關於 securities firm ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

［紫砂茶壺］CLSA 變成一間大陸國企中信里昂，預咗啦下話，其實比預期中遲啦。好快名都改埋你

TLDR：CLSA，就等於籃球嘅AND1，或者英超溫布頓隊。癲佬兵團。咁畀人收編咗仲係咪嗰回事？當然唔係。正如車仔麵大排檔入咗舖都唔係嗰回事。但你估買嗰個唔知？

原文：How China’s Top Broker Tamed the ‘Insane Asylum’ of Hong Kong Finance（https://bityl.co/3Prx）

1. 相當好嘅文，當然係要科水。話時話埃汾耐唔耐有啲gift subscription（完全合法，因為我係付費訂戶），耐唔耐都在Patreon抽獎。不過不定期，你當bonus好了。無論如何支持下埃汾個Patreon（https://bit.ly/31QmYj7）．一星期至少三篇港美市場評點，一個月一舊水唔使，開張一個月已500人訂！仲有兩篇免費試睇。

2. 廣告賣完，講返個來龍去脈。首先早排在Whatsapp講開CLSA某神級人物，原來過咗檔我都唔知（證明我已經離開呢個圈）。然後早兩日見到WSJ呢篇文，今日又見有港媒講，咁就three times a lady，一定要寫

3. 想講，CLSA（里昂）係一間好特別嘅公司！行內人，做股票應該知，但行外人未必知。我一時都醒唔起有乜其他行業可以相比。可能係AND1？定係NetFlix？卒之諗到，其實CLSA，即係以前英超溫布頓！癲佬兵團！

4. 全部比喻都不倫不類（其實可能AND1最似樣），但無非想表達，CLSA係一間真係有「企業文化」，與眾不同嘅公司。講大，佢唔係最大。賺錢？唔係最賺錢。人工？亦唔係最高。但，就係唔撚同。做過CLSA係真係型啲，特別係Research Analyst （我當然冇做過，見都冇得見，係咁上下水平。我最勁就只係去到見德意志銀行或者瑞信嗰啲級數）

5. 文章嘅題起得好好，Tamed，馴服佢。馴服咗呢間Insane Asylum，痴線佬集中營（定避難所）。咁畀人馴服咗嘅CLSA仲係咪CLSA？唔打茅波唔拎牌嘅溫布頓仲係咪溫布頓？就當然唔係嗰回事，但買嗰個其實未必介意，或者都控制唔到

6. 寫得真好，正如上面講，CLSA咪就係癲佬兵團。當然佢地未係溫布頓咁癲，但好多都係啲主流一線大行撈唔掂，或者唔想跟果套嘢嘅鬼才去落腳。咁你知啦，一線大行，梗係搵錢為先，扼殺創意，一定係咁。即係以前TVB咁，流水作業嘛。但亞視先有開心主流派。

7. CLSA，就真係CLS的。CLS固然係Credit Lyonnais Securities，但重點係A，Asia，呢間公司由第一日已經同其他行唔同。其實間公司係香港創立嘅！創始人係Jim Walker與同埋胡漢輝（原來我公司樓下間利昌金舖就係佢，失敬）。之後先到里昂入股。留意最初幾個高層都係SCMP記者，唔係金融出身，亦令到間公司由頭到尾就唔同

8. CLSA最出名，應該有幾樣嘢，幾樣嘢都同佢地與眾不同嘅文化有關

9. 首先，CLSA係一間以Research Analyst 出名嘅公司，十分少見。後來我去唔止一間公司，啲高層對Research不滿指手劃腳，都係會想「參考」CLSA，但當然學唔嚟啦。畀你抄到嘅就唔係真正企業文化

10. CSLA嘅Research，都係以比較出位見稱。但出位唔係嘩眾取寵，或者特別中。但總之就係有啲同人地唔同嘅嘢。例如佢地好早已經用漫畫做封面，甚至專門請一team人去畫。

11. 仲有咩出位嘢？例如佢地會去寫丁蟹效應（https://bityl.co/3PpF），真架，全英文，跟足普通報告嘅format 同flow．做嚟做乜？冇架，過癮咯！但換著第啲行，少不免就畀老細問：整嚟做乜？對生意有乜幫助？只係為你地啲友自己過癮？

12. CLSA仲有咩出名？當然係里昂風水指數。應該大家都略有所聞，啲分析員定阿頭仲要著晒風水衫出嚟講。有乜科學根據？冇架！只係過癮。但吸到注意。當然而家仲有估，不過好似冇咁多人留意，冇計，共產黨唔講風水

13. 仲有乜出名？應該係CLSA嘅投資日。間間行都搞，我都搞過，但人地搞得就係唔同。佢搵咩人嚟講？你以為搵格林斯潘之類（我在北京都聽過格老講，大陸行咪搵佢，佢亦樂於咁呃飯食）？錯，佢搵泰臣，搵碧咸，搵Rihanna 嚟講。夠唔夠型？（其實CLSA都搵過格林斯潘，仲搵過克林頓，可惜冇搵萊溫斯基）

14. 寫咗成千幾字，就講間公司點與眾不同。唔使最大唔使最賺錢但係要過癮要型要特別。引返原文嘅英文，It was probably the noisiest voice and the most colorful voice” in the region. The firm prided itself on being non-hierarchical and freethinking.

15. 文中亦都引返，舊CEO提過Insane Asylum，一線大行生存唔到嘅人，CLSA歡迎你。公司唔講階級，新職員一樣參加最高層會議。

16. 不過俱往矣，其實一路都有人質疑呢套文化生唔生存到落去，畢竟做大事三個條件，銀紙，銀紙，同埋銀紙。CLSA一路強項都係Research同Equity Trading，但好早已經畀人質疑係咪過時。咁加速呢套嘢玩完嘅，當然係大陸佬入股。

17. 時為2013年，中信證券買起里昂。而家都7年，差不多了。借來的時間，借來的地方。最近一兩年就加速「中信化」，「去里昂化」

18. 諗都諗到，CLSA呢套企業文化，同直屬國務院嘅中信，點融合？佢地啲友連華爾街主流大行都頂唔住，何況中信證券？再加上中國國進民退，中美關係又惡化（下刪一萬字）等等。所以都係嗰句，遲早要嚟，7年已經比預期內。

19. 正如文章所謂，而家嘅CLSA，就變到好似一間國企咁。咁但，佢真係一間國企嘛，咁先正常。

20. 一貫作風，買咗返嚟，開頭梗係唔郁住，相敬如賓。咁開頭都真係冇乜干預。但過去一兩年，啲鬼佬高層就陸續出走了，好多分析員亦走埋，大陸佬上場。係咁架啦

21. 亦可能因為咁，見到CLSA在行內投票啲排名都跌咗，乜乜AsiaMoney最佳Research之類，當然你亦可以話得啖笑，埃汾都玩過，明顯拎唔到獎就話得啖笑
22. 仲有，WSJ都冇提嘅，我講。咪話早排whatspp同朋友講起CLSA某神級人物？正係Chris Wood．唔識Chris Wood你都唔好話自己出嚟行。做analyst做到有Wikipedia page喎（https://bityl.co/3PrV）。呢位外型似莫扎特嘅仁兄，在我入行前（即係，15年前），已經係神枱級人馬。佢份weekly newsletter Greed & Fear極出名。當年我直頭視佢為奮鬥對象。結果？咁個撚個打NBA都當佐敦高比或占士偶像啦，踢波個個都視C朗美斯為奮鬥對象啦，咁樓下個阿叔變咗C朗未？

23. 但原來Chris Wood都走埋，走咗成年幾我都唔知。都話我已經離開咗呢個圈（其實從來都冇入過，你踢澳門聯賽又話同C朗係同一個圈咩）

24. 但，講到尾，賺唔賺到錢先？似乎都係不錯，至少暫時係。某程度上多得中美交惡，唔少美國上市嘅中資返嚟香港上，甚至原本想去美國嘅都唔去，留在香港。投行過去一年呢啲上市費相當好搵。而在Asia ex Japan，2020上半年，投行收入最高嘅，就係中信證券。因為多中資公司上市。

25. 呢個當然亦有人講香港市場日漸中國化，但，一路都係架啦。得罪講句，以前又有幾國際？咪又係匯豐一隻？怡和都收埋皮啦，下話？咁以前都不過係英國化啫。但英殖年代當然係英國化，正如回歸後當然係中國化。唔同一堆日本定印度公司嚟香港上市咩。

26. 篇文最初講，「紫砂茶壺」，新一代應唔知係乜。就算知咩係紫砂茶壺，應都唔知紫砂茶壺as a metaphor．但我都係嗰句，一葉知秋，CLSA咪反映香港金融，金融咪反映成個社會。係咁架啦，借來的時間，借來嘅地方。天要下雨娘要嫁人。係架，金牌小龍抄咗都唔似鼎泰豐。但有乜所謂呢？反正鼎泰豐大陸仲賺錢過台灣。

27. 所以都係鐵律，買返嚟，點會唔拆你塊招牌？我地唔係講緊香港電台下話？商業機構，當然係邊個畀錢邊個話事。舊文［誰大，誰惡，誰正確］（http://bit.ly/2WvlUkT）寫過，「最初係A,B，吞併咗就A+B，但記住分莊閒，最後就變成A自己。B個名掉落屎坑。例子太多。隨口講都講到，摩根士丹利添惠，摩根大通，瑞士信貸第一波士頓，瑞銀華寶，匯控獲多利，法國巴黎百富勤。當然仲有，星展唯高達，匯豐獲多利。」

28. 變味？咪變味咯。如果只係想賺錢嘅，咁入股幾個巴仙做財務投資得啦。但自己渣莊就係過癮嘛，所以點解明明創業死亡率極高，餐廳好多都執笠，但依然好多人仆到去做。因為過癮。咁但過癮，多數係有代價。所以我從來都唔信咩返工會開心，如果返工好開心，應該公司收你錢，唔係出糧畀你

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Ivan Patreon 狼耳街華人，一星期至少三篇港美市場評點，一個月一舊水唔使，開張一個月已500人訂！仲有兩篇免費試睇：https://bit.ly/31QmYj7

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［收費短片第九擊］美股科技股是否泡沫爆破？價值投資之選

課程資訊：https://homebloggerhk.com/course_detail/?code=CC009

內容:
*美股急跌點算好
*科技股係咪泡沫爆煲？
*有乜價值投資之選？

本星期內特惠售價: $80
課程編號：CC009
觀看期限：首次播放後一星期及限每影片４次
客服whatsapp: 63832145

另外想買返第八擊（美國總統大選股票部署）都仲可以：https://bityl.co/3NPn

[時事英文] 散戶牛市 🐂💰

Is it investing or just gambling?

這到底是投資還是賭博呢?

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It’s one of the year’s biggest market stories: Mom-and-pop investors have fallen back in love with stocks, lured by free trading apps, a resurgent bull market led by technology companies and a pandemic that has left millions of Americans at home with little to do.

New data show a number of ways in which the individual-trading boom has reshaped the U.S. stock market. Here are five takeaways:

1. mom-and-pop investors 散戶、小型投資者
2. fall in love with 愛上
3. free trading apps 免費交易應用程式
4. resurgent 復興的；再次增長的；再度流行的
5. a bull market 牛市 (當某一市場、行業或金融工具呈上升趨勢時，通常稱之為牛市。)
6. little to do 無事可做
7. reshape 重塑

這是今年最大的市場熱點之一：在免費交易應用程式和科技公司引領的牛市重新抬頭的誘惑下，加上數以百萬計美國人因新冠大流行而在家無所事事，散戶重新愛上了股市。新的數據顯示散戶交易熱潮在多個方面重塑了美國股市。以下是五個要點:

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🐂 1. Individual stock trading is at a decade high 💰

個人股票交易達到了十年來的最高點

Trading by individuals accounts for a greater chunk of market activity than at any time during the past 10 years, according to Larry Tabb, head of market-structure research at Bloomberg Intelligence. During the first six months of this year, individual investors accounted for 19.5% of the shares traded in the U.S stock market, up from 14.9% last year and nearly double the level from 2010, Mr. Tabb estimates.

8. account for (sth) （在數量上）佔 ; 解釋、說明 ; 對...負有責任
9. a chunk of 一部分；（尤指）大部分，一大塊
10. market activity 市場活動

Bloomberg Intelligence市場結構研究主管Larry Tabb表示，個人交易在市場活動中的佔比超過了過去10年的任何時候。Tabb估計，今年前六個月，散戶投資者在美國股市交易量中的佔比為19.5%，高於去年的14.9%，是2010年水平的近兩倍。他的數據沒有進一步向前追溯。

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🐂 2. Small investors are powering big moves in some stocks 💰

小型投資者正在推動一些股票的大幅波動

It has been called the Robinhood effect, the idea that stampedes of investors using the popular app are driving irrational stock moves.

In fact, such activity doesn’t matter much for most stocks, according to Nick Maggiulli, chief operating officer of Ritholtz Wealth Management. But there is evidence of a Robinhood effect in some smaller stocks, he said.

11. power (v.) 為…提供動力，驅動
12. big moves 大幅波動
13. stampede （尤指獸群或人群因恐懼引發的）狂奔；奔逃，蜂擁
(這裡指散戶湧入股市)
14. drive irrational stock moves 驅動非理性股市走勢

這被稱為羅賓漢效應，這種觀點認為，使用這種廣受歡迎的應用程式的投資者紛紛湧入市場，正在推動非理性的股票走勢。

資產管理機構Ritholtz Wealth Management首席營運官Nick Maggiulli表示，事實上，對於大多數股票來說這些活動無關緊要。但他表示，有證據表明，一些較小型股票存在羅賓漢效應。
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🐂 3. Asia is where individual investors truly dominate 💰

在亞洲股市，散戶是真正的主力軍

Many Asian stock markets have traditionally been dominated by individual investors, unlike the institution-heavy U.S. market. In places such as mainland China, frenzied trading by individuals can create a casino-like feel, with exuberant bull runs followed by spectacular crashes.

Individuals often account for more than 80% of volume on the Shanghai Stock Exchange, while on the Korea Exchange’s main Kospi market, nearly 84% of shares traded so far this year were on behalf of individual investors, according to data compiled by Hee-Joon Ahn, a finance professor at Sungkyunkwan University in Seoul.

15. be dominated by 由…所主導
16. individual investors 個人投資者
17. frenzied trading 狂熱交易
18. bull runs 行情
19. on behalf of 代表
20. data that is compiled by 由…整理的數據

不同於以機構投資者為主的美國股市，許多亞洲股市向來由個人投資者所主導。在中國A股等亞洲股市，散戶的狂熱交易會營造出賭場般的感覺，有時股市會牛氣沖天，隨後大幅跳水。

首爾成均館大學(Sungkyunkwan University)金融學教授Hee-Joon Ahn整理的數據顯示，在上海證券交易所，散戶的股票交易量通常佔到80%以上；在韓國證券交易所主要的Kospi市場，今年以來，有近84%的股票交易是代表個人投資者進行的。

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🐂 4. More of the U.S. stock market is going dark 💰

美股暗盤交易量上升

The individual-investing boom has led to historically high levels of “dark” trading, in which stocks are bought and sold on opaque private venues, rather than public exchanges. That is because online brokers typically funnel small investors’ trades to electronic-trading firms that execute the incoming orders.

In July, 43.2% of U.S. stock-trading volume took place off-exchange, according to Rosenblatt Securities, a brokerage firm. That is the highest level that the firm has recorded since it started tracking such data in 2008.

21. investing boom 投資熱潮
22. historically high levels of 歷史高位
23. “dark” trading 暗盤 (暗盤是指大利市機以外的股份交易買賣。 由於當中的買賣並不曝露於大眾之前，不會經證交所披露其中內容，所以這些買賣被稱之為暗盤。)

24. opaque 不透明的；不透光的
25. private venues 非公開場所
26. public exchanges 公開的交投
27. brokerage firm 證券商

個人投資熱潮已經導致股票暗盤交易量達到歷史高位，這種交易指的是股票在不透明的非公開場所買賣，而不是在公開的交易所進行交投。出現這種現象的原因是，在線經紀商通常會將小型投資者的交易單交給執行指令的電子交易公司。

據券商Rosenblatt Securities提供的數據，7月份，美國有43.2%的股票交易量發生在交易所外。這是該公司自2008年開始跟蹤此類數據以來所記錄到的最高水平。

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🐂 5. Big winners may be electronic traders 💰

大贏家可能是電子交易公司

The firms that execute individual investors’ orders have enjoyed surging volumes. The three biggest players in that business—Citadel Securities, Virtu Financial Inc. and Susquehanna International Group LLP—traded a combined 69.4 billion shares over the counter in June, more than triple the level from November, according to Bloomberg Intelligence. The vast majority of the firms’ over-the-counter trades come from individual investors. OTC trading is a type of off-exchange trading.

Electronic-trading firms profit from individuals’ trades by collecting a small difference between the buying and selling prices of a stock. It’s hard to know how much money they are making, though, because most are private and don’t report financials.

28. big winners 大贏家
29. surging volumes 交易量大幅上升
30. the biggest players 巨頭 ; 主要參與者；主力
31. according to 根據
32. the vast majority of 絕大多數
33. over-the-counter trades 場外交易 (場外交易是指證券投資機構之間不通過股票交易所，而以電話、電傳等方式相互進行的股票交易。)

為散戶執行交易指令的公司交易量大幅上升。據Bloomberg Intelligence的數據，這一領域的三巨頭是Citadel Securities、Virtu Financial Inc.和海納國際集團(Susquehanna International Group) ，6月份的場外交易總量為694億股，是去年11月的三倍多。這些公司的絕大多數場外交易來自散戶投資者。

電子交易公司通過收取股票買賣之間的微小差價從個人交易中獲利。不過，很難知道這些公司到底賺了多少錢，因為大多數公司都未上市，也不披露財務報告。

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What are some problems this phenomenon might cause? Benefits?

本現象將帶來什麼樣的問題？其利益呢?

《華爾街日報》完整內容：https://on.wsj.com/34TiE5V
　
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📰 華爾街日報訂閱方案: https://bit.ly/39ULVh1

🎓 華爾街日報獎助學金計畫 (A20): https://bit.ly/2C2tUAI

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時事英文講義：https://bit.ly/2XmRYXc

Text to speech reader (文字轉音檔):
https://www.naturalreaders.com/online/

整理得很好

【**川普做了哪些40年來其他總統沒做的事?**】中共就是這幾任包括柯林頓，小布希，歐巴馬給搞到為所欲為，不管川普是否連任，這4年能夠把中共搞到崩潰邊緣，他真的不簡單!

**這裡整理幾點，他做了那些前任總統沒做的事?**

**1. 讓反共成為美國共識:**
* 正式公開承認過去幾十年對中政策的錯誤，並將中國與中共分開，認定中共所領導的中國為「有別於民主」的獨裁國家，視其為「新威權主義」

**2. 讓反共成為民主自由國家共識:**
* 呼籲並整合西方國家，在民主自由與極權暴政之間只能選邊站，價值觀勝過經濟誘因
* 在這次疫情，願意第一個出來講真話，讓我們不用活在指鹿為馬的世界，指出就是因為中共隱匿疫情，造成全球染疫超過千萬，死亡超過50萬人，經濟停擺，損失無可計算，四億多全職工作消失不復返，生活模式改變
* 甚至，他點出了 [#宗教自由](https://www.facebook.com/…/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%87%AA%E7%9…)，喚醒我們與中共的差別，西方民主國家不要忘記我們的價值觀，行善止惡的重要性

**3. 斷絕中共資金來源:**
* 進行貿易戰，提高關稅，迫使各國紛出走中國
* 提供優惠措施，輔導美企出走中國
* 嚴審中概股，逼迫中企會計公開透明，被迫在自由市場滅頂
* 限制經由香港的資金流動
* 對中國敏感科高科技出口禁令擴展到香港
* 下令美聯邦退休基金撤出中國，禁止用美國公務及老兵的退休基金去投資中國，使其製造武器來威脅美國人/士兵生命，過去幾任總統都是這樣做
* 美國八成假貨來自中港，不但危害智慧產權，消費者安全，更打擊市場公平性，川普對這些產品進行關稅制裁
* 進行《香港自治法》的簽署: 潛在制裁對象還首度包括國際金融機構，可導致中港銀行無法與美國銀行交易、不能使用美元結算，以打擊中港方資金鏈

**4. 斷絕中共技術來源，消滅「中國製造2025」:**
* 抵制中興、華為及與中共及解放軍有關係的中企
* 阻斷中國晶片來源，沒了心臟，所有設備根本出不了中國
* 對美國涉及千人計劃的學者、科學家開鍘，並對源頭中國駐美使館進行公開譴責
* 反制習近平「軍民融合戰略」竊取高科技，針對中國公民和學生進行簽證禁令，禁止具任何解放軍背景公民、學生與研究人員的再入境，撤銷簽證，甚至逮捕，一解放軍軍官以學術研究到美，在機場被捕，面臨最高10年刑期
* 正在進行「年度國防授權法案 (NDAA)」的簽署: 公布竊取美商業機密、威脅國家安全或經濟健康的個人或公司名單，[#向竊取技術的企業實施懲罰](https://www.facebook.com/…/%E5%90%91%E7%AB%8A%E5%8F%96%E6%8…)，包括凍結他們在美國的資產，及禁止美國公民與這些公司和個人進行交易的制裁，還包括加強美國供應鏈的措施，以及擴大與中國導彈防禦系統整合的限制

**5. 5G:**
* 正式宣布華為國安威脅，目前世界已有多國正式宣布不用華為進行5G基礎建設，這對全世界各國國家安全極為重要，菲律賓即因電網用華為設備，中共可遠端停電菲律賓48小時
* 美憂中國監視及竊盜資料，海纜准通台灣，不准通香港

**6. 印太戰略**
* 美國對中國擴張問題，不再只是內容空泛的抱怨，反而是堅強的執行意志。從新加坡李顯龍公開表示，希望華府不要逼新加坡與東協在美、中兩國選邊，很明顯就是針對美國印太戰略在發言
* 美國正在亞太地區部署前所未見的軍力，目前美軍部署在亞太地區的兵力為37.5萬人，占美軍總兵力的28%，其中包括60%的海軍艦艇、55%的陸軍部隊，以及2/3的陸戰隊兵力
* 美國前總統歐巴馬8年任期中，在南海只執行4次航行自由行動，然而川普上任迄今四年已執行22次，是歐巴馬的11倍

**7. 台灣**
* 稱蔡英文為台灣總統，國務卿蓬佩奧公開稱讚台灣在民主自由的貢獻，並支持台灣加入WHO等國際組織
* 台灣被確認是美國印太戰略核心夥伴，公開邀請參加八月南海軍演
* 2016年共和黨首度將《六項保證》納入黨綱
* 《台北法案》: 內容涵蓋台灣對外關係、美台經貿關係和台灣參與國際組織，增強美台雙邊經貿關係，並要求美政府促進台灣國際參與
* 《2018年亞洲再保證倡議法》其中第209條款「對台灣之承諾」重申支持美國與台灣在政治、經濟及安全的合作，規定「美國總統應依來自中國之威脅而定期對台軍售」
* 《台灣旅行法》: 促進兩國高層交流
* 重啟台美FTA談判
* 美方加強參與台灣國艦國造
* 軍售台灣: 18枚MK-48 AT重型魚雷，66架F-16戰機，派里級巡防艦、AAV7兩棲突擊車、人攜刺針飛彈250枚、拖式2B型飛彈769枚、標槍飛彈及迅安系統後續支援，HARM反輻射飛彈50枚、聯合距外武器（JSOW）空對地飛彈56枚、MK48魚雷46枚、標準二型（SM-2）飛彈16枚、MK54輕型魚雷168枚、4艘紀德級驅逐艦AN /SLQ-32（V）3電戰系統性能提升、SRP偵蒐雷達後續維持、MK41垂直發射系統，C-130 運輸機、F-5 戰鬥機、經國號戰鬥機，M1A2T戰車、M88A2裝甲救濟車、M1070A1 重裝備運輸車、M1000 重裝備運輸板車、FIM-92刺針便攜式防空飛彈、122把M2重機槍、216把M240通用機槍
* 進行《台灣防衛法》的簽署: 確保美軍有能力保護台灣安全，包括評估採取有限核武來嚇阻中國

**8. 香港**
* 制裁傷害香港自治的中港官員，包括: 中共政治局常委，負責港澳事務的韓正，加速中共高層內部的分裂
* 通過《香港人權與民主法》，撤銷香港特別待遇，包括禁止出口軍民兩用技術到香港
* 著手撤銷香港在引渡條例、出口管制、旅遊及獨立關稅區地位等領域所享有的特殊待遇
* 進行《香港自治法》的簽署: 對破壞香港自治的中港官員，凍結其在美資產，禁止入境美國；潛在制裁對象還首度包括國際金融機構，可導致中港銀行無法與美國銀行交易、不能使用美元結算，以打擊中港方資金鏈

**9. 新疆**
* 2019年10月，美國宣布將28個打壓新疆穆斯林的中企列入黑名單
* 2020年5月，美國宣布將中國公安部法醫研究所和8家中企列入經濟黑名單，並將33個協助中國政府監控維族，或與中國解放軍及大規模殺傷性武器有關聯的企業、機構、個人列入黑名單
* 通過《2020 年維吾爾人權政策法案》，呼籲禁止在中國境內外對這些族群的任意拘留、酷刑和騷擾，將制裁監禁超過百萬穆斯林的中國官員，制裁手段包括：凍結中國有關官員的在美財產、拒絶他們入境、拒發或取消簽證

**10. 媒體:**
* 今年2月，美國已將新華社、中國環球電視網（CGTN）、中國國際廣播電台（CRI）、《中國日報》發行公司，以及《人民日報》發行商美國海天發展公司列為外國使團
* 今年3月，美國要求削減60位中國籍記者
* 今年4月，白宮史無前例地批評美國之音為中國政府做宣傳。新任執行長在6月初通過國會核准，原本貝內特（Amanda Bennet）在內多名美國之音高管宣佈辭職
* 今年5月，美國限制中國籍記者簽證90天
* 今年5月，川普與推特等社群媒體槓上，怒斥打壓言論自由
* 今年7月，新增4家中共官媒為外國使團，包括: 中央電視台（CCTV）、中國新聞社（中新社）、《人民日報》和《環球時報》，從此需向美國國務院提供在美員工的名單及他們在美租賃或持有的房地產清單

**11. 疫情前，2019年底的美國經濟表現**
* 失業率維持在 3.5%，創 1969 年以來新低
* 執政 3 年美股飆逾 50%，高居歷屆總統第一
* 招聘人數的增加和工資的上漲推動了消費者支出，消費者支出占美國經濟的三分之二以上
* 美國是2019年G7唯一經濟增速將超過2%的國家
* 至2019年12月，美國經濟已連續第126個月持續增長，是有記錄以來最長的經濟增長期
* 美國股市的總市值攀升至創紀錄，1.5倍於其GDP
* 強勁的美國經濟在2019年繼續吸引來自世界各地的投資，使美元匯率升至歷史新高

**12. 國際組織**
* 川普大聲譴責目前「過於以中國為中心」的國際機構，包括WHO等
* 以行動退出世衛及拒絕提供資金後，世衛終於在6月30日承認中國並非第一個告知疫情，也就是中共違反世界衛生條例，並沒有在24小時內告知世衛，也代表全球都有法源依據跟中共求償
* 川普政府的國家安全小組甚至在考慮建立一個全新的國際衛生組織，以使美國能擁有更大影響
* WTO秘書長突然在今年5月辭職
* 川普表示: 聯合國是一個過時的組織。暗示應成立一個以民主自由國家，有共同價值觀為前提的組織，並開始邀請各國參加G11

What did Trump do that the former presidents did not do?

1. Making Anti-CCP a consensus in the United States:
* Formally and publicly acknowledged the mistakes of the China policy over the past few decades, separated China from CCP, and regarded China led by CCP as a dictatorship, different from democracy countries

2. Making Anti-CCP a consensus in the democratic and free nations:
* Appealed the democratic and free nations to stand together against CCP. Western countries is forced by CCP to choose side between persistence in freedom and acceptance of Beijing’s bully tactics, between value and economic incentives.
* In this epidemic, told us the fact that it’s because of the CCP’s deliberate concealment, more than 10 million people have been infected, more than 500,000 people have died, more than 400 million full-time jobs have disappeared, and our lifestyle is forced to be changed.
* Pointed out the importance of religious freedom and awakened us the differences between us and the CCP. CCP is a regime that oppresses her people’s religious freedom. Western democracies should not forget our insistence on freedom and beliefs

3. Cut off the sources of CCP funds:
* Carried out trade wars, raised tariffs, forced the companies and the investment to move out of China
* Provided preferential measures to assist US companies to move out of China
* Passed a bill that would prevent companies that refuse to open their books from listing on Wall Street. This move is aimed to "kick deceitful Chinese companies off US exchanges."
* Restrict the flow of funds through Hong Kong
* Directed federal pension fund to halt investments in Chinese stocks
* Imposed tariff sanctions on Chinese fake products
* Passed the Hong Kong Autonomy Act to require the imposition of sanctions on foreign individuals and banks that participate in China’s oppression of Hong Kong

4. Cut off the sources of high-tech technology and knowledge acquired by CCP, and eliminate the possibility of Made in China 2025:
* Boycotted ZTE, Huawei, and the Chinese companies which are related to the CCP and the PLA
* Block CCP's access to acquire the high-end chips
* Arrested the scholars and scientists involved in the Thousand Talents Program, and publicly condemned the Chinese Embassy accused to lead this program in the US
* Ordered a ban on issuing visas to the Chinese people, students and researchers with PLA background, in order to prevent Xi Jinping's "military-civilian integration strategy" from stealing US high technology
* Signed "National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA)": published a list of individuals or companies that steal US trade secrets, threaten national security or economic health; Penalize the companies that steal technology, including freezing their US assets; Prohibit U.S. citizens from trading with these companies and individuals...and so on.

5. 5G:
* Barred American firms from selling tech and supplies to huawei without first obtaining a license to do so and restricted companies like TSMC, a Taiwan-based firm, from exporting computer chipsets and other key components to Huawei.
* At the same time, warned the world that Huawei products will pose a risk to their national securities. Now, the tide is turning against Huawei, many countries have given up using Huawei equipments on their 5G instructure.
* According to CNN, because of using huawei equipments, the Philippines' power grid is under the full control of the Chinese government and could be shut off in time of conflict
* Denied Google to use a direct connection between the US and Hong Kong, due to a significant risk to security

6. Indo-Pacific Strategy
* The United States is no longer just complaining about the content of China's expansion, but rather a strong will to execute. Li Xianlong from Singapore stated publicly that he hopes that Washington will not force Singapore and ASEAN to choose sides in the United States and China.
* The United States is deploying unprecedented military power in the Asia-Pacific region. Currently, the US military has 375,000 troops deployed in the Asia-Pacific region, accounting for 28% of the total US military strength, including 60% of naval ships, 55% of the army, and around 66% Marine Forces
* During the eight-year term of the former President Obama, only carried out four freedom of navigation operations in the South China Sea. However, Trump has carried out 22 times in the four years so far, which is 11 times that of Obama.

7. Taiwan
* Ignoring CCP’s intimidation, the secretary of State Pompeo publically and officially called Tsai Ing-wen the President of Taiwan. Also, praised Taiwan’s contribution to democracy and freedom, and supported Taiwan’s accession to WHO and other international organizations
* Publicly announced Taiwan is the core partner of the US-Indo-Pacific Plan, and openly invited Taiwan to participate in August Joint Navy Exercise in South China Sea
* Reiterated the "Six Guarantees" for Taiwan in 2016
* Signed "Taipei Act": It aims to increase the scope of US relations with Taiwan and encourage other nations and international organizations to strengthen their official and unofficial ties with this nation
* Signed "Asian Reassurance Initiative Act 2018" : It aims to support the close economic, political, and security relationship between Taiwan and the United States, to faithfully enforce all existing United States Government commitments to Taiwan, to counter efforts to change the status quo and to support peaceful resolution acceptable to both sides of the Taiwan Strait, to conduct regular arms sales To Taiwan
* Signed "Taiwan Travel Law": It aims to encourage the travel of high level United States officials to Taiwan

8. Hong Kong
* In May 27, 2020, announced by the Secretary of State under the Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act that Hong Kong no longer enjoys sufficient autonomy in order to justify special treatment by the US
* In May 28, 2020, announced that the United States would initiate the process of revoking Hong Kong’s favorable treatment under US law
* In July 1st, 2020, passed the Hong Kong Autonomy Act. It’s aimed to provide for mandatory sanctions against individuals, entities and financial institutions in response to China’s National Security Law for Hong Kong.

9. Xinjiang
* China has rounded up at least a million Uighurs in Xinjiang and imprisoned them in what it calls "re-education camps." An investigation found that most of the detainees were imprisoned due to their religious practices and culture, rather than extremist behavior.
* In October 2019, banned the import of products made by a firm in Xinjiang over its use of forced labor, also, blacklisted 28 Chinese entities for their role in the repression of Uighurs and issued visa restrictions on key Chinese officials
* In May 2020, added 33 companies to the United States’ economic blacklist of Chinese companies with ties to China’s military. The Commerce Department explained the banning of these companies, claiming that they are “complicit in human rights violations and abuses committed in China’s campaign of repression, mass arbitrary detention, forced labor and high-technology surveillance against Uighurs, ethnic Kazakhs, and other members of Muslim minority groups in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region.”
* In signed into a law an act authorizing sanctions against Chinese officials over the mass detention and surveillance of Uighur Muslims in China's western Xinjiang province. The new legislation is the most significant action by any country to punish China over its treatment of ethnic minorities.

10. Media:
* In February, require five Chinese state-run media organizations to register their personnel and property with the U.S. government, granting them a designation akin to diplomatic entities.The five organizations affected are Xinhua News Agency; China Global Television Network, previously known as CCTV; China Radio International; the parent company of China Daily newspaper; and the parent company of The People’s Daily newspaper. All five meet the definitions of "foreign missions" under the Foreign Missions Act, according to the State Department.
* In March, ordered several Chinese media organizations to dismiss 60 U.S.-based Chinese nationals
* In May, reduced the length of work visas for journalists from China employed by non-U.S. media will be to a maximum of 90 days. Chinese reporters can apply for extensions, each one also limited to 90 days
* In the end of May, after Trump's complained reminding, Twitter has flagged a tweet written in March by a Chinese government spokesman that the US military brought the novel Coronavirus to China, as the social media platform ramps up fact-checking of posts.
* In July, announced that four more Chinese media organizations will be treated as foreign diplomatic missions, including: China Central Television (CCTV), China News Service (China News Service), People’s Daily, and Global Times.

11. Before the epidemic, the US economic performance at the end of 2019
* Unemployment rate remains at 3.5%, a new low since 1969
* During Trump’s three years in power, U.S. stocks soared by more than 50%, ranking first among successive presidents
* Increased recruitment and rising wages have driven consumer spending, which accounts for more than two-thirds of U.S. economic output, and its health has helped the economy maintain a stretch of growth that is now in its 11th year.
* In G7 in 2019, the United States is the only country with an economic growth rate of more than 2%
* As of December 2019, the U.S. economy has expanded for a record 126 straight months, the longest time period in the country’s history according to the National Bureau of Economic Research.
* The total market value of the US stock market climbed to a record, 1.5 times GDP
* In 2019, the strong American economy attracts investment from all over the world,bringing the dollar exchange rate to a record high

12. International organizations
* Loudly accused WHO of being very "China-centric" and withdrawn from the WHO by action and refusing to provide funds, the WHO finally admitted on June 30 that it was alerted by its own office in China, and not by China itself, to the first pneumonia cases in Wuhan.
* Trump is even considering to establish a new international health organization to allow the United States to have greater influence
* WTO Secretary-General suddenly resigned in May this year
* Trump even called for reform of outdated United Nations, implying that an new UN organization should based on the common value as democracy and freedom. Hence, he is starting to invite more democratic countries into G7