樹洞為何不能發泡劑填洞?看看日本樹木醫劉東啟老師的團隊怎麼說。
發泡劑填充阻礙傷口癒合,而且會導致樹洞嚴重腐朽。
英國、美國和日本都有提出相同的警告。
【淺談樹木外科手術】借鏡歐美經驗
1.樹木外科手術是什麼?
1990年以前,歐美曾經大規模進行樹木外科手術。方法是清除樹木腐朽部位,填入防腐藥劑、水泥、瀝青或人造泡棉等填充物質,並在外層以塑膠軟墊覆蓋的一種企圖使樹木恢復健康的醫療行為。
2.樹木外科手術的禁止
經多年的實驗證實,樹木外科手術並無法阻止樹木持續腐朽潰爛,對於樹木恢復健康勢並不幫助。因此,在歐美國家的準則中,已經禁止使用外科手術的方式治療樹木 :
(1)「美國國家標準協會(ANSI)」制定的A300準則-2008年(註1)中規定,不得將傷口處理藥劑填充與覆蓋在傷口表面或是修剪傷口上;不得使用會損害到樹體組織的傷口處理藥劑;修整樹木傷口邊緣時,只能去除壞死或損傷的組織。
(2)「英國標準學會」制定的BS3998準則-2010年(註2)中規定,樹木的空洞、傷口,填充空洞並不能改善樹木力學上的支撐力,而且可能會抑制癒傷材料(窗框材)的形成。柱狀的癒傷木(窗框材)才能夠讓樹木的空洞開口邊緣具有力學的支持力。且不可割破木材組織,因為留下的傷口可能會破壞樹木對抗木材腐朽菌產生的「防禦層」。
(3)「最新‧樹木医の手引き,2006」第11章第2節(註3)提到「美國國家標準協會(ANSI)」A300準則在1995年外科手術會影響樹木傷口的癒合與破壞樹木對抗腐朽菌的防禦壁。「英國標準學會」制定的BS3998準則在1989年(註4)就不建議填充空洞。
p.s.有近代樹木醫學之父美譽的美國學者Alex Shigo博士在1985年提出了「腐朽區隔理論」(CODIT,Compartmentalization Of Decay In Trees),說明樹木自身有防禦機制,當病原菌入侵時,樹體會形成變色材與防禦壁,來抵抗病菌繼續侵蝕與腐朽。
註1:美國國家標準協會(ANSI)制定的A300修剪準則
5.4 Wound treatment傷口處理
5.4.1 Wound treatments shall not be used to cover wounds or pruning cuts, except when necessary for disease, insect, mistletoe, or sprout control, or for cosmetic reasons.
5.4.2 Wound treatments that are damaging to tree tissues shall not be used.
5.4.3 When tracing wounds, only loose, damaged tissue shall be removed.
註2: 英國標準學會制定的BS3998準則-2010年
9 Management of decay – cavities and water pockets
9.1 General
Where a tree is found to be so physically weakened, by cavity formation or other decay, that it poses an unacceptable risk to people, property or its own integrity, appropriate action should be taken to reduce the risk to an acceptable level. The management options available in such circumstances include:
• moving or modifying the target;
• tree work such as pruning (see Clause 7) or providing artificial support (see Clause 10);
• in the event of all other options being impracticable or otherwise inappropriate, felling (see Clause 12).
Additionally, cavity treatments (see 9.2) may be undertaken in order to help reduce the rate of further decay if this objective is assessed as being feasible and of significant benefit for the structural integrity of the tree. Where there is a need to deter human access to a cavity, some form of artificial closure or filling may be installed (see 9.3).
NOTE Filling cavities is not generally considered to improve the structural integrity of the surrounding wood and indeed might inhibit the development of pillar-like rolls of occluding wood, which provide natural strength at the edge of a cavity opening. A filling can also reduce the habitat value of the tree and/or hamper future inspection.
註3:最新‧樹木医の手引き,2006
付記1 アメリカの産業規格における外科 附錄1手術美國行業標準
この分野のアメリカ産業規格ANSI A300-1995では、施肥、樹体の支持、移植、雷対策など様々な規格が定められているが、枝切断の章から傷の処理に関する記述を探すと以下の通りである。
5.2.6.1 傷の処理
病気や穿孔虫、ヤドリギ、萌芽抑制か修景上の理由という特例を除き、傷口保護材や樹木用の塗布剤で枝切断部を被覆してはならない。もし傷口保護材を修景上その他の理由で使用する時は形成層に無害な物質を用い、傷表面に薄く塗布すべきである。
5.2.6.2 樹皮の傷を修復する時は、傷ついたか緩んだ樹皮だけを取り除き、生きた組織の損乱を最小限にする。
5.2.6.3 空洞は、(傷や腐朽に対する)境界反応帯を撹乱する場合は充填や(外科的な)処理をすべきでない。
付記2 イギリスの同様な規格BS3998 附錄2類似標準BS3998英國
BS3998 (1989) の中では、ANSIより細かい点まで記載されているが、空洞の充填は推薦されていない。外観上特別に必要な場合だけに行い、再点検などが容易な材料を使うとしている。殺菌剤の使用条件などではアメリカと違う内容になっている。なお、全内容で欧州での規格共通化が進められているので、近い将来、記述内容に変更があると思われる。
註4: 英國標準學會制定的BS3998準則-1989年:http://211.167.243.154:1012/file/gwbz/BS%203998-1989.PDF
17.4 Intentional filling of cavities
Filling cavities is not recommended. An exception may be where the appearance of the tree is of major importance. Fillings should be flexible, non abrasive and easily removed, e.g. urethane foam, to allow future inspection of the cavity.
同時也有7部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過62萬的網紅Coromo Sara. ASMR,也在其Youtube影片中提到,This video is a collection of various triggers for videos I posted in the past ✨(Part 5) This video includes tapping, scratching, typing, plastic wra...
urethane foam 在 Coromo Sara. ASMR Youtube 的精選貼文
This video is a collection of various triggers for videos I posted in the past ✨(Part 5)
This video includes tapping, scratching, typing, plastic wrap, shaving cream, brushing, wood sounds, water sounds and more.
⭐️Timestamps:
00:00 Preview
04:41 Paper cushioning material
07:52 Plastic wrap + Foam
11:13 Accessory box + Wood
15:07 Urethane sponge sheet
20:34 Spring hair gum
27:28 Sponge + Foam
30:06 Wavy wood
34:40 Leather case
38:28 Wooden playing cards
47:03 Wooden playing cards + Cork board
49:52 Small wood block + Water
57:51 Round wood pin
1:03:43 Active Brain Massage Ball
1:10:17 Plastic wrap + Carbonated foam
1:12:07 Plastic wrap + Shaving cream
1:17:12 Beehive Game Orange parts
1:21:10 Felt + Cotton swabs
1:24:53 Sticker scratching
1:30:40 Calculator (Numerical keypad) Blue Axis Typing
1:44:14 Wood + Acrylic ice + Ice cube
1:50:03 Mic brushing
1:52:07 Wooden dice
2:02:02 Cork board scratching
2:08:26 Silicone cup
2:13:31 Bubble
2:23:56 Earphone Mic tapping
2:27:11 CHERRY MX Switch Tester (Green)
2:31:13 Accessory box Tapping
2:40:34 Sand
2:46:14 Plastic wrap + Sponge + Carbonated foam
2:52:27 Wood tapping
2:58:10 Beehive Game Yellow parts scratching
3:00:21 Urchin Balls
3:02:37 Cork board tapping
3:06:30 Mechanical Keyboard Switch Tester CHERRY MX (Brown)
3:09:53 Silk cocoon balls
Thank you for watching :)
I hope you have nice dreams🌙
💖🐱Coromo Sara.
୨୧┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈୨୧
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urethane foam 在 Coromo Sara. ASMR Youtube 的最佳貼文
I received a request for "Why not you make a compilation video about our fav timestamps from your previous videos", so this time I collected various triggers from my previous videos based on the comments I received from viewers with timestamps of their favorite sound parts ✨
【Related Videos】
○ ASMR Guaranteed Tingles 🤤 99.9% of You Will Sleep / 3Hr (No Talking):https://youtu.be/WAKjzzAAYRo
○ ASMR Best Brain Melting Triggers for 100% Guaranteed Sleep / 3Hr (No Talking):https://youtu.be/5D718KxRMnA
⭐️Timestamps:
00:00 Preview
05:53 Silicone cleansing pad + Hot Scrub Gel
09:42 Clay cracking
10:43 Foam beads slime
11:48 Test tube
16:11 Test tube tapping
17:44 Wooden spoon Tapping, Scratching
26:41 Bath fizz
28:48 Dental scaler Ear cleaning (Penetration)
35:02 Mic brushing 1
38:59 Mic scratching (Sponge mic cover) 1
44:34 Floral Foam
49:40 Mic scratching 1
51:49 Mic scratching with glass rods
56:41 Cork tapping
1:00:31 Facial cleansing foam (First Person)
1:06:11 Moss
1:10:34 Light cover tapping
1:15:35 Paper coaster scratching
1:18:31 Marking pins Sponge mic cover scratching
1:22:59 Fluffy mic cover
1:27:15 Paper (Crinkle Sounds)
1:32:28 Squeeze ball
1:36:07 PS4 Controller
1:42:03 Instant snow
1:43:52 Wood Fast Tapping
1:50:59 Bamboo ear pick (Penetration)
1:55:40 Melamine sponge + scaler
2:03:00 Water sounds
2:07:05 Mic + Rhinestone Scratching
2:09:46 Touch the microphone with a fluffy thing
2:15:39 Foam beads
2:23:32 Mic brushing 2
2:30:34 Lipstick Lid sound
2:34:02 Plastic wrap + Plastic earpick (Mic scratching)
2:36:48 Wipe with a facial mask (First Person)
2:41:37 EVA Pad tapping
2:47:31 Silicone cleansing pad + Sponge mic cover
2:51:16 Compressed towel tapping
2:53:53 Compressed towel scratching
2:57:28 Fluffy earpick
2:59:54 Plastic bag
3:02:58 Wood scratching
3:08:29 Small Plastic Cups
3:13:22 Gel pad (First Person)
3:14:55 Makeup cotton swab (Sponge mic cover)
3:20:32 Touch the microphone with urethane sponges
3:24:49 Mic brushing 3
3:26:58 Paper cup
3:34:40 Shaving cream (First Person)
3:43:15 Camera tapping
3:49:19 Mic scratching (Sponge mic cover) 2
3:52:21 Fork + Sponge mic cover
3:54:12 Plastic wrap + Shaving foam
3:57:24 Green hose
4:02:16 Fluffy mic cover + Makeup brush
4:06:25 Silicone Cleansing Pad
Thank you for watching :)
I hope you have nice dreams🌙
💖🐱Coromo Sara.
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🔮Tingles:https://tingles.app.link/Coromo.-ASMR
🎀 Twitter: https://twitter.com/Coromo_xx
🎀 Instagram:https://www.instagram.com/coromo.asmr/
urethane foam 在 Coromo Sara. ASMR Youtube 的最佳貼文
Today, I recorded various sounds using "Stellar X2" ✨ (After the preview, I am whispering and explaining the product.)
If I use two of these microphones to record in stereo, I think the sound will be heard differently than in monaural recording 🙂
❣️Although I didn't mention it in the video, in addition to the sponge mic cover and leather case, a mic shock mount and a 3/8 to 5/8 inch nut are included.
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TechZone Audio Products offered me a product ✨
I'm really grateful for TechZone Audio Products 😊
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【Stellar X2 Large Capsule Condenser Microphone】
○TechZone Audio Products:https://techzoneaudioproducts.com/
○Amazon:https://amzn.to/3vj3EZG
(The above URL uses an Amazon affiliate links.)
୨୧┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈┈୨୧
⭐️Timestamps:
00:00 Preview
01:18 Greeting, Product Description (Whispering)
04:14 Plastic wrap
06:17 Plastic wrap + Shaving foam
10:25 Plastic cup nail tapping
12:18 Plastic cup finger tapping
14:32 Silicone cleansing pad + Sponge mic cover
17:42 Mic tapping
19:39 Mic scratching
21:27 Silicone brush + Sponge mic cover
24:18 Makeup brush + Sponge mic cover
26:23 Makeup cotton swab + Sponge mic cover
29:58 Urethane sponge + Sponge mic cover
34:50 Mic scratching (Sponge mic cover)
37:00 Mic touching (Sponge mic cover)
38:53 Plastic plate tapping
42:01 Mic brushing
Thank you for watching :)
I hope you have nice dreams🌙
Coromo Sara.
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🎀 Twitter: https://twitter.com/Coromo_xx
🎀 Instagram:https://www.instagram.com/coromo.asmr/
urethane foam 在 Model Making Quick Tip: Polyurethane Foam - YouTube 的美食出口停車場
In this quick tip video, we take a look at polyurethane carving foam and the possibilities it offers for model makers. ... <看更多>