TỪ VỰNG IELTS - CHỦ ĐỀ THROWAWAY SOCIETY
🎯PHẦN TỪ VỰNG
- throwaway society: xã hội mà trong đó người ta sử dụng đồ đạc trong một thời gian ngắn sau đó vứt chúng đi, mua thứ đồ mới
vpurchase the latest version of things: mua phiên bản mới nhất
- encourage somebody to do something: khuyến khích ai đó làm gì
- to be in good condition and perfectly functional: trong tình trạng tốt và các chức năng hoạt động tốt
- overconsumption = excessive consumption: việc tiêu thụ quá mức
- overproduction = excessive production: việc sản xuất quá mức
- long-lived products = durable products = products that are made to last for a long period of time: những sản phẩm có tuổi thọ dài
- short-lived products = non-durable products = products that are made to last for a short period of time: những sản phẩm có tuổi thọ ngắn
- repurchase = buy again: mua lại
- repeat customers: những khách hàng sẽ mua hàng lại ở cửa hàng họ đã mua
- make a dent in your finance: làm giảm số tiền bạn đang có
- higher profit margins for manufacturers: lợi nhuận biên lớn hơn cho các nhà sản xuất
- tempt customers into buying the latest, novelty items: thu hút khách hàng mua những sản phẩm mới nhất
- disposable products: những sản phẩm dùng 1 lần rồi vứt đi
- solid waste generation rates: tỷ lệ thải ra chất thải rắn
- environmental degradation: sự suy khóa môi trường
- contaminate soil and water: làm ô nhiễm đất và nước
- increase consumer spending: tăng chi tiêu của khách hàng
- bad spending habits: thói quen tiêu xài xấu
- leftover food: đồ ăn thừa
- a new version with more features: phiên bản mới với nhiều tính năng hơn
- have a negative/detrimental/harmful effect on: có ảnh hưởng có hại lên...
- buy things that you do not really need: mua những thứ mà bạn không thực sự cần
- a waste of money: một sự lãng phí tiền của
- buy new things to relieve stress or anxiety: mua đồ mới để giải tỏa căng thẳng và lo âu
- overspend = spend beyond one's income: chi tiêu quá mức
- huge amounts of toxic waste: 1 lượng khổng lồ chất thải
- to be discharged into the environment: bị thải ra môi trường
- encourage people to reuse and recycle more: khuyến khích người dân tái chế và tái sử dụng nhiều hơn.
- get into serious debt: bị mắc nợ nghiêm trọng
🎯PHẦN BÀI MẪU
These days people in some countries are living in a “throwaway” society which means people use things in a short time then throw them away. What are its causes and what impacts can it have?
Dịch đề: Ngày nay người dân ở một số quốc gia đang sống trong một “xã hội bỏ đi” nghĩa là người ta sử dụng đồ đạc trong một thời gian ngắn sau đó vứt chúng đi. Nguyên nhân và ảnh hưởng mà xã hội này gây ra?
The topic of “throwaway society” has been discussed in recent years. In this society, people tend to throw away their old items regardless of whether or not they still work and purchase the latest version of things. This essay will look at some primary reasons for this phenomenon and the adverse impacts that it could have on individuals and the environment.
There are several causes of the throwaway society and I think advertising could be the first culprit. Advertisements encourage people to purchase goods and services that they do not really need by delivering a message that possessing the latest version of an item could improve a person’s self-image, confidence and even social status. For example, many of today’s teenagers spend nearly $1,500 buying iPhone X to show that they are wealthy and fashionable even though their old phones are still in good condition and perfectly functional. Another cause is mass production of non-durable goods which are often used once and thrown away. These products are much cheaper and more convenient than durable ones, hence, attract a large number of customers.
Individuals living in the throwaway society could suffer a great deal. They could easily get into serious debt if they get into the habit of buying the latest, novelty items. Many teens are being burdened with thousands of dollars in credit card debt for their unnecessary purchases, which could lead to depression and anxiety. Environmental degradation is another problem facing the throwaway society. Due to excessive production of disposable goods, huge amounts of hazardous waste are being discharged into the environment, which directly contaminates soil and water.
In conclusion, there are various factors leading to the advent of our throwaway society and increasing consumer debt and environmental damage are the two major problems which result from this society.
(299 words, written by Nguyen Huyen)
PHẦN VÍ DỤ: https://ielts-nguyenhuyen.com/tu-vung-ielts-chu-de-throwaway-society-dich-tu-chi-tiet/
#ieltsnguyenhuyen
同時也有45部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2,400的網紅Naylylifestyle,也在其Youtube影片中提到,NCM that I use Music by Dormio Vibes - Coasting - https://thmatc.co/?l=DEC4FA1E Music by ninjoi. - I Won't Let Go - https://thmatc.co/?l=0A4357EE Musi...
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use somebody 在 英文多一點 A Little More English Facebook 的最佳解答
In the past two months of the Level-3 COVID-19 alert, everyone still has to work and learn. As a result, many have to work from home or have classes online, and they often need to use video conferencing software. Do you often encounter the situation that somebody talks when they are on mute ? Do you know how to say this in Chinese?
-----
(un)mute
Please mute your microphone when you join the meeting. 加入會議時請關閉麥克風。
Make sure your microphone is always on mute. 請確定麥克風都是關著的。
You can unmute yourself if you want to contribute to the discussion. 如果你想要參與討論可以自行解除靜音。
You are on mute! 你現在沒開麥克風!
I don’t know how to unmute the microphone on the phone. 我不知道要怎麼在手機上開麥克風。
Tap on the microphone icon, and you can unmute yourself. 按那個麥克風的圖示就能開麥克風。
use somebody 在 Taipei Ethereum Meetup Facebook 的最佳解答
📜 [專欄新文章] Scaling Ethereum 參賽心得
✍️ Johnson
📥 歡迎投稿: https://medium.com/taipei-ethereum-meetup #徵技術分享文 #使用心得 #教學文 #medium
Scaling Ethereum 是一場由 ETHGlobal 所舉辦的線上黑客松,也是我第一次參加與以太坊有關的黑客松活動,這篇文章就來分享一人參賽的過程與心得。
源起
一開始是在 telegram 群組中得知這場比賽的消息,因緣際會之下剛好有人想組隊參賽,於是就在報名截止的前一天一起跟著報名了。
報名的方式除了填一些基本資料外,最特別的是還要 stack 以太幣,也就是要傳送 0.01 顆以太幣給主辦方,規則是必須在比賽的最後,有提交作品的人才能贖回 0.01 顆以太幣,之後看到 meme 頻道有人留言:
When your project is incomplete but you submit to get back stake.
一方面,這確實也會激勵你好好把比賽完成,就算沒做完也要有些成果上去,這也是主辦方秉持的精神,他們認為大家來黑客松相互學習成長,競賽獎金則是其次。
獎金
比賽方式是由 25 個左右的贊助者(sponsor)分別提供獎金,每個 sponsor 都有錄製一段影片,說明怎麼獲得他們的獎金,大部分會要你使用他們開發的工具,或者必須跟 sponsor 在做的研究有關,去實作出創新的作品。可參考:Prizes — Scaling Ethereum
你的專案可以選擇要投入哪個 sponsor 的獎金,一個專案可以投入多個 sponsor 底下,這樣獲獎機會也會比較高。
我選擇的 sponsor 是 zkSync,他們的說明如下:
zkSync is a user-centric zkRollup developed by Matter Labs. It uses zero-knowledge proofs to keep data availability on mainnet to achieve exponentially lower transaction costs. You may have seen us powering projects such as payments and Gitcoin Grants. We are currently rapidly developing zkSync 2.0, which will feature EVM-compatibility in testnet May 2021, soon followed by zkPorter, our new exponential scalability solution.
PrizeszkSync will be awarding their Prizes as follows:
- 1 winner — 4,000 USDC
- 2 winners — 2,000 USDC
- 4 winners — 500 USDC
We encourage builders to utilize zkSync SDK’s, implemented in JavaScript/Typescript and Rust. Prizes will be awarded to projects that make it simpler and easier for non-technical users to use zkSync, other ideas include integrations of current tools such as in Gitcoin Grants and tools for easy mass payments and multi-sigs.
社群互動
這個 hackathon 很棒的地方是他把使用者體驗做的很好。每個人都會有自己的 dashboard 顯示目前專案的進度和一些訊息。
Check-In #1 和 Check-In #2 的階段會要你提供專案的構想,你隨時都可以修改。主辦方會看你提交的資訊,幫助你找到適合的 sponsor,或是給你一些建議,就算是一人參賽也能感受到回饋。
整個賽程期間,社群都是使用 discord 在互動,discord 裡頭有很多頻道,像是基本的大會報告的頻道,或是一些不重要的迷因、閒聊頻道都有。
每個 sponsor 也都有自己的頻道,我就會在 sponsor-zksync 的頻道詢問技術的問題,例如我想問問 zkSync 一些關於專案構想的意見:
Hi there, I want to build a gas fee relayer which make my ERC-20 token transfer without transaction fee, to be more precise, delegating gas payment by another party. I think this is done by GSN https://opengsn.org/ , but maybe it could built on L2 with zkSync? I’m not sure, could somebody give me some advice about this topic?
zkSync 團隊的人回應我:
This is an amazing idea! This can totally be built, as we support batching transactions which can be used for all kinds of creative things such as paying for transaction fees in an erc-20 token. Your idea seems like a combination of that and the gitcoin grants integration. To get started, I suggest you watch the short 10 minute presentation I made on using the SDK and batching. Looking forward to your project!!
在 Check-In #2 的時候,我提交新版的專案構想,有一個欄位是問:「目前專案遇到什麼阻礙?」我的問題應該是被主辦方貼給 zkSync 的團隊,於是 zkSync 的團隊成員就用 discord 私訊我,貼了一些程式碼教我怎麼使用他們的 Javascript SDK,這突如其來的救援也幫了大忙。
除此之外,主辦方每個禮拜都會寄 email 通知一些重要的活動,賽程期間舉辦了四個 Summits 研討會,邀請世界各地有名的以太坊開發者分享議題,主辦方還有一個自己的 TV 網頁,直播所有的線上活動。這些活動都有錄影,可以在 youtube 看到過去所有的演講內容:https://www.youtube.com/c/ETHGlobal/videos
因為我的作品是使用 zkSync 的 Javascript SDK 製作的,好像也只能投稿 zkSync 作為獎金的 sponsor,不過主辦方在最後一個禮拜,也寄 email 告訴我說可以多投稿不同的 sponsors 看看,他依據我的專案構想給我一些適合的 sponsors 作為參考。
不過最後我還是只投稿了 zkSync,有點懶著再看其他 sponsors 的文件,也覺得其他 sponsors 的題目需要花比較大的功夫才能完成,一個人能力有限,就做點簡單的東西就好。
關於我的專案 — Gas Relay Service
在以太坊的世界,每一筆交易都需要額外付一筆交易費,也就是以太坊的 gas fee。
我的專案是讓「收款人」能夠幫「付款人」支付以太坊的手續費。
在黑客松之前,我就想研究「第三方支付手續費」的議題,因此我大部分時間其實都在研究一般的 meta-transactions 是怎麼實作的,有興趣的人可以看看 simple meta-transactions 的原始碼:https://github.com/chnejohnson/simple-meta-transaction
之後我才開始玩 zkSync 的 SDK,並研究怎麼在 Layer 2 實現第三方支付手續費的問題,以下就附上作品連結以及簡單的專案介紹給有興趣的人參考:https://showcase.ethglobal.co/scaling/gas-relay-service-on-zksync
The target is that token sender can choose to find another account to pay for fee. The another account can be (1) the token receiver’s account, (2) sender’s another account, (3) third party’s account.
In this project, I finished the demo, which is the (1) above, that receiver pay gas fee for the sender.
有趣的是,我在研究 meta-transactions 時學到很多智能合約的寫法,結果在最後專案上都沒用到(沒寫到合約的程式),zkSync Javascript SDK 其實很簡單,他們的文件寫得很清楚。最後 Demo 還是用 zkSync 團隊的成品修改來的…XD。
所幸在沒有懂太多技術的前提下完成了這場黑客松的專案,成功贖回了 0.01 顆以太幣。
評審與決選
整個賽程來到最後一個禮拜,主辦方安排兩天的時間進行 Judges,使用 zoom 進行線上研討會,一個人基本上是 7 分鐘,前 4 分鐘播放 Demo 簡報,後三分鐘會有評審問問題。
第一個問題是說:「Demo 中你是使用 zkSync 的錢包網頁去操作,那實際上你做得部分是什麼?」
我就回答我在他們的網頁上加了一顆按鈕,使用他們的 SDK 做出 gas relay 的功能,還有一個後端的 server 去作 relay。
第二個問題大概是問:「什麼樣的情境下會需要由 receiver 幫 sender 支付 gas fee?」
我的回答是,在一般超商購物的情境,消費者通常只支付商品的價格,不會支付額外的交易費,我認為以太坊的手續費應該屬於軟體的營運成本,由賣方支付比較適合。那如果賣方希望手續費的成本是由消費者承擔,可以直接調高商品的價格。
當然,我英文講得零零落落,希望評審有聽懂就是了…
最後一場直播就是 Finale 決選,主辦方選出十二個隊伍,公開再 Demo 一次,以及提供線上觀眾詢問問題,至此整個賽程就差不多進入尾聲。
決選後的不久,主辦方就公布了這次有獲得獎金的隊伍,幸運拿到了 zkSync 頒發的小獎~
zkSync — Matter Labs
- Zeneth — 2000 USDC
- ZeroSwap — 1500 USDC
- Kangaroo — 500 USDC
- Gas Relay Service — 500 USDC
後記
這次的參賽隊伍中,Zeneth 跟我的主題非常相似:
Zeneth — Use Flashbots to enable arbitrary meta-transactions so EOAs can enter L2s without ETH
另一個我覺得有趣的專案是 Alexandria:
Alexandria — A dApp using STARKs to verify aspects of your identity without revealing more than you should
沒想到主辦方 ETHGlobal 下個月又要再舉辦一場黑客松,有興趣的人可以看看:https://defi.ethglobal.co/ ,這次的主題是 De-Fi。
最後,只要有到 ETHGlobal 的 TV 網頁參加 Summit 研討會的直播,就能夠獲得 POAP 勳章,它就是一個酷東西~😋
POAP: Proof of Attendance Protocol
Scaling Ethereum 參賽心得 was originally published in Taipei Ethereum Meetup on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.
👏 歡迎轉載分享鼓掌
use somebody 在 Naylylifestyle Youtube 的精選貼文
NCM that I use
Music by Dormio Vibes - Coasting - https://thmatc.co/?l=DEC4FA1E
Music by ninjoi. - I Won't Let Go - https://thmatc.co/?l=0A4357EE
Music by ninjoi. - Beautiful Love - https://thmatc.co/?l=DAFEDE3A
Music by MDMN - Mimosas - https://thmatc.co/?l=5E1C75C
Sunset Lover - Petit Biscuit
Mornings - Pryces
Memory - CRAETION
Music by Damola - Rapids - https://thmatc.co/?l=D2DD526D
Music by Singto Conley - Honeydew (feat. Hikaru Station) - https://thmatc.co/?l=3DAE3680
Music by Madeline Lauer - Anchor - https://thmatc.co/?l=35617882
Music by Alexi Blue - Easy Love - https://thmatc.co/?l=309E816F
Music by Singto Conley - You Are The Stars - https://thmatc.co/?l=AFA99F0A
Music by Mark Generous - Earl Grey - https://thmatc.co/?l=8FD6399D
Music by Fiji Blue - Day by Day - https://thmatc.co/?l=F21814A8
Music by Goosetaf - Bumblebee - https://thmatc.co/?l=557500A5
Music by ninjoi. - Passin [Thematic Exclusive] - https://thmatc.co/?l=468C4A95
Music by frumhere, kevatta - warm feeling - https://thmatc.co/?l=6E213523
MYSM - Soft Cream - https://thmatc.co/?l=F67CCF62
Music by Elli Moore - Somebody To Talk To - https://thmatc.co/?l=8981B1C7
Music by HOAX - Moon Moon Baby - https://thmatc.co/?l=6451EF55
Music by Namoo Nara - Endlessly (Sang Gak Hae) - https://thmatc.co/?l=BBBFAEB2
Music by Fiji Blue - Space Makes Me Sad - https://thmatc.co/?l=8F1B9E83
Music by HOAX - Beach House - https://thmatc.co/?l=6651E80F
Music by Syphax - Rose Lips - https://thmatc.co/?l=17A3317C
Music by Alexi Blue - Easy Love - https://thmatc.co/?l=309E816F
use somebody 在 samguw Youtube 的最佳解答
Just picked up the Canon C70! It's been a long year working hard and saving up for it and it's been a dream to own a Canon cinema camera. It's still surreal to say I own one! Wanted to share an unboxing experience as well as share a little on why I chose the Canon C70. I also wanted to share on a reason why somebody would choose a cinema/video focused camera vs a hybrid. Planning to post a first impressions video so let me know if you have any questions you'd like me to answer!
B-roll was taken with a loan unit I had awhile ago
Here are the time stamps:
Unboxing: 0:00
Why I Bought the C70: 5:57
Why a cinema camera?: 13:20
If you like to support my channel, consider a small donation: https://www.paypal.me/samguw
Gear mentioned/used in this video:
Canon C70: https://amzn.to/3wougIn
Canon 1Dx Mark iii: https://amzn.to/3wscl3s
Kondor Blue RF CIne Cap: https://amzn.to/2Sgqh1K
Music I use:
https://artlist.io/Samuel-241034
My 2021 filmmaking/photography kit:
(these are Amazon Affiliate Links and I get a small commission every-time you purchase from these links. These really help the channel out a lot!)
Main photo/video camera: https://amzn.to/2QQ9ChI
Back up body: https://amzn.to/2QRB1zG
Favourite lens: https://amzn.to/2DsOVFy
Second favourite lens: https://amzn.to/2Z2HLPR
Best on-camera shotgun mic: https://amzn.to/3jzhPmO
Cheaper version of ^: https://amzn.to/32WlSD7
Alternative on-board shotgun mic: https://amzn.to/3lKBFx8
Best wireless mic: https://amzn.to/3jHd1Mi
Favourite Backpack: https://amzn.to/3lHETSa
Affordable external SSD I use: https://amzn.to/32NG4a2
Favourite gimbal: https://amzn.to/2Z3k7CJ
Affordable drone: https://amzn.to/2YZEmkK
Favourite action camera: https://amzn.to/2ETfBzV
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use somebody 在 Eviday Youtube 的精選貼文
[Eviday]
感謝Aiky又帶我到神秘景點玩啦~
還能在漁港吃到新鮮又好吃的海膽真的是太幸福啦!
現在疫情期間無法出去遊玩
可以先看影片止止癢XD
#基隆嶼
✪You can also find me here❤️
合作/授權:evitatripstudio@gmail.com
Facebook:https://www.facebook.com/travelerevita/
instagram:https://www.instagram.com/traveler_evita/
✪About me
誤打誤撞闖入新加坡工作三年多的經驗
目前離職生活依舊多采多姿
持續更新新加坡與台灣的相關訊息
以及我在這兩個國家的生活VLOG
✪What I use🎬
相機:Canon G7x mark ii /insta360 Go /insta360 ONE R
剪輯軟體:Final Cut Pro X
繪圖軟體:Procreate
✪Music🎵
1.Nekzlo-Paradise
2.Somebody to love
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