【直通率(First Pass Yield, FPY)】如果按著字面上來直接解釋，就是一條腸子通到底的良率是多少的意思，也就是計算全製程第一次組裝就產出的良品率，這個良率應該不經任何的修飾，也就是不可包含任何的重工或修理的數據。
first pass yield 在 電子製造，工作狂人 Facebook 的最讚貼文
first pass yield 在 PanSci 科學新聞網 Facebook 的最佳解答
良率其實很難提升喔，#科科
有時候我們會在半導體相關的新聞裡聽到某某廠商的晶圓良率很好，或是良率不佳要進行提升。
「良率」兩個字聽上去就是越高越好啊，但是......它真能說升就升這麼簡單嗎？
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首先，讓我們聊聊「良率」的定義是什麼。
良率呢，簡單來說就=良品數 / 實際生産數，當然啦，如果良品數越高，能獲得的收益也會較高。
而當良率到達了一定的標準，才能夠穩定量產。
過去在判斷良品數時，曾使用肉眼判斷晶粒表面的缺陷，像是微粒、污染、變色或缺損等等，近年來，則有許多自動檢測系統協助確認品質。
對各大晶圓廠而言，如何同時把晶圓直徑越做越大、元件越做越小，同時還得維持一定的良率，正是它們必須面對的考驗。
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好啦，那讓我們開啟慣老闆模式，再問一次那關鍵的問題：啊是為什麼很難升？
這是因為電晶體實在是太、小、啦！
電晶體是奈米等級的東西，比你我體內的細胞都還要小上許多，更別說晶圓製造還須經過四大製程：薄膜、黃光、蝕刻、擴散。
在製造的過程中，但凡出現任何一絲絲雜質，都會影響產品良率。
這充滿變數的過程，需得過關斬將，拿「蝕刻」的部分來說好了，刻得太淺不行、刻得太深也不行，萬一出現了問題，可能要重新校準機具、調整原料，或是重寫蝕刻程式，實在有太多參數與方向可以進行調整。
總之，良率這項指標，如果可以更高，誰想要它低，但實踐起來可一點兒都不容易啊。
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參考資料：黃., Huang, C., 張., & Chang, Y. Edward (2009). 《針對半導體製程金屬層良率提昇研究》、維基百科《設備效率評價》、電子製造，工作狂人《直通率(First Pass Yield, FPY)是什麼？該如何計算》、張., Chang, Y., 彭., & Perng, D. (2008).《晶粒表面缺陷自動視覺檢測系統之設計與開發》
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延伸閱讀：
突破半導體材料限制新契機？二維材料自發磁異向性的新發現
https://pansci.asia/archives/flash/188422
積體電路不再漏電的明天？潛力股 MESO 讓電腦手機更小更快！
https://pansci.asia/archives/186154
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first pass yield 在 Milton Goh Blog and Sermon Notes Facebook 的最讚貼文
The Privilege of Being God’s Friend
“No longer do I call you servants, for the servant doesn’t know what his lord does. But I have called you friends, for everything that I heard from my Father, I have made known to you.” (John 15:15 WEB)
Did you know that Jesus calls you His friend? This means that you have access to confidential knowledge that is discussed in God’s sanctuary in Heaven.
You are a shareholder in God’s kingdom and have the right to sit in for the board meetings if you want to.
“and the Scripture was fulfilled which says, “Abraham believed God, and it was accounted to him as righteousness”; and he was called the friend of God.” (James 2:23 WEB)
Abraham is called a friend of God. When the Lord Yahweh was about to judge Sodom and Gomorrah for their sins, He first paid a visit to Abraham.
“Yahweh said, “Will I hide from Abraham what I do, since Abraham will surely become a great and mighty nation, and all the nations of the earth will be blessed in him?” (Genesis 18:17-18 WEB)
Yahweh told Abraham in advance about what He was planning to do.
When Jesus tells you about something that will happen in the future, it’s not just to satisfy your curiosity. He is actually inviting you to do something about it—to step in the gap and intercede. It’s a time to agree with God and say, “Yes, have Your way, Lord!”
Yahweh told Abraham so that he would intercede and ask for mercy. Too bad Abraham stopped at ten righteous people. He could have went down all the way to one, and the cities would be spared for righteous Lot’s sake.
“He said, “Oh don’t let the Lord be angry, and I will speak just once more. What if ten are found there?” He said, “I will not destroy it for the ten’s sake.” Yahweh went his way, as soon as he had finished communing with Abraham, and Abraham returned to his place.” (Genesis 18:32-33 WEB)
God moves when His people pray and agree for His will to be done on earth. He doesn’t bypass free will. It is a beautiful thing when man’s free will is used to agree with God.
Jesus is not done with all the good He wants to do here on earth. He is looking for intercessors who have a willing heart to pray and see His purposes come to pass. Will you yield the power of your tongue to serve Him?
If you can pray in tongues, just do that all day long. Your mind doesn’t even have to know all that God wants to do—sometimes the scale of what you’re praying for will freak you out if you knew! The Holy Spirit will just lead you to speak words of agreement with God’s will.
All over the world, believers who are praying in tongues are speaking God’s will into reality. Even though their minds don’t know what to pray for, they receive the utterances from the Holy Spirit and pray perfectly.
Praying believers are like gateways. Stairways connecting Heaven and earth. It is such a waste to be silent or to speak evil. You have such great authority and power in your spoken words. So much potential yet to be harnessed. Use it for good!
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