關於 for examples or for example ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

Holy Spirit Indwelling Old Testament Saints

Who says that the Holy Spirit did not indwell anyone in Old Testament times before the cross?

The following passages show some examples of men who had the Holy Spirit in them (in means “indwelling”, not just “on” which is the temporary anointing upon a person that lifts after the Spirit has completed His purpose).

Joseph had the Spirit of God in him:

“And Pharaoh said to his servants, “Can we find such a one as this, a man in whom is the Spirit of God?” Then Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Inasmuch as God has shown you all this, there is no one as discerning and wise as you.” (Genesis‬ ‭41:38-39‬ ‭NKJV‬‬)

Joshua had the Spirit of God in him (The Lord said so):

“And the LORD said to Moses: “Take Joshua the son of Nun with you, a man in whom is the Spirit, and lay your hand on him; set him before Eleazar the priest and before all the congregation, and inaugurate him in their sight.” (Numbers‬ ‭27:18-19‬ ‭NKJV‬‬)

Daniel had the Spirit of God in him:

“But at last Daniel came before me (his name is Belteshazzar, according to the name of my god; in him is the Spirit of the Holy God), and I told the dream before him, saying: “Belteshazzar, chief of the magicians, because I know that the Spirit of the Holy God is in you, and no secret troubles you, explain to me the visions of my dream that I have seen, and its interpretation.” (Daniel‬ ‭4:8-9‬ ‭NKJV‬‬)

Now, before you say that Pharaoh and Nebuchadnezzar are not trustworthy sources because they were pagans, do not forget that God uses rulers as mouthpieces sometimes—even those who did not have true faith in Him. An example would be Caiaphas the High Priest who kept on resisting Jesus:

“And one of them, Caiaphas, being high priest that year, said to them, “You know nothing at all, nor do you consider that it is expedient for us that one man should die for the people, and not that the whole nation should perish.” Now this he did not say on his own authority; but being high priest that year he prophesied that Jesus would die for the nation, and not for that nation only, but also that He would gather together in one the children of God who were scattered abroad.” (John‬ ‭11:49-52‬ ‭NKJV‬‬)

Jesus said that those who don’t believe or heed His words are not of God, but of their father, the devil. Caiaphas may have held the office of high priest, but he was not a true believer in Yahweh since he kept opposing Jesus.

This makes him no holier than Pharaoh or Nebuchadnezzar.

It is interesting to note also that God called Nebuchadnezzar His servant, and later on, Nebuchadnezzar did place his faith in Yahweh.

“And now I have given all these lands into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon, My servant; and the beasts of the field I have also given him to serve him.” (Jeremiah‬ ‭27:6‬ ‭NKJV‬‬)

The Holy Spirit cannot indwell a defiled spirit that is dead in sin. Since He was able to indwell Joseph, Joshua, and Daniel, this means that Jesus’ blood at the cross has always been effective to cleanse people from their sins. There were vessels fit for the Holy Spirit even in Old Testament times.

It was just God’s mystery hidden from the world, until the right time came to proclaim this truth openly. Some Old Testament saints tapped into this truth unknowingly, and received the benefits of God’s grace.

Consider how Enoch and Elijah, two men who lived before the cross, were able to be received into Heaven. They have never died and are still alive there. How can they have sin in them and be accepted in Heaven? They must have already been cleansed from their sins.

Read my article and understand much more about how the cross has been a finished work ever since before the foundation of the world: https://ko-fi.com/post/The-Cross-Finished-Before-the-Foundation-of-the-W-Y8Y41VVJK

📜 [專欄新文章] Uniswap v3 Features Explained in Depth

✍️ 田少谷 Shao

📥 歡迎投稿： https://medium.com/taipei-ethereum-meetup #徵技術分享文 #使用心得 #教學文 #medium

Once again the game-changing DEX 🦄 👑

Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/

Outline

0. Intro1. Uniswap & AMM recap2. Ticks 3. Concentrated liquidity4. Range orders: reversible limit orders5. Impacts of v36. Conclusion

0. Intro

The announcement of Uniswap v3 is no doubt one of the most exciting news in the DeFi place recently 🔥🔥🔥

While most have talked about the impact v3 can potentially bring on the market, seldom explain the delicate implementation techniques to realize all those amazing features, such as concentrated liquidity, limit-order-like range orders, etc.

Since I’ve covered Uniswap v1 & v2 (if you happen to know Mandarin, here are v1 & v2), there’s no reason for me to not cover v3 as well ✅

Thus, this article aims to guide readers through Uniswap v3, based on their official whitepaper and examples made on the announcement page. However, one needs not to be an engineer, as not many codes are involved, nor a math major, as the math involved is definitely taught in your high school, to fully understand the following content 😊😊😊

If you really make it through but still don’t get shxt, feedbacks are welcomed! 🙏

There should be another article focusing on the codebase, so stay tuned and let’s get started with some background noise!

1. Uniswap & AMM recap

Before diving in, we have to first recap the uniqueness of Uniswap and compare it to traditional order book exchanges.

Uniswap v1 & v2 are a kind of AMMs (automated market marker) that follow the constant product equation x * y = k, with x & y stand for the amount of two tokens X and Y in a pool and k as a constant.

Comparing to order book exchanges, AMMs, such as the previous versions of Uniswap, offer quite a distinct user experience:

AMMs have pricing functions that offer the price for the two tokens, which make their users always price takers, while users of order book exchanges can be both makers or takers.

Uniswap as well as most AMMs have infinite liquidity¹, while order book exchanges don’t. The liquidity of Uniswap v1 & v2 is provided throughout the price range [0,∞]².

Uniswap as well as most AMMs have price slippage³ and it’s due to the pricing function, while there isn’t always price slippage on order book exchanges as long as an order is fulfilled within one tick.

In an order book, each price (whether in green or red) is a tick. Image source: https://ftx.com/trade/BTC-PERP

¹ though the price gets worse over time; AMM of constant sum such as mStable does not have infinite liquidity

² the range is in fact [-∞,∞], while a price in most cases won’t be negative

³ AMM of constant sum does not have price slippage

2. Tick

The whole innovation of Uniswap v3 starts from ticks.

For those unfamiliar with what is a tick:

Source: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tick.asp

By slicing the price range [0,∞] into numerous granular ticks, trading on v3 is highly similar to trading on order book exchanges, with only three differences:

The price range of each tick is predefined by the system instead of being proposed by users.

Trades that happen within a tick still follows the pricing function of the AMM, while the equation has to be updated once the price crosses the tick.

Orders can be executed with any price within the price range, instead of being fulfilled at the same one price on order book exchanges.

With the tick design, Uniswap v3 possesses most of the merits of both AMM and an order book exchange! 💯💯💯

So, how is the price range of a tick decided?

This question is actually somewhat related to the tick explanation above: the minimum tick size for stocks trading above 1$ is one cent.

The underlying meaning of a tick size traditionally being one cent is that one cent (1% of 1$) is the basis point of price changes between ticks, ex: 1.02 — 1.01 = 0.1.

Uniswap v3 employs a similar idea: compared to the previous/next price, the price change should always be 0.01% = 1 basis point.

However, notice the difference is that in the traditional basis point, the price change is defined with subtraction, while here in Uniswap it’s division.

This is how price ranges of ticks are decided⁴:

Image source: https://uniswap.org/whitepaper-v3.pdf

With the above equation, the tick/price range can be recorded in the index form [i, i+1], instead of some crazy numbers such as 1.0001¹⁰⁰ = 1.0100496621.

As each price is the multiplication of 1.0001 of the previous price, the price change is always 1.0001 — 1 = 0.0001 = 0.01%.

For example, when i=1, p(1) = 1.0001; when i=2, p(2) = 1.00020001.

p(2) / p(1) = 1.00020001 / 1.0001 = 1.0001

See the connection between the traditional basis point 1 cent (=1% of 1$) and Uniswap v3’s basis point 0.01%?

Image source: https://tenor.com/view/coin-master-cool-gif-19748052

But sir, are prices really granular enough? There are many shitcoins with prices less than 0.000001$. Will such prices be covered as well?

Price range: max & min

To know if an extremely small price is covered or not, we have to figure out the max & min price range of v3 by looking into the spec: there is a int24 tick state variable in UniswapV3Pool.sol.

Image source: https://uniswap.org/whitepaper-v3.pdf

The reason for a signed integer int instead of an uint is that negative power represents prices less than 1 but greater than 0.

24 bits can cover the range between 1.0001 ^ (2²³ — 1) and 1.0001 ^ -(2)²³. Even Google cannot calculate such numbers, so allow me to offer smaller values to have a rough idea of the whole price range:

1.0001 ^ (2¹⁸) = 242,214,459,604.341

1.0001 ^ -(2¹⁷) = 0.000002031888943

I think it’s safe to say that with a int24 the range can cover > 99.99% of the prices of all assets in the universe 👌

⁴ For implementation concern, however, a square root is added to both sides of the equation.

How about finding out which tick does a price belong to?

Tick index from price

The answer to this question is rather easy, as we know that p(i) = 1.0001^i, simply takes a log with base 1.0001 on both sides of the equation⁴:

Image source: https://www.codecogs.com/latex/eqneditor.php

Let’s try this out, say we wanna find out the tick index of 1000000.

Image source: https://ncalculators.com/number-conversion/log-logarithm-calculator.htm

Now, 1.0001¹³⁸¹⁶² = 999,998.678087146. Voila!

⁵ This formula is also slightly modified to fit the real implementation usage.

3. Concentrated liquidity

Now that we know how ticks and price ranges are decided, let’s talk about how orders are executed in a tick, what is concentrated liquidity and how it enables v3 to compete with stablecoin-specialized DEXs (decentralized exchange), such as Curve, by improving the capital efficiency.

Concentrated liquidity means LPs (liquidity providers) can provide liquidity to any price range/tick at their wish, which causes the liquidity to be imbalanced in ticks.

As each tick has a different liquidity depth, the corresponding pricing function x * y = k also won’t be the same!

Each tick has its own liquidity depth. Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/

Mmm… examples are always helpful for abstract descriptions 😂

Say the original pricing function is 100(x) * 1000(y) = 100000(k), with the price of X token 1000 / 100 = 10 and we’re now in the price range [9.08, 11.08].

If the liquidity of the price range [11.08, 13.08] is the same as [9.08, 11.08], we don’t have to modify the pricing function if the price goes from 10 to 11.08, which is the boundary between two ticks.

The price of X is 1052.63 / 95 = 11.08 when the equation is 1052.63 * 95 = 100000.

However, if the liquidity of the price range [11.08, 13.08] is two times that of the current range [9.08, 11.08], balances of x and y should be doubled, which makes the equation become 2105.26 * 220 = 400000, which is (1052.63 * 2) * (110 * 2) = (100000 * 2 * 2).

We can observe the following two points from the above example:

Trades always follow the pricing function x * y = k, while once the price crosses the current price range/tick, the liquidity/equation has to be updated.

√(x * y) = √k = L is how we represent the liquidity, as I say the liquidity of x * y = 400000 is two times the liquidity of x * y = 100000, as √(400000 / 100000) = 2.

What’s more, compared to liquidity on v1 & v2 is always spread across [0,∞], liquidity on v3 can be concentrated within certain price ranges and thus results in higher capital efficiency from traders’ swapping fees!

Let’s say if I provide liquidity in the range [1200, 2800], the capital efficiency will then be 4.24x higher than v2 with the range [0,∞] 😮😮😮 There’s a capital efficiency comparison calculator, make sure to try it out!

Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/

It’s worth noticing that the concept of concentrated liquidity was proposed and already implemented by Kyper, prior to Uniswap, which is called Automated Price Reserve in their case.⁵

⁶ Thanks to Yenwen Feng for the information.

4. Range orders: reversible limit orders

As explained in the above section, LPs of v3 can provide liquidity to any price range/tick at their wish. Depending on the current price and the targeted price range, there are three scenarios:

current price < the targeted price range

current price > the targeted price range

current price belongs to the targeted price range

The first two scenarios are called range orders. They have unique characteristics and are essentially fee-earning reversible limit orders, which will be explained later.

The last case is the exact same liquidity providing mechanism as the previous versions: LPs provide liquidity in both tokens of the same value (= amount * price).

There’s also an identical product to the case: grid trading, a very powerful investment tool for a time of consolidation. Dunno what’s grid trading? Check out Binance’s explanation on this, as this topic won’t be covered!

In fact, LPs of Uniswap v1 & v2 are grid trading with a range of [0,∞] and the entry price as the baseline.

Range orders

To understand range orders, we’d have to first revisit how price is discovered on Uniswap with the equation x * y = k, for x & y stand for the amount of two tokens X and Y and k as a constant.

The price of X compared to Y is y / x, which means how many Y one can get for 1 unit of X, and vice versa the price of Y compared to X is x / y.

For the price of X to go up, y has to increase and x decrease.

With this pricing mechanism in mind, it’s example time!

Say an LP plans to place liquidity in the price range [15.625, 17.313], higher than the current price of X 10, when 100(x) * 1000(y) = 100000(k).

The price of X is 1250 / 80 = 15.625 when the equation is 80 * 1250 = 100000.

The price of X is 1315.789 / 76 = 17.313 when the equation is 76 * 1315.789 = 100000.

If now the price of X reaches 15.625, the only way for the price of X to go even higher is to further increase y and decrease x, which means exchanging a certain amount of X for Y.

Thus, to provide liquidity in the range [15.625, 17.313], an LP needs only to prepare 80 — 76 = 4 of X. If the price exceeds 17.313, all 4 X of the LP is swapped into 1315.789 — 1250 = 65.798 Y, and then the LP has nothing more to do with the pool, as his/her liquidity is drained.

What if the price stays in the range? It’s exactly what LPs would love to see, as they can earn swapping fees for all transactions in the range! Also, the balance of X will swing between [76, 80] and the balance of Y between [1250, 1315.789].

This might not be obvious, but the example above shows an interesting insight: if the liquidity of one token is provided, only when the token becomes more valuable will it be exchanged for the less valuable one.

…wut? 🤔

Remember that if 4 X is provided within [15.625, 17.313], only when the price of X goes up from 15.625 to 17.313 is 4 X gradually swapped into Y, the less valuable one!

What if the price of X drops back immediately after reaching 17.313? As X becomes less valuable, others are going to exchange Y for X.

The below image illustrates the scenario of DAI/USDC pair with a price range of [1.001, 1.002] well: the pool is always composed entirely of one token on both sides of the tick, while in the middle 1.001499⁶ is of both tokens.

Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/

Similarly, to provide liquidity in a price range < current price, an LP has to prepare a certain amount of Y for others to exchange Y for X within the range.

To wrap up such an interesting feature, we know that:

Only one token is required for range orders.

Only when the current price is within the range of the range order can LP earn trading fees. This is the main reason why most people believe LPs of v3 have to monitor the price more actively to maximize their income, which also means that LPs of v3 have become arbitrageurs 🤯

I will be discussing more the impacts of v3 in 5. Impacts of v3.

⁷ 1.001499988 = √(1.0001 * 1.0002) is the geometric mean of 1.0001 and 1.0002. The implication is that the geometric mean of two prices is the average execution price within the range of the two prices.

Reversible limit orders

As the example in the last section demonstrates, if there is 4 X in range [15.625, 17.313], the 4 X will be completely converted into 65.798 Y when the price goes over 17.313.

We all know that a price can stay in a wide range such as [10, 11] for quite some time, while it’s unlikely so in a narrow range such as [15.625, 15.626].

Thus, if an LP provides liquidity in [15.625, 15.626], we can expect that once the price of X goes over 15.625 and immediately also 15.626, and does not drop back, all X are then forever converted into Y.

The concept of having a targeted price and the order will be executed after the price is crossed is exactly the concept of limit orders! The only difference is that if the range of a range order is not narrow enough, it’s highly possible that the conversion of tokens will be reverted once the price falls back to the range.

As price ranges follow the equation p(i) = 1.0001 ^ i, the range can be quite narrow and a range order can thus effectively serve as a limit order:

When i = 27490, 1.0001²⁷⁴⁹⁰ = 15.6248.⁸

When i = 27491, 1.0001²⁷⁴⁹¹ = 15.6264.⁸

A range of 0.0016 is not THAT narrow but can certainly satisfy most limit order use cases!

⁸ As mentioned previously in note #4, there is a square root in the equation of the price and index, thus the numbers here are for explantion only.

5. Impacts of v3

Higher capital efficiency, LPs become arbitrageurs… as v3 has made tons of radical changes, I’d like to summarize my personal takes of the impacts of v3:

Higher capital efficiency makes one of the most frequently considered indices in DeFi: TVL, total value locked, becomes less meaningful, as 1$ on Uniswap v3 might have the same effect as 100$ or even 2000$ on v2.

The ease of spot exchanging between spot exchanges used to be a huge advantage of spot markets over derivative markets. As LPs will take up the role of arbitrageurs and arbitraging is more likely to happen on v3 itself other than between DEXs, this gap is narrowed … to what extent? No idea though.

LP strategies and the aggregation of NFT of Uniswap v3 liquidity token are becoming the blue ocean for new DeFi startups: see Visor and Lixir. In fact, this might be the turning point for both DeFi and NFT: the two main reasons of blockchain going mainstream now come to the alignment of interest: solving the $$ problem 😏😏😏

In the right venue, which means a place where transaction fees are low enough, such as Optimism, we might see Algo trading firms coming in to share the market of designing LP strategies on Uniswap v3, as I believe Algo trading is way stronger than on-chain strategies or DAO voting to add liquidity that sort of thing.

After reading this article by Parsec.finance: The Dex to Rule Them All, I cannot help but wonder: maybe there is going to be centralized crypto exchanges adopting v3’s approach. The reason is that since orders of LPs in the same tick are executed pro-rata, the endless front-running speeding-competition issue in the Algo trading world, to some degree, is… solved? 🤔

Anyway, personal opinions can be biased and seriously wrong 🙈 I’m merely throwing out a sprat to catch a whale. Having a different voice? Leave your comment down below!

6. Conclusion

That was kinda tough, isn’t it? Glad you make it through here 🥂🥂🥂

There are actually many more details and also a huge section of Oracle yet to be covered. However, since this article is more about features and targeting normal DeFi users, I’ll leave those to the next one; hope there is one 😅

If you have any doubt or find any mistake, please feel free to reach out to me and I’d try to reply AFAP!

Stay tuned and in the meantime let’s wait and see how Uniswap v3 is again pioneering the innovation of DeFi 🌟

Uniswap v3 Features Explained in Depth was originally published in Taipei Ethereum Meetup on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

👏 歡迎轉載分享鼓掌

.
活在當下也能擁有未來的目標

Translation: @benkongenglish
.
那位同學質疑
「難道我們就只要活在當下
而無需計畫未來或追尋目標嗎？」
.
我的答案是肯定的！
不過當然可以計畫下週的旅行 明年的甄選
但計劃依舊都是「活在當下」的其中一部分
我們在這個當下進行規劃
也只能夠規劃著屬於這個當下的未來
假設一切如我們所想 計畫中的未來就可能發生
如果外界或自己的心緒變動了
那個未來 那個計畫就不一樣了
以下容我舉兩個例子
.
在台北市遙望高聳的101以為目標
其指引我們當下每一個腳步行進的方向
碰壁了 就左轉或右轉 很難筆直地到達101
最後我們可能會到達101
也可能在途中被一間溫馨的咖啡店吸引
而決定留連其中 品一杯咖啡 讀一本書
之後當我們回憶起那段旅程
在每個當下真實發生的 才是旅行的本質
至於行前規劃 只是出發前的一個活動與樂趣
他們各自在各自的當下飛舞
.
再說一個例子
我常常健身重訓
以前的我傻傻地亂練 很輕鬆很有趣
後來竟然真的練出一點名堂
雀躍之下 替自己設下一個高遠的目標
於是我積極地練 同時間運動變成負擔和壓力
甚至肌肉受傷 被迫休養停練
.
現在的我期許自己有效率地完成每一組動作
有時間運動很好
若運動時間被其他事情佔據 我就享受那件事情
回頭看自己的經歷 其中有這麼多的享受
也累積成果 成了此刻的自己
別讓未來吞噬當下
當下喜悅的心情是我們最好的導師
.
The student was sceptical “Shouldn’t we plan for the future and go after our goals other than living in the moment?”
.
My answer is affirmative.
No doubt you can make plans for the trip next week or the selection next year, but these are all just part of “live in the moment”.
We can only plan for the future of this moment when we make plans at this moment.
The planned future may come true if everything goes accordingly.
It may not if our heart or other external factors change.
I would like to illustrate it with two examples:
.
Looking at 101 in Taipei and setting it as the target, it guided every step of us towards its direction.
Turn left or right when there’s a dead end.
It’s impossible to reach 101 simply by walking straight
We may be able to reach 101, and also, we may be attracted to a cozy cafe and decide to stay for a coffee and read a book.
When we look back at the trip, the essence of travelling lies in the things happened.
The planning of the trip is only an activity and fun.
.
Another example is from me.
I work out a lot.
I used to simply working out. It’s easy and enjoyable.
Fame came.
Ecstatic, I set a higher goal for myself.
I train even harder. Time and sports become a burden and source of stress.
My muscles were strained, forcing me to stop training for a few months.
.
Now I expect myself to finish every set efficiently.
It’s good to have time to work out.
If the time for sports is occupied by other stuff, I will enjoy doing that stuff.
Looking back at my experience, I found so many enjoyments.
It became the fruits of my experience, which made me who I am today.
Do not let future overshadow this moment.
The contentment of the moment is our best mentor.

KẾT NỐI VỚI MÌNH TRÊN INSTAGRAM: @TTDUC95
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SOUNDCLOUD: https://soundcloud.com/duc-tran-22

## TRANSCRIPT E:
Alright this’s going to be a fun episode. It’s the first video that I speak English to my Vietnamese people - and heck, I’m not that ready to do this.

How can I talk to native English speakers with an accent. Will they judge?
By now you know that I’m not a native English speaker. I was born in Vietnam and only seriously learnt English in tenth grade or so. That’s why it’s naturally that I have an accent. It means that the way we talk is not as natural as native speakers do.

That’s why many of you DMed me and asked if people judge when you talk like this - or how I can talk confidently with an accent - I guess.

The answer is you - talk. Passionately. And don’t hold back.

But think about it. A lot of people say that they are not confident in speaking because they are afraid that people will judge them. They use it as an excuse to not learn English and speak in the first place.

Most people don’t even try. They keep thinking in their head that people will judge them. And they would never get better so they stop and they never learn.

So my friends, just talk. Talk passionately. Talk with all you have. There’s no how-to-talk tips or tricks. You just have to try. You just have to put yourself in the situation that you must talk. A lot. I guess that’s the secret. You must put yourself in situations that you must talk, a lot!

Let me give you a few examples.
Back in high school, I enrolled in this TOEFL class and every other day, the teacher would ask us to listen to tapes of conversations in English. I listened to them then write them down word, by word, by word. We literally use the cassette player because the teacher was kind of old-school cool that way. I had this big-ass SONY cassette player and every day I would tick … tick przz. Then in class, he would make round. Each of us will speak out loud, in front of the class each sentence.
But I knew that each session, I could only speak probably five or six times. That’s not enough. So I asked the teacher, if he could spent a few minutes each session to review a tape in which I pre-record all the conversations of that class.
That’s one way I did it. I put myself in the situation that I was held accountable by the teacher, that every session, I would submit my speaking cassette to him. And he was so kind to expect that and spend the time to help me. But here’s the thing, most people don’t ask. Most people don’t put in the work.

Another example,
All the years I was in college, each semester I would have a Math class with this specific professor that I like so much. But in the first period of my entire college life, he talked so fast with a lot of terminologies that I had no clues what they mean.
I was confused and overwhelmed so at the end of the period, I stayed and wanted to approach him to ask how I could do better. Would I be able to catch up with this class. And it took me seriously nearly five minutes just to go and talk to him because heck I was afraid that he would judge me, right?
But I forced myself to go talk to him and ask for his help. And he said I would be just fine. Go get this book and do some readings and he would help me as well.
The way he taught was so cool. He made each Math problem as an opportunity for students to present the solution in front the class. And guess what I did?
I knew that I would be shied. I knew that I was scared. I knew that I spoke terribly and I had an accent. I knew that I’m afraid that the whole class would judge because of my accent.
this. I’m still trying to get better. That’s why till this day, I record myself teaching something, speaking if not every day then every week.

You just have to talk. A lot. Every day.

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