關於 gas chamber ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

雖然有學生已經自行宣佈暑假開始😂，
也有孩子認真看網版、詢問俐媽問題呢！

俐媽之前錄了三民B4L10 Anne Frank’s Diary，講述荷蘭猶太女孩Anne一家人躲避納粹德軍的追捕，心驚肉跳地過日子。Anne以她敏銳的觀察力、細膩帶著童稚但又被迫早熟的筆法，在日記中記下了她的生活。後來，Anne的日記以多國語言出版，也拍成電影。Anne一家人當初躲藏的房子，也成為了知名景點「安妮之家」，日後有機會去荷蘭，大家可以拜訪，些許感受到戰爭與種族屠殺的殘酷。

俐媽在這課網版中也推薦不少和猶太人Holocaust主題有關的小說/電影，暑假時想要深入研究？正是時候！
———————————————————————
📝 俐媽英文教室—安妮日記篇：
🪦 Jews/ Jewish people (n.) 猶太人
🪦 Holocaust (二戰針對猶太人的)大屠殺
🪦 slaughter/ massacre/ carnage/ butchery (n.) 屠殺
🪦 genocide (n.) 種族集體滅殺
🪦 brutality (n.) 殘暴
🪦 memorial (n.) 紀念碑；(a.) 紀念
🪦 victim (n.) 受害者
🪦 assault (v.) 攻擊
🪦 extermination (n.) 滅絕
🪦 concentration camp (n.) 集中營
🪦 gas chamber (n.) 毒氣室
🪦 labor (n.) 勞動
🪦 starvation (n.) 飢餓
🪦 infest (v.) 侵擾
🪦 persecution (n.) 迫害
🪦 ghetto (n.) (猶太人)貧民窟
🪦 chronological (a.) 按時間先後順序的
🪦 racial segregation (n.) 種族隔離
🪦 ethnic (a.) 種族的
🪦 outbreak (n.) (戰爭、疾病)爆發
🪦 intrusion (n.) 入侵
🪦 occupation (n.) 佔領
🪦 accusation (n.) 控訴
🪦 confined (a.) 受限的(to N/Ving)
🪦 death toll (n.) 死亡人數
🪦 keep a diary 寫日記
🪦 confide in... 向⋯吐露心事
🪦 attic (n.) 閣樓
🪦 publish (v.) 出版
🪦 circulation (n.) 流傳
🪦 spirits (n.) 精神
🪦 in memory of... 紀念⋯
—————————————————————-
其他針對二戰納粹、猶太人主題的書籍/影片介紹，可以看
#俐媽英文教室博物館篇
的留言

雖然Anne的日記最後結局令人悲傷，
它也是歷史上的一個深刻痕跡。

#俐媽英文教室
#俐媽英文教室網版篇
#俐媽英文教室戰爭篇
#台大明明網路課程超豐富
#不用可惜

I would like to thank all my English speaking friends and supporters in the US and world abroad for all the support of the past 6-7 years. It’s been a tough journey and I appreciate everyone who messaged me words of encouragement and congratulations.

As most of my audience are Chinese speaking, I apologize for not always posting in English. I’ll try to be better about that in the future. Below is a my short race recap of my 3:58:54 record breaking performance that went down back in Taiwan.

Nervous international fights, dismantled and reassembled my bike 3 times, 14 days of quarantine in un air conditioned heat chamber LOL (Taiwan is kind of hot), and my best 70.3 half Ironman race ever, here we are! Enjoy.. thanks again

Last year at Elsinore 70.3 in Denmark I underestimated the race courses’s difficulty, thinking for such a flat course I can easily break 4 hours. The bike leg didn’t go well, but running off the bike, I did some quick math and thought a 1:15 half marathon will be enough. During that time I still wasn’t very confident of my own endurance and was petrified of bonking halfway through the run. Nervous to push during the run, I held back until the last 5k. When I entered the finishing chute I saw the clock and it started with 4....I knew I had failed.

I was very regretful of my mentality and attitude for that race. Ever since then every single training run I do where I start to feel my legs go weak and felt the same fear at Elsinore 70.3, I would stay calm, endure the pain, and keep moving forward at the limit.

After more than a year, I took the risky flight from pandemic hard hit California to my home country Taiwan and then quarantined for 14 days. Thankfully I made it to start line for Ironman Taiwan 70.3 safe and healthy. I told myself at that moment, do not waste this opportunity.

I knew I couldn’t keep up with Sam during the swim, but I was quietly confident in my form, after a whole year of band work and technique help from my wife, I didn’t get any jello arms through the swim and was able to push full gas.

After I got to the shore, I got on my trusty Giant trinity (the dragon that changes color) and started my most confident sport of cycling, chasing after Sam. The first lap my old injury in my left hip came back to haunt me so I stayed conservative, though still able to average 42 kph. Second lap my left hip warmed up and the pain went away so I went full gas, enjoying the nice rolling course averaging 45-50kph on the 11 highway along the coast. I passed by many other competitors who cheered me on giving me a lot of energy.

Getting off the bike, I felt really good and started off averaging 3:30/km. I thought to myself a 1:15 half marathon is definitely doable. As I passed Sam at 4km mark my pace kept dropping and heart rate kept climbing. All of a sudden the clouds went away and the sun came out to play. I thought crap, this is bad. Every aid station I would grab two cups to drink and two cups to pour on myself, not wanting to slow down to waste anymore time. Every kilometer my pace would drop by a second and by halfway I did the math and realized breaking 4 was not going to happen. I started to feel very depressed and wanting to cry. I thought about How I spent the whole year training for this one race, left my family and my wife at home for a whole month, quarantined for 2 weeks, what the hell am I doing? I snapped out of that and slapped myself mentally and said if I’m not going to break 4 hours today I’m going to at least run until I got nothing left to give myself some closure. I wanted to finish the race not breaking four hours knowing I did my very best and didn’t have it, and not because I was scared. I had blisters underneath my thumb toe nail and it was extremely painful but I carried on. I slogged
Through the last 10km and found myself back in the finishing area. A friend yelled you still have two minutes til 4 hours! I still had hope and accelerated like crazy. I crossed the finish line and couldn’t believe my eyes... 3:58:54

This is my most satisfying race ever. I realized you really can’t let off until the finish line, because anything can happen. This race was very special since I basically time trialed alone from start to finish. To break 4 hours, the Taiwanese nations record for 70.3, and to share the race course with Sam, the pro athlete that inspired me to chase my dream , I couldn’t be more grateful.

【《金融時報》深度長訪】

今年做過數百外媒訪問，若要說最能反映我思緒和想法的訪問，必然是《金融時報》的這一個，沒有之一。

在排山倒海的訪問裡，這位記者能在短短個半小時裡，刻畫得如此傳神，值得睇。

Joshua Wong plonks himself down on a plastic stool across from me. He is there for barely 10 seconds before he leaps up to greet two former high school classmates in the lunchtime tea house melee. He says hi and bye and then bounds back. Once again I am facing the young man in a black Chinese collared shirt and tan shorts who is proving such a headache for the authorities in Beijing.

So far, it’s been a fairly standard week for Wong. On a break from a globe-trotting, pro-democracy lobbying tour, he was grabbed off the streets of Hong Kong and bundled into a minivan. After being arrested, he appeared on the front pages of the world’s newspapers and was labelled a “traitor” by China’s foreign ministry.

He is very apologetic about being late for lunch.

Little about Wong, the face of Hong Kong’s democracy movement, can be described as ordinary: neither his Nobel Peace Prize nomination, nor his three stints in prison. Five years ago, his face was plastered on the cover of Time magazine; in 2017, he was the subject of a hit Netflix documentary, Joshua: Teenager vs Superpower. And he’s only 23.

We’re sitting inside a Cantonese teahouse in the narrow back streets near Hong Kong’s parliament, where he works for a pro-democracy lawmaker. It’s one of the most socially diverse parts of the city and has been at the heart of five months of unrest, which has turned into a battle for Hong Kong’s future. A few weekends earlier I covered clashes nearby as protesters threw Molotov cocktails at police, who fired back tear gas. Drunk expats looked on, as tourists rushed by dragging suitcases.

The lunch crowd pours into the fast-food joint, milling around as staff set up collapsible tables on the pavement. Construction workers sit side-by-side with men sweating in suits, chopsticks in one hand, phones in the other. I scan the menu: instant noodles with fried egg and luncheon meat, deep fried pork chops, beef brisket with radish. Wong barely glances at it before selecting the hometown fried rice and milk tea, a Hong Kong speciality with British colonial roots, made with black tea and evaporated or condensed milk.

“I always order this,” he beams, “I love this place, it’s the only Cantonese teahouse in the area that does cheap, high-quality milk tea.” I take my cue and settle for the veggie and egg fried rice and a lemon iced tea as the man sitting on the next table reaches over to shake Wong’s hand. Another pats him on the shoulder as he brushes by to pay the bill.

Wong has been a recognisable face in this city since he was 14, when he fought against a proposal from the Hong Kong government to introduce a national education curriculum that would teach that Chinese Communist party rule was “superior” to western-style democracy. The government eventually backed down after more than 100,000 people took to the streets. Two years later, Wong rose to global prominence when he became the poster boy for the Umbrella Movement, in which tens of thousands of students occupied central Hong Kong for 79 days to demand genuine universal suffrage.

That movement ended in failure. Many of its leaders were sent to jail, among them Wong. But the seeds of activism were planted in the generation of Hong Kongers who are now back on the streets, fighting for democracy against the world’s most powerful authoritarian state. The latest turmoil was sparked by a controversial extradition bill but has evolved into demands for true suffrage and a showdown with Beijing over the future of Hong Kong. The unrest in the former British colony, which was handed over to China in 1997, represents the biggest uprising on Chinese soil since the 1989 pro-democracy movement in Beijing. Its climax, of course, was the Tiananmen Square massacre, when hundreds, perhaps thousands, of people were killed.

“We learnt a lot of lessons from the Umbrella Movement: how to deal with conflict between the more moderate and progressive camps, how to be more organic, how to be less hesitant,” says Wong. “Five years ago the pro-democracy camp was far more cautious about seeking international support because they were afraid of pissing off Beijing.”

Wong doesn’t appear to be afraid of irking China. Over the past few months, he has lobbied on behalf of the Hong Kong protesters to governments around the world. In the US, he testified before Congress and urged lawmakers to pass an act in support of the Hong Kong protesters — subsequently approved by the House of Representatives with strong bipartisan support. In Germany, he made headlines when he suggested two baby pandas in the Berlin Zoo be named “Democracy” and “Freedom.” He has been previously barred from entering Malaysia and Thailand due to pressure from Beijing, and a Singaporean social worker was recently convicted and fined for organising an event at which Wong spoke via Skype.

The food arrives almost immediately. I struggle to tell our orders apart. Two mouthfuls into my egg and cabbage fried rice, I regret not ordering the instant noodles with luncheon meat.

In August, a Hong Kong newspaper controlled by the Chinese Communist party published a photo of Julie Eadeh, an American diplomat, meeting pro-democracy student leaders including Wong. The headline accused “foreign forces” of igniting a revolution in Hong Kong. “Beijing says I was trained by the CIA and the US marines and I am a CIA agent. [I find it] quite boring because they have made up these kinds of rumours for seven years [now],” he says, ignoring his incessantly pinging phone.

Another thing that bores him? The media. Although Wong’s messaging is always on point, his appraisal of journalists in response to my questions is piercing and cheeky. “In 15-minute interviews I know journalists just need soundbites that I’ve repeated lots of times before. So I’ll say things like ‘I have no hope [as regards] the regime but I have hope towards the people.’ Then the journalists will say ‘oh that’s so impressive!’ And I’ll say ‘yes, I’m a poet.’ ”

And what about this choice of restaurant? “Well, I knew I couldn’t pick a five-star hotel, even though the Financial Times is paying and I know you can afford it,” he says grinning. “It’s better to do this kind of interview in a Hong Kong-style restaurant. This is the place that I conducted my first interview after I left prison.” Wong has spent around 120 days in prison in total, including on charges of unlawful assembly.

“My fellow prisoners would tell me about how they joined the Umbrella Movement and how they agreed with our beliefs. I think prisoners are more aware of the importance of human rights,” he says, adding that even the prison wardens would share with him how they had joined protests.

“Even the triad members in prison support democracy. They complain how the tax on cigarettes is extremely high and the tax on red wine is extremely low; it just shows how the upper-class elite lives here,” he says, as a waiter strains to hear our conversation. Wong was most recently released from jail in June, the day after the largest protests in the history of Hong Kong, when an estimated 2m people — more than a quarter of the territory’s 7.5m population — took to the streets.

Raised in a deeply religious family, he used to travel to mainland China every two years with his family and church literally to spread the gospel. As with many Hong Kong Chinese who trace their roots to the mainland, he doesn’t know where his ancestral village is. His lasting memory of his trips across the border is of dirty toilets, he tells me, mid-bite. He turned to activism when he realised praying didn’t help much.

“The gift from God is to have independence of mind and critical thinking; to have our own will and to make our own personal judgments. I don’t link my religious beliefs with my political judgments. Even Carrie Lam is Catholic,” he trails off, in a reference to Hong Kong’s leader. Lam has the lowest approval rating of any chief executive in the history of the city, thanks to her botched handling of the crisis.

I ask whether Wong’s father, who is also involved in social activism, has been a big influence. Wrong question.

“The western media loves to frame Joshua Wong joining the fight because of reading the books of Nelson Mandela or Martin Luther King or because of how my parents raised me. In reality, I joined street activism not because of anyone book I read. Why do journalists always assume anyone who strives for a better society has a role model?” He glances down at his pinging phone and draws a breath, before continuing. “Can you really describe my dad as an activist? I support LGBTQ rights,” he says, with a fist pump. His father, Roger Wong, is a well-known anti-gay rights campaigner in Hong Kong.

I notice he has put down his spoon, with half a plate of fried rice untouched. I decide it would be a good idea to redirect our conversation by bonding over phone addictions. Wong, renowned for his laser focus and determination, replies to my emails and messages at all hours and has been described by his friends as “a robot.”

He scrolls through his Gmail, his inbox filled with unread emails, showing me how he categorises interview requests with country tags. His life is almost solely dedicated to activism. “My friends and I used to go to watch movies and play laser tag but now of course we don’t have time to play any more: we face real bullets every weekend.”

The protests — which have seen more than 3,300 people arrested — have been largely leaderless. “Do you ever question your relevance to the movement?” I venture, mid-spoonful of congealed fried rice.

“Never,” he replies with his mouth full. “We have a lot of facilitators in this movement and I’m one of them . . . it’s just like Wikipedia. You don’t know who the contributors are behind a Wikipedia page but you know there’s a lot of collaboration and crowdsourcing. Instead of just having a top-down command, we now have a bottom-up command hub which has allowed the movement to last far longer than Umbrella.

“With greater power comes greater responsibility, so the question is how, through my role, can I express the voices of the frontliners, of the street activism? For example, I defended the action of storming into the Legislative Council on July 1. I know I didn’t storm in myself . . . ” His phone pings twice. Finally he succumbs.

After tapping away for about 30 seconds, Wong launches back into our conversation, sounding genuinely sorry that he wasn’t there on the night when protesters destroyed symbols of the Chinese Communist party and briefly occupied the chamber.

“My job is to be the middleman to express, evaluate and reveal what is going on in the Hong Kong protests when the movement is about being faceless,” he says, adding that his Twitter storm of 29 tweets explaining the July 1 occupation reached at least four million people. I admit that I am overcome with exhaustion just scanning his Twitter account, which has more than 400,000 followers. “Well, that thread was actually written by Jeffrey Ngo from Demosisto,” he say, referring to the political activism group that he heads.

A network of Hong Kong activists studying abroad helps fuel his relentless public persona on social media and in the opinion pages of international newspapers. Within a week of his most recent arrest, he had published op-eds in The Economist, The New York Times, Quartz and the Apple Daily.

I wonder out loud if he ever feels overwhelmed at taking on the Chinese Communist party, a task daunting even for some of the world’s most formidable governments and companies. He peers at me over his wire-framed glasses. “It’s our responsibility; if we don’t do it, who will? At least we are not in Xinjiang or Tibet; we are in Hong Kong,” he says, referring to two regions on Chinese soil on the frontline of Beijing’s drive to develop a high-tech surveillance state. In Xinjiang, at least one million people are being held in internment camps. “Even though we’re directly under the rule of Beijing, we have a layer of protection because we’re recognised as a global city so [Beijing] is more hesitant to act.”

I hear the sound of the wok firing up in the kitchen and ask him the question on everyone’s minds in Hong Kong: what happens next? Like many people who are closely following the extraordinary situation in Hong Kong, he is hesitant to make firm predictions.

“Lots of think-tanks around the world say ‘Oh, we’re China experts. We’re born in western countries but we know how to read Chinese so we’re familiar with Chinese politics.’ They predicted the Communist party would collapse after the Tiananmen Square massacre and they’ve kept predicting this over the past three decades but hey, now it’s 2019 and we’re still under the rule of Beijing, ha ha,” he grins.

While we are prophesying, does Wong ever think he might become chief executive one day? “No local journalist in Hong Kong would really ask this question,” he admonishes. As our lunch has progressed, he has become bolder in dissecting my interview technique. The territory’s chief executive is currently selected by a group of 1,200, mostly Beijing loyalists, and he doubts the Chinese Communist party would ever allow him to run. A few weeks after we meet he announces his candidacy in the upcoming district council elections. He was eventually the only candidate disqualified from running — an order that, after our lunch, he tweeted had come from Beijing and was “clearly politically driven”.

We turn to the more ordinary stuff of 23-year-olds’ lives, as Wong slurps the remainder of his milk tea. “Before being jailed, the thing I was most worried about was that I wouldn’t be able to watch Avengers: Endgame,” he says.

“Luckily, it came out around early May so I watched it two weeks before I was locked up in prison.” He has already quoted Spider-Man twice during our lunch. I am unsurprised when Wong picks him as his favourite character.

“I think he’s more . . . ” He pauses, one of the few times in the interview. “Compared to having an unlimited superpower or unlimited power or unlimited talent just like Superman, I think Spider-Man is more human.” With that, our friendly neighbourhood activist dashes off to his next interview.

RD350LC RZ250 4L3 RZ350 4U0 Pocket rocket　ヤマハ・RZ

In the successor model of RD, is the name of the 250cc motorcycle-only car for the domestic market have been sold from Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd. in August 1980.

During the 1970s, has been enhanced to automobile exhaust gas regulations, particularly in North America, the use of two-stroke engine is strictly day become, was born from the idea of ​​making the last two-stroke sport model.

"R" of "RZ" is originally, "Z" There is a symbol which means Yamaha 350cc in-house means a water-cooled. Turned from the last character of the alphabet to the other, also put that the meaning of the last, and the ultimate.

Engine that is designed around driving performance basic original sport bike takes the layout of two parallel cylinder two-stroke water-cooled (54mm × 54mm) bore and stroke same as TZ is a racer commercial made by the company at the time, as the same class boasted the top time of 35ps. Other plastic parts are also used frequently to reduce weight, the rear suspension is mono shock, such as halogen headlights cast wheel of the cantilever type of road sports model adopted for the first (mono-cross suspension), the new design, a large, state-of-the-art at that time was equipped with the item. Or partly because of that it was (August 1980) Release of have to wait nearly a year since 1979 has been introduced for the first time in scoop of magazine motorcycle, followed by some time situation such as waiting three months to delivery from order became a blockbuster about. Surface was well received by the hands of styling and design (GK Dynamics Co., Ltd. now) GK Industrial Design Inc. Research Institute. In addition, the white model of early type also known as the Pearl paint color is a beautiful flag of the Rising Sun aka. (White is solid white and later)

There is special mention to the height of the driving performance, that performance was more than equal Watariaeru four-stroke 400cc class with higher amounts of exhaust, was also called "400 killer" and. 3.97kg/ps power-to-weight ratio and also be used as a target for the vehicle, such as driving performance, which was a four-stroke 400cc class on a par with at the time. Uncommon at the time employed in the commercial vehicles (with the expansion chamber) of the chamber type of muffler, along with the image of looks up the race, had also contributed to the performance up. Many individual single disc front brake is said, of Riadoramu is too poor for the height of the driving performance, have a double disc of 350 specification

RD350LC RZ250 4L3 RZ350 4U0 Pocket rocket　ヤマハ・RZ

In the successor model of RD, is the name of the 250cc motorcycle-only car for the domestic market have been sold from Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd. in August 1980.

During the 1970s, has been enhanced to automobile exhaust gas regulations, particularly in North America, the use of two-stroke engine is strictly day become, was born from the idea of ​​making the last two-stroke sport model.

"R" of "RZ" is originally, "Z" There is a symbol which means Yamaha 350cc in-house means a water-cooled. Turned from the last character of the alphabet to the other, also put that the meaning of the last, and the ultimate.

Engine that is designed around driving performance basic original sport bike takes the layout of two parallel cylinder two-stroke water-cooled (54mm × 54mm) bore and stroke same as TZ is a racer commercial made by the company at the time, as the same class boasted the top time of 35ps. Other plastic parts are also used frequently to reduce weight, the rear suspension is mono shock, such as halogen headlights cast wheel of the cantilever type of road sports model adopted for the first (mono-cross suspension), the new design, a large, state-of-the-art at that time was equipped with the item. Or partly because of that it was (August 1980) Release of have to wait nearly a year since 1979 has been introduced for the first time in scoop of magazine motorcycle, followed by some time situation such as waiting three months to delivery from order became a blockbuster about. Surface was well received by the hands of styling and design (GK Dynamics Co., Ltd. now) GK Industrial Design Inc. Research Institute. In addition, the white model of early type also known as the Pearl paint color is a beautiful flag of the Rising Sun aka. (White is solid white and later)

There is special mention to the height of the driving performance, that performance was more than equal Watariaeru four-stroke 400cc class with higher amounts of exhaust, was also called "400 killer" and. 3.97kg/ps power-to-weight ratio and also be used as a target for the vehicle, such as driving performance, which was a four-stroke 400cc class on a par with at the time. Uncommon at the time employed in the commercial vehicles (with the expansion chamber) of the chamber type of muffler, along with the image of looks up the race, had also contributed to the performance up. Many individual single disc front brake is said, of Riadoramu is too poor for the height of the driving performance, have a double disc of 350 specification

RD350LC RZ250 4L3 RZ350 4U0 Pocket rocket　ヤマハ・RZ

In the successor model of RD, is the name of the 250cc motorcycle-only car for the domestic market have been sold from Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd. in August 1980.

During the 1970s, has been enhanced to automobile exhaust gas regulations, particularly in North America, the use of two-stroke engine is strictly day become, was born from the idea of ​​making the last two-stroke sport model.

"R" of "RZ" is originally, "Z" There is a symbol which means Yamaha 350cc in-house means a water-cooled. Turned from the last character of the alphabet to the other, also put that the meaning of the last, and the ultimate.

Engine that is designed around driving performance basic original sport bike takes the layout of two parallel cylinder two-stroke water-cooled (54mm × 54mm) bore and stroke same as TZ is a racer commercial made by the company at the time, as the same class boasted the top time of 35ps. Other plastic parts are also used frequently to reduce weight, the rear suspension is mono shock, such as halogen headlights cast wheel of the cantilever type of road sports model adopted for the first (mono-cross suspension), the new design, a large, state-of-the-art at that time was equipped with the item. Or partly because of that it was (August 1980) Release of have to wait nearly a year since 1979 has been introduced for the first time in scoop of magazine motorcycle, followed by some time situation such as waiting three months to delivery from order became a blockbuster about. Surface was well received by the hands of styling and design (GK Dynamics Co., Ltd. now) GK Industrial Design Inc. Research Institute. In addition, the white model of early type also known as the Pearl paint color is a beautiful flag of the Rising Sun aka. (White is solid white and later)

There is special mention to the height of the driving performance, that performance was more than equal Watariaeru four-stroke 400cc class with higher amounts of exhaust, was also called "400 killer" and. 3.97kg/ps power-to-weight ratio and also be used as a target for the vehicle, such as driving performance, which was a four-stroke 400cc class on a par with at the time. Uncommon at the time employed in the commercial vehicles (with the expansion chamber) of the chamber type of muffler, along with the image of looks up the race, had also contributed to the performance up. Many individual single disc front brake is said, of Riadoramu is too poor for the height of the driving performance, have a double disc of 350 specification