關於 pakistan provinces ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

[時事英文] 新冠病毒將如何改變教育？

How will the coronavirus change education?

No one knows for sure, but some schools have begun switching entirely to online programs. Just yesterday, Stanford University announced that it will move all of its classes online.

沒有人確切知道，但一些學校開始全面轉換成線上教學。就在昨天，史丹佛大學宣布將所有課程移至線上。

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The coronavirus has forced at least nine countries, as well as countless provinces, cities and towns, to close schools in an effort to contain the outbreak’s spread. Hundreds of millions of students around the globe are now out of school in China, South Korea, Iran, Italy, Japan, France, Pakistan and elsewhere.

1. in an effort to 致力於
2. contain the outbreak’s spread 控制疫情的傳播

冠狀病毒迫使至少九個國家，以及數不清的省市鄉鎮停課來控制疫情傳播，類似的混亂和干擾在世界各地蔓延。在中國、韓國、伊朗、義大利、日本、法國、巴基斯坦和其他地方，全球有數億學生無法上學。

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It is a grand social experiment with little parallel in the modern era of education. Schools and the school day help provide the structure and support for families, communities and entire economies. And the effect of closing them for weeks and sometimes months en masse could have untold repercussions for children and society at large, transcending geographies and class.

3. a grand social experiment 這是一場宏大的社會實驗
4. with little parallel 幾乎沒有同情況發生過
5. the modern era of education 現代教育領域
6. en mass 一起，全體
7. have untold repercussion 無法估量的影響
8. at large 普遍地，全體地
9. transcend 超越，超過，超出（尤指界限）

這是一場宏大的社會實驗，在現代教育領域可說史無前例。學校和去上學的日子有助於為家庭、社區和整個經濟提供架構和支撐。將學校關閉數週甚至數月，可能會對孩子乃至整體社會產生無法估量的、超越地域和階層的影響。

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Older students have missed crucial study sessions for college admissions exams, while younger ones have risked falling behind on core subjects like reading and math. Parents have scrambled to find child care or to work from home. Families have moved children to new schools in areas unaffected by the coronavirus, and lost milestones like graduation ceremonies or last days of school.

10. crucial study session 重要學習環節
11. college admission exam 大學入學考試
12. scramble to find 爭先恐後地尋找
13. milestones 里程碑

年齡較大的學生錯過了大學招生考試的重要學習環節，年紀較小的學生有可能在閱讀和數學等核心科目上落後。父母們爭先恐後地尋找兒童看護或在家工作。一些家庭把孩子轉學到未受新冠病毒影響地區的新學校，也有的錯過了畢業典禮或最後幾日校園生活等重大事件。

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All of this is compounded for families who do not have the financial means or professional flexibility, forcing parents such as Ms. Gao to take unpaid leave, or leaving students indefinitely without an educational backstop.

14. compound (v) 使加重，使加劇，使惡化
15. financial means 經濟能力
16. an educational backstop 教育支持

對於沒有經濟能力或缺乏職業彈性的家庭來說，這一切都是雪上加霜，迫使高夢賢這樣的父母無薪休假，或者讓學生無限期地得不到教育支持。

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Governments are trying to help. Japan is offering subsidies to companies to help offset the cost of parents taking time off work. France has promised 14 days of paid sick leave to parents of children who must self-isolate, if they have no choice but to watch their children themselves.

17. offer subsidy 提供補助
18. offset the cost 抵銷成本
19. paid sick leave 帶薪病假
20. self-isolate 自我隔離
21. no choice but to... 別無選擇只能...

各國政府正試圖提供幫助。日本向企業提供補貼，幫助抵消父母請假的成本。法國承諾，如果孩子必須自我隔離，而父母別無選擇只能自己照顧孩子時，他們將享受14天的帶薪病假。

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But the burdens are widespread, touching corners of society seemingly unconnected to education. In Japan, schools have canceled bulk food delivery orders for lunches they will no longer serve, affecting farmers and suppliers. In Hong Kong, an army of domestic helpers have been left unemployed after wealthy families enrolled their children in schools overseas.

22. touch every corner of society 觸及社會的各個角落
23. seemingly unconnected 看似無關的
24. cancel bulk food delivery order 取消批量食物配送的訂單
25. no longer serve 不再供應
26. domestic helper 家庭幫傭

但這種負擔是普遍存在的，觸及全社會似乎與教育無關的各個角落。在日本，學校不再供應午餐，因此取消了批量食品配送訂單，影響了農民和供應商。在香港，富裕家庭將子女送到海外學校就讀，大批家佣失業。

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School and government officials are doing their best to keep children learning — and occupied — at home. The Italian government created a dedicated webpage to give teachers access to videoconference tools and ready-made lesson plans. Almost two dozen Mongolian television stations are airing classes. Iran’s government has worked with internet content providers, such as Iran’s version of Netflix, to make all children’s content free.

27. give access to 有管道可以
28. videoconference tools 影片會議工具
29. ready-made lesson plans 現成的教案
30. air (v.) classes 播出課程
31. internet content providers 互聯網內容提供商

學校和政府官員正在盡最大努力讓孩子們在家裡學習，並且有事可做。義大利政府創建了一個專門的網頁，讓教師可以使用影片會議工具和現成的教案。蒙古的20多家電視台進行電視教學。伊朗政府與互聯網內容提供商（比如伊朗版Netflix）合作，免費提供所有兒童內容。

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Even physical education takes place: At least one school in Hong Kong requires students — in their gym uniforms — to follow along as an instructor demonstrates push-ups onscreen, with the students’ webcams on for proof.

32. physical education 體育(課)
33. follow along 跟著做

甚至還有體育課：在香港，至少有一所學校要求學生穿著運動服，跟著螢幕上老師的演示做俯卧撐，並且打開學生的網路攝像頭以提供證據。

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The offline reality of online learning, though, is challenging. There are technological hurdles, as well as the unavoidable distractions that pop up when children and teenagers are left to their own devices — literally.

34. technological hurdles 技術上的障礙
35. unavoidable distractions 不可避免的令人分神的事物
36. leave sb to their own devices 讓（某人）自行決定
37. literally 字面意思上的

然而，在線學習的線下實現情況很有挑戰性。有技術上的障礙，以及當兒童和青少年不受管束地自行使用設備時，也不可避免地會分心。

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The new classroom at home poses greater problems for younger students, and their older caregivers. Ruby Tan, a primary school teacher in Chongqing, a city in southwestern China that suspended schools last month, said many grandparents were helping with child care so that the parents can go to work. But the grandparents do not always know how to use the necessary technology.

38. pose greater problems 造成更大的麻煩
39. caregivers看護者，護理員

家庭教室給年幼的學生和照顧他們的長輩帶來了更大的麻煩。上個月，中國西南部城市重慶一所停課小學的老師露比·譚(Ruby Tan)說，很多家庭是祖父母幫忙照顧孩子，讓父母去上班。但祖父母並不總是知道如何使用必要的技術。

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Entire industries and businesses that rely on the rituals of students going to school and parents going to work are also being shaken. School administrators in Japan, caught off guard by the abrupt decision to close schools, have rushed to cancel orders for cafeteria lunches, stranding food suppliers with piles of unwanted groceries and temporarily unneeded employees.

40. rely on 依賴
41. be shaken 陷入恐慌
42. be caught off guard 使（某人）措手不及；趁（某人）不警惕時（做某事）
43. an abrupt decision 突然的決定
44. rush to 倉促去
45. strand 擱淺；處於困境

依靠學生上學、父母上班這個日常狀態的行業和企業也陷入恐慌。日本的學校行政人員對關閉學校的突然決定感到措手不及，他們急忙取消食堂午餐的訂單，使食品供應商面臨一大堆不需要的食品和暫時不需要的員工。

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To blunt the economic effects of the coronavirus, Japan’s government is offering financial help to parents, small businesses and health care providers. But school lunch officials said they had not heard about compensation for their workers.

46. blunt (v.) economic effects 削弱經濟影響
47. offer financial help 提供財政協助
48. small business owners 小型企業主
49. health care providers 健保提供者

為了抑制冠狀病毒的經濟影響，日本政府正在向家長、小型企業和醫療保健提供者提供財務支持。但是學校午餐官員說，他們還沒有聽說關於他們的工人的補償。

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完整報導: https://nyti.ms/2uZAowG

史丹佛大學改採線上授課: http://bit.ly/3cIaAGk

圖片來源: https://econ.st/2Iui1mO

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保健心智圖: https://goo.gl/seqt5k

保健相關單字: https://wp.me/p44l9b-Tt (+mp3)

時事英文大全: http://bit.ly/2WtAqop

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教育時評: http://bit.ly/39ABON9

[爸、媽，我上了傳說中的喀喇崑崙山！]
Up in the Karakorum

5月23日，我從喀什前往「新疆中的新疆」，塔什庫爾干塔吉克自治縣（簡稱塔縣）。講這個地名可能沒什麼人聽過，不過要是說我去的是傳說中的「喀喇崑崙山」，大家可能就會有點印象了，畢竟這是個台灣以前的地理課一定會提到的地名啊！這裡是中國、巴基斯坦、阿富汗、塔吉克交界處，山峰高度在5000到7000公尺間（但是公路最高只有到4000左右，不要緊張）。

（講到這裡先補充一下，喀喇崑崙山不是崑崙山喔！以為兩者一樣的請回去找以前的地理老師罰寫10遍先XD）

馬蜂窩是中國知名旅遊評論網站，如果去上面看看他們對於塔縣的評價，大多會用各種網紅慣用的華麗詞藻告訴你那裡的山有多壯觀，還有那裡的塔吉克人因為有歐洲血統，個個都是帥哥美女（這個講法其實不太正確，後面會說明）。老實說我決定要去的原因基本上類似，去看自然風景和族群文化，但我當然不是只看這些——正如我想要寫旅遊文的初衷，我想把旅途中真實的相遇，特別是那些旅遊書和部落客不會寫的事情寫下來；至於風景，大家自己去看照片就好啦。

那麼，我們開始吧！

Went to Tashkurgan county on May 23. It's one of the remotest counties in the country. Karakorum, a mountain range drawing the border of China, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Tajikistan, goes through the entire county. The peaks reach the height of 5000-7000 meters, although the highway led me there only goes up to 4000 meters.

This region is known for its alpine landscape and Tajik culture (which is related to Persian and relatively distant from the rest of China), and these are also my reasons of coming here. However, as always, I love to share things that you won't find on lonely planet or blogs. (As for the natural wonders, my pictures depict them much better than my words.) Therefore, here are what I was there:

1. 新疆目前是三步一小檢、五步一大檢的狀態，到處都是警察、到處都要安檢，在邊境更是密集，到什麼程度？喀什到塔縣300公里，我坐的大巴得停下來8次，平均每40公里一次；加油站全部設門禁，以鐵絲網和拒馬封鎖，如果要加油，乘客先全部下車，司機持身分證通過安檢後進入加油站，然後還要再刷一次身分證才能加油。

更耐人尋味的是安檢的原則：多數情況下，只有「民族人士」（指少數民族身分者）需要被安檢，漢人可以坐在車上慢慢等，不用出示證件也不用下車，而其他人則每次都必須帶著證件和邊境許可下車檢查，有時一去就20分鐘。

1. Security check is currently omnipresent in Xinjiang. Within the 300 km from Kashgar to Tashkurgan, my bus had to stop 8 times; in addition to that, all gas stations are guarded. Passengers are asked to get off, and the driver needs to be checked before entering the station. Another check is required when the driver picks up the gas pump.

More interestingly, not everyone needs to be checked every time. Most of the time, Han Chinese (which consists 90% of China's population) is waived, whereas people of minority groups are checked carefully. While the former sit and wait on the bus, the latter has to get off and be checked at security office.

2. 塔縣的確很美，但也的確是個窮鄉僻壤。那裡的海拔高、地勢起伏大加上植物很難生長，土地生產力非常薄弱，當地居民在面不大的高原上以放牧維生。我在這裡第一次見到了傳說中的犛牛，草原上也可以見到綿羊和駱駝。

除了這些少見的平地之外，沿路所見大致上都是險惡的溪谷，兩側盡是崩塌地，和台灣南投信義鄉的新中橫公路非常像，可以想見降雨量較大時泥流滾滾的樣貌。這些地方沒有什麼居民，但卻可以見到不少礦場、水利發電廠與砂石場，仔細一看，這些全部是來自其他省份的投資——在新疆這幾天發現，幾乎各種設施上面都會出現某某省投資或援助的字樣，整個行政區像是中國各省的捐款芳名錄。

2. Tashkurgan is very beautiful, but also very poor. Its uneven and alpine terrain make it unproductive. In its limited flatland, nomading has been their traditional way of living. I saw yaks, lambs and camels along the way.

In the valley, landslides and cliffs were seen throughout my ride there. It's essentially uninhabitable, but now has water power plants, mines and construction material firms. If you look closely, they are all investments from other Chinese provinces. Attribution to other provinces can be seen at many facilities in Xinjiang.

3. 塔縣的當地人的確和其他族群非常不同，不過他們並沒有所謂的歐洲血統，正確來說是：塔吉克人和今天的伊朗人有共同的祖先，是古代居住在中亞的波斯人被突厥入侵之後的遺留群體，因此他們的語言也和波斯語一樣，屬於印歐語族（Indo-European language family），和印地語、英語、西班牙語同是古印歐語演變而來，但語言和歐洲有關並不表示他們有歐洲血統。

至於他們的面貌究竟如何？是否都姑娘美如水少年壯如山（誤）？想知道的就自己去google吧，我沒有打算要用照片來回答這個問題。

3. Many Chinese tourists are interested Kashkurgan due to its Tajik culture, and consider the Tajiks are good looking than themselves. Some said it's because they are the only European ethnicity in China, but actually, they are not.

Before Turks entered central Asia, Persians dominate the region; after the Turkic invasion, the Persians moved westward, but some remained in central Asian mountains and made up today's Tajiks in Tajikistan and China. The Tajik language is therefore related to Persian, and to Hindi, English, Spanish, etc in the Indo-European language family, but that doesn't mean they are European.

As for their look, please google it. I chose not to take pictures of them.

4. 最後，這幾天來身邊鋪天蓋地的都是各種標語，而且是非常誇張的多（相較之下，以前台灣眷村那種根本就不算什麼）。有的死板、有的創新、有的隱晦、有的直白，我一直都盡量不帶成見、抱持著欣賞公共藝術的心情去讀這些標語；不過，當我看到以下這句話之後，真的覺得不把它引用上來不行了XDD

「各民族要像石榴籽一樣，緊緊抱在一起。」

4. Slogans are everywhere in Xinjiang, and they are usually about policies, Chinese communism, obedience to authorities, etc. I have been trying to read and comprehend them without personal opinion. However, as soon as I saw the following one, I couldn't help but quote it in this post:

"All ethnic groups should be like pomegranate seeds, embrace each other tightly as one."

5. 除了這些當然還看到、聽到了更多，不過為了我的人身安全著想，有些事還是等旅行結束再說吧XD

5. There are more stories I can share, but let's wait until I complete the journey ;)