[Chia sẻ]
‘PERSONAL STATEMENT’ 🤗
– LÁ THƯ TỰ GIỚI THIỆU CỦA BẠN TIN NHÁI
Tin Nhái nhà mình đang theo học năm hai, hệ thống IB (International Baccalaureate – Tú tài Quốc tế) tại Anh. Hệ thống này, theo mình biết được áp dụng khá phổ biến tại nhiều trường quốc tế, và học sinh tốt nghiệp phổ thông trung học theo hệ thống này sẽ được dựa trên kết quả học tập để đăng ký vào nhiều trường đại học trên thế giới chứ không chỉ tại Anh. Với quy định là mỗi học sinh sẽ được nhà trường cấp cho một kết quả học tập dự kiến với điểm số tổng của các môn các bạn chọn tùy theo ngành học (theo hệ thống IB, mỗi học sinh sẽ tự chọn 6 môn học, với hai mức: cơ bản và nâng cao). Tổng điểm dự kiến này được trường đưa ra dựa trên thực lực của mỗi bạn.
Sau đó, mỗi học sinh sẽ phải tự soạn một ‘Personal Statement’ – một dạng thư tự giới thiệu, để diễn đạt vì sao mình mong muốn vào trường đại học này. Một học sinh tại Anh thông thường được chọn năm trường đại học, tương tự kiểu ‘Nguyện vọng 1, Nguyện vọng 2… của bên mình). Sau khi các trường đại học ấy nhận được các Personal Statement này, trong vòng vài tuần tiếp theo, các trường hợp nào được các trường quan tâm, các trường sẽ gửi thư lại. Có trường hợp thì thông báo nhận luôn (dĩ nhiên là với điều kiện cuối năm kết quả thực tế phải đạt hòm hòm với kết quả dự kiến); có trường yêu cầu thực hiện phỏng vấn.
Với trường hợp cụ thể của Tin, trong năm trường đã gửi Personal Statement đi, Tin được thông báo nhận thẳng vào một trường. Trường thứ hai, sau khi qua phỏng vấn, cũng được thông báo là nhận luôn. Duy có trường hợp làm Tin căng thẳng nhất, là cụm đại học Oxford, trường hẹn lên lưu lại trường trong vòng ba ngày để dự hai cuộc phỏng vấn và thi đàn cho đầu vào hai trường đại học thành viên trong cụm trường này. (À, để mình giải thích thêm về khái niệm Đại học Oxford. Oxford không phải là một trường đại học duy nhất, mà là một quần thể, gồm 39 trường đại học thành viên (tính cho tới năm nay), quây quần cùng nhau trên địa bàn trung tâm thành phố Oxford, tạo nên một thương hiệu Oxford University nhiều năm qua đào tạo ra nhiều nguyên thủ quốc gia của nhiều nước trên thế giới đó. Các đại học thành viên được gọi là các College, chứ ở Anh, College không mang nghĩa là trường Cao đẳng như ở Mỹ).
Tin Nhái nhà mình không nằm trong nhóm học sinh xuất sắc nhất của trường. Tuy vậy, việc nhờ một Personal Statement mà được nhiều trường tiếp nhận một cách nhiệt tình như vậy, nhìn theo một cách nào đó, vẫn chứng minh rằng cái Personal Statement này tương đối hiệu quả. Mình nằn nì mãi, cậu chàng mới chuyển cái Personal Statement của cậu sang cho mình xem. Mà còn mắc cỡ, nói con gửi đi hết rồi con mới gửi mẹ coi, coi như tham khảo thôi đó, chứ không phải xin ý kiến hay nhờ mẹ ‘chỉ điểm’ gì đâu, nha… 🙂
….
… Choy oy, ta nói, mình coi xong…, rụng nước mắt hết mấy chỗ, haha. Hèn chi mà ảnh hỏng ‘lụm tim’ mấy thành viên ban tuyển chọn hà!
Sáng nay Tin báo, con cũng đã qua xong nốt hai cuộc phỏng vấn tại đây rồi. Mình nói, những gì tốt đẹp nhất con đã cố gắng hết sức, và đã thể hiện được. Còn lại, mình để tùy duyên đi con.
Mình đợi con xong phần phỏng vấn rồi mới nói với Tin, cho phép mẹ chia sẻ với bạn đọc trang mẹ, về những kinh nghiệm của con khi viết Personal Statement để có được ấn tượng tốt đẹp nơi các trường, nha. Và mẹ sẽ muốn chia sẻ ngay giai đoạn này, khi hai cuộc phỏng vấn vào Oxford còn chưa có kết quả, để ý nghĩa của sự chia sẻ này nằm đúng vào tính hiệu quả của Personal Statement mà thôi. Sẽ có không ít các bạn cũng đang học IB hoặc tương tự muốn tham khảo dạng thông tin này, các bạn sẽ đỡ lúng túng hơn. Tin đồng ý.
Theo đó, Tin nói, Việt Nam mình tuy giáo trình dạy Văn nhiều chỗ cũng còn bất cập, tuy vậy, tinh thần chung: thể hiện được cảm xúc của mình vào các bài viết - là một điều con cho rằng rất hay nha mẹ. Các bạn con từ các nước tiên tiến hơn mình tới, các bạn viết Personal Statement đều rất tốt, rất chuẩn, nhưng nhiều bạn viết đọc ra trong đó thấy hơi khô khan, không ‘nhìn’ ra được đam mê của các bạn, cũng ít nhìn ra được ‘nét riêng’. Vậy, mình đoán, chính cái ‘nét riêng’ này sẽ thu hút sự chú ý của những nhà tuyển chọn, vốn phải đọc hàng trăm thư tự giới thiệu gửi về.
Tiếp theo, cần phải xác định: cảm xúc chỉ là chất dẫn, còn trong phần nội dung chính, ta vẫn phải có sự phân tích đủ sâu vấn đề mà mình quan tâm, được thể hiện theo quan điểm riêng của mình, dưới góc nhìn riêng của bản thân.
Cái kết cũng là phần không kém quan trọng, khi chốt lại vấn đề, mà vẫn thổi vào đó một chút cảm xúc. Ở đây, Tin cũng đã dùng một loại thủ pháp mẹ Tin cũng rất thích dùng… Đó là câu kết lặp lại chính cái ý mình dùng để mở đầu bài. Như vậy sẽ tạo được một dạng ‘điểm nhấn’ nhẹ nhàng, xóa mờ đi cảm giác ‘quá học thuật’ mà phần nội dung đã bắt buộc phải chuyển tải.
Để mọi người dễ tham khảo, mình xin trích đăng nguyên văn phần Personal Statement của Tin dưới đây bằng tiếng Anh nhé. Mình chuyển ngữ phần đầu và hai phần cuối, được gắn luôn vào dưới mỗi đoạn gốc. Riêng đoạn giữa quá tập trung vào chuyên môn phân tích âm nhạc cổ điển, xin phép không cần dịch phần này.
Hy vọng rằng Personal Statement này cung cấp được vài khái niệm về ‘nét riêng’ trong thể hiện, để giúp thêm cho nhiều bạn trẻ khác, trong bước đường tiếp tục con đường học tập của mình, nhé!
(12.12.2019 – QH)
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[Personal Statement – Toai Nguyen]
[Thư tự giới thiệu vào trường đại học - Ứng viên Toai Nguyen]
At the age of 4, I vaguely remember the first time touching an enormous object that my mum called a Pi-a-no. Since then, music has become inextricably linked to my life. In the first week staying in the UK, without access to my school's piano, homesickness would have been extremely difficult to manage. Hence, the first reason why I am particularly interested in this course: Music helps me to release all of the psychological pressures and apprehensions that I have got.
(Năm lên bốn tuổi, tôi mơ hồ nhớ cảm giác được chạm tay lần đầu tiên vào một vật thể to đùng mà mẹ tôi gọi là “đàn Pi-a-no”. Kể từ ngày ấy, âm nhạc đã gắn liền với tôi như hai người bạn tri kỷ. Trong tuần lễ đầu tiên xa nhà đi học tại nước Anh, nếu không có cây piano tại trường, có lẽ nỗi nhớ nhà đã trở nên khó mà chịu nổi. Và đó cũng chính là lý do đầu tiên vì sao tôi đặc biệt quan tâm tới chuyên ngành này: Âm nhạc giúp tôi giải tỏa toàn bộ những căng thẳng và lo lắng tích tụ trong tôi).
In times of pressure, I found Chopin's Waltz op. 64 no.2 my perpetual favourite. Generally, I am interested in the piece's tempo indication: tempo giusto, which is fully contradicting; although the musicians may choose the tempo they prefer, following it strictly is a must. I wish to move towards strong analytical understandings of the piece (e.g. comparing features of the chromatic phrases on bar 13-16 and 45-48 respectively). Firstly, the second ascending chromatic phrase is faster than the first descending one, marked pìu mosso. Secondly, although both phrases diminuendo, their roles are quite distinct; the one on the first phrase combined with the cadential chords G#m6/4-D#7 emphasise the return of tempo I surprisingly when G#7 appears on bar 16 as a dominant of D#7, whereas the similar indication on the second one tends to push the piece, poco un poco rit, towards a peaceful ending, instead of preparing for another surprising event. Most importantly, the structures of these two phrases are relatively different; although the first one is properly chromatic, Chopin decided to duplicate all the notes (G#-G#-Fx-Fx-F#-F#...) in order to fulfill his progress of prolongation, whilst the second one is a non-continuous long phrase, where 2 shorter phrases (F#-G-G#-A and D#-E-E#-F#-Fx-G# respectively) are separately involved to resolve the piece at the high C#.
(Trong những lúc căng thẳng, bản Waltz op. 64 no.2 của nhà soạn nhạc Chopin là chọn lựa hàng đầu của tôi để nghe, để chơi, để giải tỏa).
(Tiếp theo là phần phân tích chuyên môn về tiết tấu, hòa âm, cấu trúc tác phẩm…)
I also love reading history and geography, and I sincerely believe that contextual knowledge (e.g. Polish Romanticism in Post-Duchy of Warsaw) and knowledge of the composer will facilitate my musical understanding. I have been asking some questions in terms of musical history, even though I do not formally study it at school. One of them, as someone raised in the non-Western world, was "Why are the most common musical indications in Italian, although German-speaking composers, such as W.A.Mozart and the 3Bs, are arguably more canonical?" In this case historical reading lead to the answer; the general influence of the Catholic church in the late Medieval and Renaissance periods is the starting point: For instance, thanks to Guido d'Arezzo, a Benedictine monk, the modern-day stave was created; early religious compositions like cantata, toccata and oratorio indubitably originated in Italy and spread throughout the West. The works of many important Italian instrumental makers in the Renaissance and Baroque periods acquired widespread fame, to say nothing of the material aspects such as the widespread adoption of Cristofori’s Fortepiano in the mid-18th century and the enduring reputation for quality of Italian instruments (such as the string instruments of Stradivari and Del Gesù). Hence, for a variety of reasons Italian musical culture came to be regarded as the standard, and Italian terminology was adopted widely. This is an elementary example of the questions about the relationships between the historical and cultural aspects of music, another reason why I chose to apply to the university's music degree.
(Tôi cũng thích đọc những tài liệu về lịch sử, địa lý và tin rằng những kiến thức về bối cảnh xã hội cũng như vị trí địa lý của một nền âm nhạc (chẳng hạn như “Âm nhạc Lãng mạn ở Ba Lan ở thời kỳ Hậu Công quốc Warszawa), thêm vào đó là sự hiểu biết về những nhà soạn nhạc nổi tiếng trên thế giới sẽ giúp việc học bộ môn Âm nhạc của tôi trở nên dễ dàng hơn rất nhiều. Mặc dù không được học bộ môn này một cách chính thức ở môi trường trung học, tôi đã từng đặt ra nhiều câu hỏi về lịch sử phát triển của Âm nhạc như một sở thích của bản thân; và một trong số đó, “Vì sao hầu hết những thuật ngữ Âm nhạc cổ điển được sử dụng rộng rãi nhất là tiếng Ý, trong khi những nhà soạn nhạc nói tiếng Đức (Ví dụ như Mozart và bộ 3B) thường được biết đến rộng rãi hơn?” Trong trường hợp này, tôi tin rằng việc đọc những tài liệu lịch sử và địa lý sẽ giúp tôi đưa ra câu trả lời chính xác nhất. Thứ nhất, chúng ta không thể phủ nhận rằng tầm ảnh hưởng của Giáo hội Công giáo La Mã trên toàn cõi châu Âu trong thời kỳ Trung đại và Hậu kỳ Trung đại (Phục hưng) chính là yếu tố hàng đầu: Nhờ Guido D’arezzo, một giáo sĩ dòng Biển Đức sống vào thế kỷ 11, khuông nhạc (hiện đại) đã ra đời và dĩ nhiên trở thành một phần không thể thiếu trong môn Âm nhạc; một số tác phẩm mang tính chất thế tục tôn giáo như oratario, cantata và toccata bắt nguồn từ đất nước hình chiếc ủng (tức Italia) và được phổ biến rộng rãi ở phương Tây. Thứ hai, yếu tố làm nên sự khác biệt của Italia với các quốc gia khác đến từ những người sáng chế nhạc cụ: Xuyên suốt thời kỳ Phục hưng và Baroque, chúng ta không thể không kể đến sự phổ biến của cây đàn fortepiano được sáng tạo đầu tiên bởi Bartholomeo Cristorri di Francesco ở Italia vào thế kỷ XVIII, và đồng thời là sự trường tồn theo thời gian của những kiệt tác nhạc cụ bộ dây kinh điển được tạo ra bởi những nghệ nhân Stradivari và del Gesù. Nhìn chung, vì rất nhiều lý do mà Âm nhạc hàn lâm Italia được xem như là chuẩn mực của Âm nhạc Cổ điển (Đặc biệt là thời kỳ đầu), nên các thuật ngữ Âm nhạc cũng trở nên phổ biến theo. Đây là một ví dụ đơn giản của những câu hỏi về sự tương quan giữa các khía cạnh lịch sử và văn hóa của Âm nhạc, thêm một lý do nữa khiến tôi muốn chọn ngành học này.
I have had to carefully manage my time to study outside school and practise adequately, because the subject is not available in my school. Before arriving in the UK, I was managing the Secondary school's Music club; since being here, I have had the opportunity to perform several times a year including a graduation ceremony at Oxford Town Hall, as well as playing in the Community's programmes back in my home country during the Summer holidays. Wherever I go, the enormous object that I vaguely remember my mum called a "Pi-a-no" at the age of 4 will never be separated from me.
(Tôi đã phải xoay sở thời gian khá vất vả để vẫn theo học Âm nhạc bên ngoài cũng như luyện tập Âm nhạc được đường hoàng, bên cạnh đảm bảo học tốt các môn chính thống tại trường (vì môn Âm nhạc không có trong danh mục các môn học thuộc hệ thống IB ở trường tôi). Trước khi đến Anh, tôi từng có thời gian làm quản lý Câu lạc bộ Âm nhạc ở trường cấp 2; và tôi đã có cơ hội biểu diễn nhiều hơn khi đặt chân đến Vương quốc Anh – chẳng hạn như tại Lễ tốt nghiệp của khóa các anh chị năm trước vào năm ngoái, và tôi cũng biểu diễn trong một số chương trình tại quê nhà Việt Nam của tôi trong những ngày nghỉ hè. Dù ở nơi nào đi chăng nữa, cái vật thể to đùng mẹ tôi từng gọi là “đàn Pi-a-no” trong trí nhớ mơ hồ của tôi ở cái tuổi lên bốn năm nào sẽ không bao giờ tách rời khỏi cuộc đời tôi).
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😊 Đi kiếm hình gắn vô bài viết này, ra mấy tấm hình cũ thấy thương quá... Hình đầu là những ngày đầu tiên ảnh mô tả "mơ hồ nhớ vật thể to đùng mà mẹ tôi gọi là 'Đàn Pi-a-no'" đó. Hình tiếp theo là đúng cái năm ảnh bắt đầu học nhạc, năm 4 tuổi. Hình 3... khỏi giải thích rồi. Bây giờ của ảnh và mẹ, toàn chụp màn hình lúc mẹ một đầu con một đầu thế giới không hà... 😊
同時也有5部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過12萬的網紅prasertcbs,也在其Youtube影片中提到,=== ดาวน์โหลดไฟล์ตัวอย่างได้ที่ https://goo.gl/oTiwzy ============ playlist สอนภาษาไพธอน Python เบื้องต้น https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DI7eca5Kzdc...
「instance object」的推薦目錄:
instance object 在 DeepBelief.ai 深度學習 Facebook 的最讚貼文
Are you really into object recognition, but you are sick of looking at 2D boxes and 2D masks? Let's play with 3D shapes!
We build on Mask R-CNN and extend it to infer 3D meshes. Given an input image, we detect all objects, infer their 2D instance boxes and masks as well as their 3D object shapes, all end-to-end! Naturally, we call our approach Mesh R-CNN :D
Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.02739
Joint work with Jitendra Malik and Justin Johnson
P.S. This task is really hard!
instance object 在 Sam Tsang 曾思瀚 Facebook 的最佳貼文
Ideologies just got mixed into doctrinal basis ...
For my friends who are interested in the Evangelical Theological Society, please take a look at this important message from past president Stan Gundry, who, like me, is vitally interested in the continuing health of the Society. He has given me permission to copy it here.
WHENCE AND WHITHER ETS?
An Open Letter to the Members of ETS
Stanley N. Gundry
President of the Evangelical Theological Society, 1978
The following resolutions were adopted in the last business session of the 2015 national meeting of the Evangelical Theological Society:
(1) We affirm that all persons are created in the image and likeness of God and thus possess inherent dignity and worth.
(2) We affirm that marriage is the covenantal union of one man and one woman, for life.
(3) We affirm that Scripture teaches that sexual intimacy is reserved for marriage as defined above. This excludes all other forms of sexual intimacy.
(4) We affirm that God created men and women, imbued with the distinct traits of manhood and womanhood, and that each is an unchangeable gift of God that constitutes personal identity.
In the immediate aftermath of this business session, many ETS members were deeply troubled that any ETS members would vote against these resolutions. The post-ETS blogs of a few ETS members and the comments of their followers expressed dismay that anyone who claims to be evangelical and subscribes to the Doctrinal Basis of the Society would cast a negative vote.
But there was also a significant minority that opposed and voted against these resolutions. These members were troubled that such resolutions would be introduced, that they were not ruled out of order or at least tabled, and that they were passed by a significant majority of those present and voting. I was among the minority that voted “Nay.”
Why? It is a question that deserves to be answered because I am convinced that the future of ETS depends on our repudiation of what happened in that session and that ETS members must realize that resolutions of this nature are not consistent with the nature of the Society. In fact, the issue at stake is whether or not ETS will remain committed to the original purpose for which ETS was formed. I have not taken even an informal poll of others who voted against the resolutions, but I have discussed the matter with enough members to give me confidence that many members agree that the future of ETS is at stake.
My history within ETS uniquely qualifies me to address the concerns these resolutions raise. I have been immersed in the culture and affairs of ETS since my student days in the 1950s and 1960s. I knew on a first-name basis many of the first-generation ETS members. I was taught by some of them. I have been a full member of the Society since about 1968. I have attended most national meetings since 1970, and in the 1970s I was an active participant in the Midwestern section of ETS, serving also as president of that section and on its leadership committee. Then in 1978 I served as the national president of ETS and planned the program for the 30th Annual Meeting of ETS in collaboration with Dr. Kenneth Kantzer, followed by serving the allotted time on the ETS Executive Committee. Relevant to the concerns at hand, my first-hand knowledge of the workings of ETS and its Constitution, most especially the Purpose and Doctrinal Basis of the Society as stated in the Constitution, and my acquaintance with many of the founders and first-generation members of ETS give me insight into their intentions in forming the Society.
So why did I vote against the resolutions? Because the resolutions went beyond the Doctrinal Basis of the Society and were inconsistent with the clearly stated Purpose of ETS. But I run ahead of myself and it is a bit more complicated than that. So let me start at the beginning, the resolutions themselves.
First, it is unfortunate that the resolutions were presented at the last business meeting and then discussed and voted on as a group. My understanding is that those responsible for the agenda did not anticipate that the resolutions would be controversial and so they were scheduled to be considered in the last business session. This was not inconsistent as such with the ETS Constitution or Bylaws, but in a case like this, members should have had advance warning of the nature of the resolutions and ample opportunity to discuss them among themselves and on the floor of the business meeting. Further, many members had already left the conference or were absent for other reasons. Thus, members could not deliberately consider in advance whether or not voting on such resolutions was even consistent with the Purpose of ETS; and, given the time constraints of the program, there was not sufficient time to debate the merits of the individual resolutions and to vote up or down on each one.
The resolutions were so poorly stated that they needed such careful consideration. For instance, the second resolution ignored the question of biblical grounds for divorce and remarriage. And given the diversity of views on divorce and remarriage within ETS, is this really a question on which ETS should be taking a position even in the form of a resolution? What about the third resolution? Viewed superficially, who could possibly object to that resolution? But looked at more closely, “sexual intimacy” and “all other forms of sexual intimacy” are squishy descriptors. Are they intended to refer to physical sexual intimacy, and if so, are holding hands, kissing, or hugging forbidden? My fundamentalist and separatist father would have thought so, but what about the membership of ETS? Would we have a consensus on that question?
And what about the fourth resolution affirming “distinct traits of manhood and womanhood”? While I suspect all members of ETS (even those of us who self-identify as biblical egalitarians) believe that men and women in many respects are complementary to one another, many of us also believe that the terms “manhood” and “womanhood” are reifications of socially and culturally conditioned patterns of behavior more than they are descriptors of biblically supported male and female characteristics. Rather than being biblically supported, the terms tend to refer to stereotypical lists of alleged gender characteristics to which men and women are expected to conform. Even self-avowed complementarians have no consensus on what constitutes “manhood and womanhood,” so why would a scholarly society like ETS that includes both complementarians and egalitarians even take such a resolution seriously?
So I return to the opening statement of this first point—scheduling the resolutions for consideration as a group at the second business meeting without prior notice meant there was not adequate time to consider and debate the merits and wording of the resolutions and it made it impossible to carefully consider whether or not voting on such resolutions was even consistent with the Purpose of ETS.
Second, this broader issue needs to be considered by the Society. Is it even appropriate for resolutions to be introduced, debated, and voted on that go beyond the Doctrinal Basis and officially stated Purpose of the Society? I believe the answer is a clear and unequivocal “No!” Members tend to forget that ETS was never intended to have a doctrinal statement to which members had to subscribe. We have a “Doctrinal Basis,” one that originally had one affirmation: The Bible alone, and the Bible in its entirety, is the Word of God written and is therefore inerrant in the autographs. Years later, the Trinitarian statement was added to the Doctrinal Basis out of concern that anti-Trinitarians such as Jehovah’s Witnesses might successfully claim membership in ETS. But even with that addition, it remains a Doctrinal Basis, not a doctrinal statement. Some members seem not to understand and/or remember the significance of the fact that we function as a scholarly society with a Doctrinal Basis. But even many who remember that we have a Doctrinal Basis all too easily and sloppily refer to it using the phrases “doctrinal basis” and “doctrinal statement” interchangeably, suggesting they do not really understand (or perhaps accept) the significance of the distinction. But this distinction is at the very heart and Purpose of ETS. A bit of historical context will be useful here.
When ETS was formed in 1949, evangelical biblical and theological scholarship was just beginning to emerge from its decline in the dark days of the modernist-fundamentalist debate and the loss of so many mainline denominations and associated colleges, seminaries, and missionary agencies to the takeover of these institutions by theological liberals. For at least fifteen or twenty years, fundamentalists and evangelicals at the local church and grassroots level had a profound suspicion of serious biblical and theological scholarship. But in the mid and late 1940s, this began to change as scholars who were willing to self-identify as fundamentalists (in the classic meaning of that term) and/or evangelical began to find each other, come together, and realize that in spite of all that divided them, they held one thing in common—the Bible and the Bible alone in its entirety is God’s Word written, it speaks truthfully on whatever it intends to say and teach, and hence it is the only rule for Christian faith and practice. Eventually in 1949 many of the fundamentalist and evangelical scholars who shared this conviction agreed there was a need for a scholarly society where members shared the same basis on which conservative scholarship and research should be discussed and debated. On that Doctrinal Basis, they formed the Evangelical Theological Society.
It is easy to forget, or perhaps many ETS members do not know, how deep and sometimes rancorous the divisions were that otherwise separated these same scholars. These divisions ranged from matters of church polity to biblical hermeneutics to the various loci of systematic theology. In fact, dispensational and amillennial theologians were accustomed to trading charges that the hermeneutical methods and theological systems of the other undermined the authority of Scripture. Scholars who practiced secondary separation risked their reputations if they joined with other evangelical scholars who practiced only primary separation or who were inclusivists. At least four of the ETS presidents in the first twenty years of the society would have been sympathetic to what is now known as biblical egalitarianism, a matter over which ETS members today have profound disagreements. Yet these scholars came together in ETS as did Pentecostals and cessationists, believer-immersionists and paedo-sprinklers, Arminians and Wesleyans and Reformed and Lutheran, as well as those who held to congregational, or presbyterial, or episcopal church polity.
A quick scan of the listing of ETS presidents over the past sixty-seven years and the institutions they represented makes the same point. Schools represented range from Wycliffe College, to Dallas Theological Seminary, to Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, to Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, to Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary, to Moody Bible Institute. The theological spectrum represented by ETS presidents is also quite remarkable. As I look at the list I can identify at least twelve presidents associated with one of five or six varieties of Presbyterian and Reformed communions, thirteen who were dispensationalists, five who were covenant premillennialists, one Pentecostal, three Wesleyans, and twelve sympathetic with biblical egalitarianism.
Throughout its history, ETS has been a demonstration of the Purpose for which ETS was formed: The Purpose of the Society shall be to foster conservative biblical scholarship by providing a medium for the oral exchange and written expression of thought and research in the general field of the theological disciplines as centered in the Scriptures.
So I return to the opening question and statement of my second point—“Is it even appropriate for resolutions to be introduced, debated, and voted on that go beyond the Doctrinal Basis and officially stated Purpose of the Society?” I believe the answer is a clear and unequivocal “No!” Why? Because such resolutions are inconsistent with the Purpose of ETS and the reason why we have a Doctrinal Basis and not a doctrinal statement.
Third, the introduction and passage of the four-fold resolution package and the internet conversations following the 67th Annual Meeting are symptomatic of the desire of some ETS members to move the Society in the direction of precise, doctrinal, and interpretive clarity and definition, ideally in the form of a doctrinal statement and other “position statements.” I am trained not only as a theologian but as a church historian; consequently I am inclined to be skeptical of conspiracy theories unless there is compelling evidence. Nevertheless, based on the evidence, some of us are now wondering if there is a conspiracy within ETS to:
1) ease out biblical egalitarians,
2) exclude women from the leadership of ETS,
3) let qualified women scholars know they are not part of “the old boys network,”
4) shut down discussion of contentious ethical and theological issues,
5) marginalize those who do not come out on the “right side” of those issues,
6) “pack” the nominating committee so as to get their compatriots in the positions of leadership,
7) question the evangelical and inerrantist bona fides of those who ask hard questions and come up with answers that most of us are not persuaded by, and
8) propose and pass a poorly framed set of four resolutions that makes the Society sound more like the Family Research Council or the Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood than the intentionally diverse “medium for the oral and written expressions of thought and research in the general field of the theological disciplines as centered in the Scriptures” as stated in the ETS Purpose statement.
Lest I be misunderstood, I do believe that theological boundaries are important within the church and its institutions, and as an evangelical Protestant, I believe it is appropriate for churches and parachurch organizations to draw those boundary lines, based on their understanding of Scripture. But ETS is not a church and it was formed to serve a clearly defined purpose. It is significant that it takes an 80% majority vote to amend only three things in the ETS constitution—the Doctrinal Basis, the Society’s Purpose, and the requirement for an 80% majority to amend the first two items. The founders of our Society could hardly have made it clearer that they regarded the Purpose and Doctrinal Basis of ETS to be essential to the organization they were creating.
Why is it important to guard the integrity of the original Purpose and Basis of ETS? I will answer with another question. What better forum is there for collegial discussion and debate of complementarianism and egalitarianism, open theism and classical theism and all points in between, eschatology, the “new perspective” on Paul, and yes, even the question of whether same-sex “marriages” can be defended biblically, than a forum where we have agreed to appeal to the sole source of authority for Christian faith and practice, the Bible, God’s Word written?
Copyright © 2016 by Stanley N. Gundry. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
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เราสร้าง abstract class เพื่อให้คลาสอื่นสืบทอด โดยใน abstract class จะต้องมี abstract method อย่างน้อยหนึ่งตัว เพื่อให้คลาสลูกทำการ implement วิธีการทำงานของ abstract method ที่กำหนดในคลาสแม่
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