翻譯原則珠璣語錄
(易讀版連結見留言)
I am somewhat of a ‘literalist’, because I am for truth and accuracy. (我算是個「直譯派」,因爲我求真、求準。)
——Peter Newmark, ‘A Textbook of Translation’, 1988
Translation ‘should be as faithful as possible, and as free as necessary.’ (翻譯應盡可能忠於原文,必要時自由釋意。)
——P. Cauer, ‘Art of Translation’ (‘Die Kunst des Übersetzens’), 1914. 德文原文 ‘So treu wie möglich, so frei als nöthig.’
What is first and most needful is that the translation should be correct, that the thoughts should be rendered by their correspondents, not falsified or mutilated or amplified by extraneous matter. ( 第一要務:翻譯應當正確,原作的思想應當以對應的思想呈現,而非用外來的東西加以篡改、肢解或擴大。)
——J. P. Postgate quoting (perhaps translating too) Friedrich Blass on ‘Die Überselzungen’, Hermeneutik und Kritik, volume I of Iwan Mueller’s ‘Handbuch der klassischen Altertums-Wissenschaft’
當我們說翻譯要「信達恰」時,便是要譯文「先忠於原文,再本身通順,最後還恰到好處」。當我們為一篇譯文打分數時,標準或許可以訂為:60%的信,30%的達,和10%的恰。能滿分的應該沒有,能有50分的信加上20分的達,便是及格而且中上了。
——董崇選,《中英翻譯:從理論到實踐》
By general consent, though not by universal practice, the prime merit of a translation proper is Faithfulness, and he is the best translator whose work is nearest to his original.
——J. P. Postgage, ‘Translation and Translations : Theory and Practice’, 1922
[I]n communicative as in semantic translation, provided that equivalent-effect is secured, the literal [1] translation is not only the best, it is the only valid method of translation. There is no excuse for unnecessary ‘synonyms’, let alone paraphrases, in any type of translation.
——Peter Newmark, ‘Approaches to translation’, 1981
註[1]:此處,Newmark 原文寫 the literal word-for-word translation,我去掉了 word-for-word,因爲我更同意 Wilss 大篇幅論述的一點:literal(字面)不等同 word-for-word(逐字)。見下一個引述。
In contrast to word-for-word translation, literal translation, which is set up bidirectional (not unidirectionally, as is the case with non-literal translation) , is a translation procedure which, under certain circumstances, is totally acceptable stylistically.
——Wolfram Wilss, ‘The Science of Translation: Problems and Methods’, 1981
從翻譯文學史上看,人們對意譯和直譯及其相互關係的認識是逐漸深化的。晚清時代梁啟超所說的“譯意不譯詞”中的“譯意”其意思就是“意譯”。但那時人們還分不清楚“意譯”與“竄譯”的區別。他們所說的“譯意” 或“意譯”就是指對原作隨意加以增刪改動的竄譯,正如把“直譯”也理解為逐字對譯一樣。實際上,翻譯界一直有許多人對“意譯”和“直譯”做了這種理解。有人認為翻譯的基本方法只有兩種,那就是“直譯”與“意譯”。這樣一來,就自然地把“竄譯”包含在了“意譯”中,同時也把逐字硬譯包含在“直譯”中了。這樣做對科學地區分翻譯方法是不利的。應該說,竄譯”是“意譯”的極端,而逐字硬譯是“直譯”的極端;但“竄譯”是以不尊重原作為前提的,不尊重原作首先就是既不尊重原作的“形”與“詞”,也不會尊重原作的“意”,其結果就不可能準確地譯出原作的“意”,因此不能稱之為“意譯”。
——王向遠,《翻譯文學導論》,2004
我們現在其實還沒很超過Postgate五十多年前論翻譯時候所注重的話。 他說:大家都承認,雖然大家不都實行,一個翻譯的基本優點就在乎一個信,誰翻譯的跟原文最近就是誰翻譯的最好。可是遠近旣然還是程度的問題,這話不是又說回頭了嗎?有一個有用的試驗法就是把譯文譯回頭,看是不是另有一個更恰切的原文可以對這譯文。如果有的話,那就是起頭兒翻譯的不夠信。
——趙元任,〈論翻譯中信、達、雅的信的幅度〉
Translation is in essence a compromise, and its course a zigzag. Its deviations from the straight the Translator with singleness of purpose will reduce to a minimum, while the free ‘Verter’ with one eye on the reader and the other more than half on himself will be tempted to extend them till they correspond to the large vistas of Beauty and Truth that these obliquities of vision can command. Such a one may ‘vert’ as much and as freely as he pleases; but if he seeks the humble title of a ‘translator’ he must change his methods or renounce his claim.
——J. P. Postgage, Translation and Translations : Theory and Practice, 1922
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以前在中大讀書的日子,偶爾在聯合書院會碰到高錕教授與師母在散步。小小書生,遇到德高望重的諾貝爾獎得主,自是很興奮。我怕打擾教授,所以都沒有跟他拍照,只是打打招呼,不過同學和他拍照,他也會很高興。有時,我們對他微笑,他也會熱情地笑,如同小孩天真爛漫的笑容。也許人成長了,就很難再有如此單純的笑容。那時年少,總想,腦退化症,誠然是傷痛的事,也令教授無法享受得獎的快樂,但最起碼,他換回了另一種快樂,也是一點安慰。
我認識高錕教授不多,但我無法忘記他的笑容。感謝你的貢獻,願你帶著這笑容到更美的地方。
【敬悼中大前校長及光纖之父高錕教授】
中大第三任校長、工程學榮譽講座教授及榮譽博士及諾貝爾物理學獎得主高錕教授大紫荊勳賢於9月23日離世,享年84歲。中大對高教授離世深感哀痛,並向高教授的家人致以深切慰問。
高教授於1966年首度提出光導纖維在通訊上應用的基本原理,促成互聯網的出現。高教授於1970年出任中大新成立的電子學系(現稱電子工程學系)教授兼系主任,並為中大首位電子學講座教授;1985年獲頒授榮譽理學博士銜,1987年至1996年出任中大校長。高教授榮休後,一直擔任中大工程學榮譽講座教授。
中大校長段崇智教授表示:「高教授是出類拔萃的學者,也是高等教育界高瞻遠矚的領袖,他作為中大第三任校長,在任內積極推動中大整體發展,建立穩固基礎,為有才之士開拓發展空間,成就超卓。高教授於科研方面亦力求創新,矢志追求卓越,其於光纖方面的研究,促成互聯網發展,為人類通訊史寫下全新一頁。高教授的離世對中大及全球學術界均是重大損失。大學同人將銘記高教授對中大及全球的重大貢獻,我謹代表中大教職員、同學及校友向高教授的家人致以深切慰問。」詳情:bit.ly/2pt1Igm
中大將由明日起(24日)於校內設置弔唁區,供各界人士悼念高教授:
日期:由2018年9月24日至2018年10月24日
時間:
星期一至五 上午9時至晚上8時
星期六 上午9時至下午6時
星期日 下午1時至下午6時
地點:沙田香港中文大學本部大學展覽廳(位於大學圖書館正門出入口處)
交通:港鐵大學站A出口外設有穿梭校巴往返中央階梯
【In Memory of Professor Sir Charles K. Kao, former Vice-Chancellor of CUHK and Father of Fibre Optics】
Professor Sir Charles K. Kao, the third Vice-Chancellor, Honorary Professor of Engineering, and Doctor of Science, honoris causa, of The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), laureate of the Nobel Prize in Physics and Great Bauhinia Medallist passed away on 23 September 2018, at the age of 84. CUHK is profoundly saddened and conveys its deepest condolences to his family.
Professor Kao developed the principles of fibre optics in 1966, eventually ushering in the age of the internet. Professor Kao joined CUHK in 1970 as Reader and Chair of the then new Department of Electronics (later renamed to Department of Electronic Engineering), and appointed as the first Professor of Electronics. He was conferred the degree of Doctor of Science, honoris causa, by CUHK in 1985. He was Vice-Chancellor of CUHK from 1987-1996. Upon his retirement, Professor Kao was appointed Honorary Professor of Engineering.
Professor Rocky S. Tuan, Vice-Chancellor and President of CUHK, said, “Professor Kao was a brilliant scholar and visionary leader in higher education. As the third Vice-Chancellor, he spearheaded the advancement of CUHK in its formative years, laying down a fertile ground for the growth of talents, and made remarkable achievements during his tenure. His impeccable striving for excellence in science and technology led to his groundbreaking accomplishments in the area of fibre optics, which brought forth the development of the internet and opened a new page in the history of telecommunications. Professor Kao’s passing is a great loss to CUHK, Hong Kong, and global academia. All of us at CUHK will remember his immense contributions to the University and to the world. I sincerely offer our deepest condolences to Professor Kao’s family on behalf of the teachers, students and alumni of CUHK.” Details: bit.ly/2xJFUB1
A place for condolence will be set up in the campus for the public to sign in and record their messages of condolences to pay their last respects to Prof. Kao:
Date: From 24 September 2018 to 24 October 2018
Time:
Mondays to Fridays 9:00 am – 8:00 pm
Saturdays 9:00 am – 6:00 pm
Sundays: 1:00 pm – 6:00 pm
Venue: University Gallery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (located at the main entrance of the University Library)
Transportation: A shuttle bus running between MTR University Station (outside Exit A) and the Central Steps
i am science reader 在 李臻 Oscar Lee Facebook 的最讚貼文
一代大儒,RIP... 🙏
【敬悼中大前校長及光纖之父高錕教授】
中大第三任校長、工程學榮譽講座教授及榮譽博士及諾貝爾物理學獎得主高錕教授大紫荊勳賢於9月23日離世,享年84歲。中大對高教授離世深感哀痛,並向高教授的家人致以深切慰問。
高教授於1966年首度提出光導纖維在通訊上應用的基本原理,促成互聯網的出現。高教授於1970年出任中大新成立的電子學系(現稱電子工程學系)教授兼系主任,並為中大首位電子學講座教授;1985年獲頒授榮譽理學博士銜,1987年至1996年出任中大校長。高教授榮休後,一直擔任中大工程學榮譽講座教授。
中大校長段崇智教授表示:「高教授是出類拔萃的學者,也是高等教育界高瞻遠矚的領袖,他作為中大第三任校長,在任內積極推動中大整體發展,建立穩固基礎,為有才之士開拓發展空間,成就超卓。高教授於科研方面亦力求創新,矢志追求卓越,其於光纖方面的研究,促成互聯網發展,為人類通訊史寫下全新一頁。高教授的離世對中大及全球學術界均是重大損失。大學同人將銘記高教授對中大及全球的重大貢獻,我謹代表中大教職員、同學及校友向高教授的家人致以深切慰問。」詳情:bit.ly/2pt1Igm
中大將由明日起(24日)於校內設置弔唁區,供各界人士悼念高教授:
日期:由2018年9月24日至2018年10月24日
時間:
星期一至五 上午9時至晚上8時
星期六 上午9時至下午6時
星期日 下午1時至下午6時
地點:沙田香港中文大學本部大學展覽廳(位於大學圖書館正門出入口處)
交通:港鐵大學站A出口外設有穿梭校巴往返中央階梯
【In Memory of Professor Sir Charles K. Kao, former Vice-Chancellor of CUHK and Father of Fibre Optics】
Professor Sir Charles K. Kao, the third Vice-Chancellor, Honorary Professor of Engineering, and Doctor of Science, honoris causa, of The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), laureate of the Nobel Prize in Physics and Great Bauhinia Medallist passed away on 23 September 2018, at the age of 84. CUHK is profoundly saddened and conveys its deepest condolences to his family.
Professor Kao developed the principles of fibre optics in 1966, eventually ushering in the age of the internet. Professor Kao joined CUHK in 1970 as Reader and Chair of the then new Department of Electronics (later renamed to Department of Electronic Engineering), and appointed as the first Professor of Electronics. He was conferred the degree of Doctor of Science, honoris causa, by CUHK in 1985. He was Vice-Chancellor of CUHK from 1987-1996. Upon his retirement, Professor Kao was appointed Honorary Professor of Engineering.
Professor Rocky S. Tuan, Vice-Chancellor and President of CUHK, said, “Professor Kao was a brilliant scholar and visionary leader in higher education. As the third Vice-Chancellor, he spearheaded the advancement of CUHK in its formative years, laying down a fertile ground for the growth of talents, and made remarkable achievements during his tenure. His impeccable striving for excellence in science and technology led to his groundbreaking accomplishments in the area of fibre optics, which brought forth the development of the internet and opened a new page in the history of telecommunications. Professor Kao’s passing is a great loss to CUHK, Hong Kong, and global academia. All of us at CUHK will remember his immense contributions to the University and to the world. I sincerely offer our deepest condolences to Professor Kao’s family on behalf of the teachers, students and alumni of CUHK.” Details: bit.ly/2xJFUB1
A place for condolence will be set up in the campus for the public to sign in and record their messages of condolences to pay their last respects to Prof. Kao:
Date: From 24 September 2018 to 24 October 2018
Time:
Mondays to Fridays 9:00 am – 8:00 pm
Saturdays 9:00 am – 6:00 pm
Sundays: 1:00 pm – 6:00 pm
Venue: University Gallery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin (located at the main entrance of the University Library)
Transportation: A shuttle bus running between MTR University Station (outside Exit A) and the Central Steps
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