,則日本普遍高齡的農漁民生計與財富損失,以及對日本經濟的連鎖效應可想而知。目前尚可安心的是,農林中央金庫只購入安全等級最高的CLO。
可另一方面,也正因為Covid-19帶來的經濟停滯,許多優良債務人紛紛出現無力支付本金利息的現象,從而引發評價機構紛紛下調CLO內含債權的評等,例如Moody在4月中調降高達$220億美元CLO的評等,加上S&P,二家機構合起來降評了20%美國境內發行CLO。這直接影響了持有美國境內40% BBB等級CLO tranches的各大保險公司,這可能意味保險公司資產價格重挫下履行保險契約支付賠償金的能力也可能縮水。
若美國許多受感染者或其他疾病患者發現即便自己購買了昂貴的醫療保險,但保險公司支付卻可能無力支付醫療費用時,接下來會發生什麼事?
這一整段有關CLO的敘述只是美國盤根錯節的金融契約結構中的一個切面,但我相信已經能讓讀者感受到「牽一髮而動全身」的可怕。
從這點我們也不難理解,為何身為美國最大「再保險」集團之一的主事人巴菲特在此時選擇提高並保持現金水位,特別是大量賣出08年以優惠價格條件買入的Goldman Sachs超過1千萬股($17億美元)。
結論:
我認為美國股市未來相當長時間就會在「通膨預期」與「未來收入預期」兩股力量拉扯推擠走下去。二者可以是同方向或反方向。因為「市場預期」這看不見摸不著的東西很難建立具有科學預測力的經濟理論。
我不認為真實世界的生產力受到病毒摧殘,而是受到政府干預干擾。可是一旦悲觀預期形成,資產價格下修的可能性會存在。而美國複雜交錯的金融制度可能把個體風險放大為系統性風險,這在2008年發生過一次,如今不是不可能再從CLO引爆歷史重演。
誠如我前兩日談過如何從價格理論快速看國富增長,美國主要靠服務業(特別是金融服務)這種架空經濟要持續運作的前提是基於深度全球化分工。根據Adam Smith的國富論,全球市場分工越多元、越細緻、越深入,世界整體財富增長速度越快,當然走虛擬金融經濟為主的美國也會因上頭租值佔比高而享受更高的財富增速。
反之,美國如果自己跑出來反全球化,那死得最慘的是自己。
又,當今的貨幣政策會大幅增加訊息費用,判斷真實利率的難度大增,考驗投資者對價格理論、利息理論的熟稔與精通程度。
一般投資人對於真實世界關鍵侷限條件與轉變的掌握程度會直接影響可選擇投資方法。指數型ETF這種放棄思考的被動投資或許還是適合多數人。
通貨膨脹下如何投資?另作文章說明。
本文參考資料:
WSJ: "The Federal Reserve Is Changing What It Means to Be a Central Bank" (2020-04-27)
Milton Friedman, "A Natural Experiment in Money Policy Covering Three Episodes of Growth and Decline in the Economy and the Stock Market" Journal of Economic Perspective, Vol. 19, (Fall 2005)
Allan H. Meltzer, "Current Lessons From The Past: How The Fed Repeats Its History." Cato Journal, Vol 34, No. 3 (Fall 2014)
Financial Times: "Coronavirus crisis: does value investing still make sense?"(2020-05-11)
WSJ: "New Data Suggest the Coronavirus Isn’t as Deadly as We Thought" (2020-04-17)
WSJ: "Why Doesn’t Flu Tank Economy Like Covid-19?"(2020-04-10)
WSJ: "Demand for Small-Business Loans Cools" (2020-05-08)
WSJ: "How Germany Kept Its Factories Open During the Pandemic" (2020-05-06)
WSJ: "Paying Americans Not to Work" (2020-04-22)
WSJ: "Businesses Struggle to Lure Workers Away From Unemployment" (2020-05-08)
WSJ: "Demand for Small-Business Loans Cools"(2020-05-08)
A. A. Alchian,"Information Costs, Pricing, and Resource Unemployment" (1969)
WSJ: "Millions of Credit-Card Customers Can’t Pay Their Bills. Lenders Are Bracing for Impact." (2020-04-25)
Financial Times: "CLOs: ground zero for the next stage of financial crisis?" (2020-05-13)
Financial Times: "Private-equity backed companies dominate lowest depths of junk" (2020-05-07)
Financial Times: "Coronavirus sell-off puts faith in CLOs to the test" (2020-04-23)
Financial Times: "Warren Buffett’s Berkshire dumps most of Goldman Sachs stake" (2020-05-16)
文章連結:
https://bit.ly/3bDEM3E