這是阿培曾經在我巴褲的書裡面寫的，這文章是阿培本身養狗的經驗，對每個養狗的人都有很大的幫助，希望大家有時間可以把它看完，我翻譯成英文讓大家看：
Apei wrote many things into my Baku book. Mainly how to raise dogs, his life experience with dogs and about dog breeds. Its very useful information so please take a look. I translated it into English for everyone to read.
想要養全世界最大的狗，所有的大狗養過一輪，最後情定獒犬。
I wanted to raise all the big dogs available around the world. I wanted to takes turns raising all the big dogs, but I fell for Mastiff.
我從小就有個心願，要養全世界最大的狗。十幾歲開始工作，慢慢把大狗養了一輪：紐波利頓獒犬、大丹、高加索——最後才把重心放在西藏獒犬上。
Ever since when I was very young, I had a dream to raise all the big dogs available throughout the world. I started working at a very young age. Over the years, I had owned a Neapolitan Mastiff, Great Dane, Caucasian Shepherd, and finally now I am totally focused on taking care of my Tibetan Mastiff.
其實每種狗都可愛，只是養著養著，慢慢摸索出自己最喜歡的樣子——
To be honest, no matter what the breed, each dog is cute & lovable in its own way. Having own so many dogs, I slowly figured out what I like the most.
比方紐波利頓，嘴巴皮垂皺加上毛短，吃完東西不馬上擦乾淨，很容易過敏有皮膚病，照養上很費功夫。
Neapolitan Mastiff, for example, has saggy faces and very short hair. If you don’t clean him up after a meal, the dog can very easily have allergic reactions or skin diseases. It’s quite a chore taking care of this breed of dogs.
大丹漂亮修長，但我更喜歡粗勇的體型。
Great Danes are beautiful and usually possesses a lengthy body, but I like ones with a thicker and wider body.
高加索犬算是最貼近我期待的，但是，高加索犬野性比較強，對其他小狗比較不友善。
Caucasian Shepherd is perhaps a breed that is closest to my ideal type. However, shepherds are more primitive, they are not that friendly to small dogs.
至於西藏獒犬，牠忠實、對小孩、女人和小型動物又溫和——尤其是冬天，西藏獒犬換上一身長披毛，站出來威風凜凜、霸氣十足。
As far as Tibetan Mastiff goes, they are loyal, and gentle around kids, women, and other small animals. Especially during winter, a Tibetan Mastiff would change into a long fur coat, appearing so confident and proud, as if everything else is beneath them.
養到西藏獒犬，我心中就有「中」的感覺——所以一路養到現在。
When I got to owning a Tibetan Mastiff, that’s when my heart and mind went: “This is the one!” And so… I have been raising one ever since.
之前養的每隻狗，我都是養到牠們老死——大型狗的平均壽命比中小型犬還要短的許多，大概10年到15年。
All the dogs I had previously, I have always had them until they passed away peacefully in my arms due to old age. The average lifespan of large-sized dogs are usually a lot shorter than small-sized dogs. 10 -15 years, I would say, is probably the max.
要駕馭大型狗，教法是重點。我常跟人說，「狗的主人要有霸氣，要比狗兇」。從小規矩就要訂下——如果主人希望能帶大狗去散步，一定要從小帶牠出門，讓牠習慣走在你腿旁邊，讓牠早早社會化。
To manage a large-sized dog, the key is on teaching. I often tell my friends: “As a dog owner you have to be dominant, you have to be more dominant than your dog.” Show ‘em who’s the boss in the house, so to speak lol. As a dog owner if you wish to take your large dog out for a walk, you have to start taking them for a walk when they are still very small, let them get used to walking alongside you, this is basically to socialize them.
你帶領狗去散步，不是牠帶你去散步——讓牠們見多視廣，狗就不會有初見陌生事物激動暴衝的時候。
Remember tho, you are taking them for a walk, not the other way around. You have to let them see more, let them become familiarize with what’s happening on the outside. This way, it will lessen the occurrence of your dog having violent reactions to unfamiliar or unknown objects.
基本上，除非是生病，要不然狗咬人，都是基於「恐懼」。牠怕主人被攻擊，所以擺出戰鬥姿態——當然，社會化不足或主人威嚴感比較差的狗，就比較容易出在驚慌狀態下而暴衝咬人。
Basically, unless your dog is sick, a dog only starts biting people out of “fear.” They fear that his owner will be attacked, that’s why he goes into “combat mode.” Of course, a dog that is less socialized or a dog with a less dominant owner will more likely become violent (including biting) when they feel threatened or panicking.
這部分是主人的問題，比較不是狗狗本身的問題。改善了狗主人的牽法與教育狗的方式，狗的暴衝、易怒問題就可以得到改善。
This is the owner’s fault, and not on the dog. Once you improve upon the way you walk the dog and educate the dog the right away, the dog’s violent behavior and violent tendencies will show an improvement.
獒犬還有一個別稱，「栓犬」。讓獒犬待在同個地方大概30分鐘，牠就會覺得那是牠地盤，開始會對經過的路人兇，這點要特別注意。
Mastiff also goes by another name, “guardian dogs.” If you let a Mastiff stay in one place for over 30 minutes, he’ll think that this place is his place, his territory, and will starting defending it by being aggressive to passerby, this is something to be aware of.
我最常被問到的，獒犬吃很多三餐費用很高吧？
The question that I was asked the most is… “Mastiffs eat a lot, don’t they? So you must’ve spend a lot of dog food, right?”
我自己對狗比較捨得，讓牠吃好——牛肉全雞羊肉，但是也不一定要跟我一樣餵法。讓牠們吃飽，有時間去跑跑步，偶爾洗一下澡，牠們就很開心了。
I am more catering to my dog, that’s for sure. I’ll let him eat the good stuff --- beef, full chicken, lamb… But you don’t have to do it like me, tho, just feed him regularly so your dog is not hungry. If you have the time, take him for a walk or a jog, or bathe him, he is going to be really really happy if you do so.
最後要提醒的是，大型犬因為身體重腳的負擔大，狗主人最好是把牠們養在不滑的地板上，跟，6個月以前的小狗，髖關節還沒發育完全，不要讓牠們大量跑跳。這兩點注意一下，加上每天帶花時間帶牠們去散步運動，這樣就能保持牠們四隻腳的健康，減少很多腿部問題。
Lastly, I want remind everyone, as far as large dogs go, because of their huge physique they have tons of pressure on their feet, so it’s best for a dog owner to raise a large-sized dog on a non-slippery floor. Also, for a dog that is not yet 6 months old, don’t let the dog do too much jumping and running because his hip joint isn’t fully developed yet. That’s two things you should keep in mind. So as long as you take the time to walk your dog and do a bit of exercise, you’ll be able to keep their legs healthy, which will reduce a lot of the dog’s leg problems.
不管大狗小狗，牠們都是我們的家人，養了，就好好照顧牠一輩子。最後還是那句話.如何對待如何回報.
No matter big or small, a dog is family. If you got one, please take care of him/her for the rest of its life. Lastly, just want to say, You reap what you sow.
spend 花時間 在 [文法] spend, cost, take, waste如何區分- 精華區Eng-Class 的美食出口停車場
有勞高手們了 Orz~~
在翻譯上 spend, cost, waste, take 都是花(費)的意思
如: I spend lots of money everyday. (花錢)
I spent two hour on this book. (花時間)
This book costs $20. (花費)
How much does this cost? (多少錢)
Don't waste time! (花時間-不要浪費時間)
This book took me several months to finish up. (花時間)
等等等......
以上 都是"花"的意思...
請問 要如何區分各個字的用法 讓學生明白呢??
或 那兒有資料可提供查詢...
請告知
謝謝 ^^
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作者: tooodark (塗太黑) 看板: Eng-Class
標題: Re: [文法] spend, cost, take, waste如何區分
時間: Wed Sep 6 15:59:43 2006
※ 引述《zupersun (TOM)》之銘言：
: 有勞高手們了 Orz~~
: 在翻譯上 spend, cost, waste, take 都是花(費)的意思
: 如: I spend lots of money everyday. (花錢)
: I spent two hour on this book. (花時間)
: This book costs $20. (花費)
: How much does this cost? (多少錢)
: Don't waste time! (花時間-不要浪費時間)
: This book took me several months to finish up. (花時間)
: 等等等......
: 以上 都是"花"的意思...
: 請問 要如何區分各個字的用法 讓學生明白呢??
: 或 那兒有資料可提供查詢...
: 請告知
: 謝謝 ^^
spend以人為主詞
花錢、花時間
cost以物為主詞
花錢
waste以人為主詞
浪費錢、浪費時間
take以物為主詞
花時間
個人經驗…有誤請再指正，謝謝。
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塗太黑樂府 手工製樂（不是製藥^^）
https://blog.xuite.net/tooodark/musicstation
您的批評指教是敝人改進的原動力~
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作者: switchoff ( ) 看板: Eng-Class
標題: Re: [文法] spend, cost, take, waste如何區分
時間: Wed Sep 6 16:44:00 2006
※ 引述《tooodark (塗太黑)》之銘言：
: spend以人為主詞
: 花錢、花時間
補充一下
spend 後面加動詞的話 要用V-ing
加名詞的話 要用on
I spent 2 hours cleaning my room.
I spent 100 dollars on this book.
: cost以物為主詞
: 花錢
: waste以人為主詞
: 浪費錢、浪費時間
: take以物為主詞
: 花時間
: 個人經驗…有誤請再指正，謝謝。
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作者: chrisjon (我是布丁^^) 看板: Eng-Class
標題: Re: [文法] spend, cost, take, waste如何區分
時間: Thu Sep 7 00:07:16 2006
※ 引述《zupersun (TOM)》之銘言：
: 以上 都是"花"的意思...
: 請問 要如何區分各個字的用法 讓學生明白呢??
: 或 那兒有資料可提供查詢...
: 請告知
: 謝謝 ^^
四花一要
人 + spend +┌錢 (+ on + 物)
└時 (+ (in) + Ving)
物 + cost + (人) + 錢
事 + take + (人) + time = It takes + (人) + time + to V
人 + Pay + 錢 + for + 物
人 + charge + (人) + 錢
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