關於 federal emergency management agency ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

0129紐約時報

*【美國國土安全部報告稱美國面臨極端主義者威脅】
國土安全部本週首次公開表示，美國面臨來自「國內暴力極端分子」日益增長的威脅，這一威脅將因國會暴亂事件而變得更加肆無忌憚。知情人士稱，發出警告的原因在於，拜登就職典禮的和平推進可能會造成一種虛假的安全感。
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/27/us/politics/homeland-security-threat.html?

*【拜登政府外交政策展望：新國務卿稱將保持對中國強硬立場】
布林肯正式獲參議院確認，正在評估川普政府的外交政策。他表達了重新限制伊核計劃的強烈意願，打算保持對中國的強硬態度，謹慎強調對台灣的支持。
https://cn.nytimes.com/usa/20210128/blinken-state-department/

*【拜登在疫情下，重啟平價醫療法案】
拜登總統週四下令重新開放《平價醫療法案》的健康保險市場，以為被大流行經濟所扼殺的人們提供獲得覆蓋的新機會，他還採取措施恢復被其前任破壞的覆蓋範圍，包括保護那些預先存在的醫療狀況。
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/28/us/politics/biden-health-insurance.html

*【年底經濟疲弱，期待復甦】
新冠疫情重創美國經濟：2020年美國GDP萎縮3.5%，是自二戰以來最差的經濟表現。第四季度GDP增長4%，遠低於上一季度7.5%的創紀錄增幅。年末的低迷由消費支出不景氣造成，但房地產等其他領域的流動性幫助提振了低迷。不過，樂觀來看，經濟反彈仍強過多數預測者的預期。經濟學家估計，預計今年GDP可能恢復到大流行前的水平。
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/28/business/gdp-report-2020.html

*【交易限制逆轉了跌停反彈，激怒了新貴交易員】
在GameStop股價上漲135％之後的第二天，在線投資者團隊發起了挑戰華爾街霸主地位的任務，刺激了狂飆的上漲。緊追其後的股票交易應用Robinhood受到壓制。GameStop的股價幾乎立即暴跌，在90分鐘內下跌了75％。由於對市場不穩定的擔憂越來越普遍，Robinhood和其他在線經紀人對交易進行了限制，引起了小投資者的強烈抗議。
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/28/business/gamestop-robinhood.html

*【五角大樓可能派出現役部隊協助疫苗】
拜登政府正積極投入在各州疫苗的分發工作。聯邦緊急事務管理局（Federal Emergency Management Agency）希望最早能在下個月，在全國建立約100個疫苗接種點，週三晚上提出要求，希望五角大樓幫助支援這項工作，這些地點及其內部的軍事用途將需要州政府的批准。
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/28/us/politics/coronavirus-fema-pentagon-vaccines.html

*【報告指稱，紐約州嚴重低估療養院中的冠毒死亡情況】
紐約州檢察長Letitia James調查報告顯示，州衛生廳公開的數據低估了50%的療養院實際死於新冠人數，這等於是低估了上千名州養老院死亡人數。且許多療養院未能遵守關鍵的防疫政策要求。州府對此的解釋是，衛生廳並未將一些染疾後從療養院被轉移至醫院、並最終在醫院過世的人員數字計算在內。
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/28/nyregion/nursing-home-deaths-cuomo.html

*【Covid-19實時更新】
#Novavax是Operation Warp Speed的六種候選疫苗之一，目前已在英國，南非，美國和墨西哥進行試驗。最新證實在英國的15,000人試驗的早期分析顯示，這種兩劑疫苗的有效率接近90％。在南非進行的一次小型試驗中，有效率則降至近50％。
#紐約市長白思豪希望在6月之前為500萬紐約人接種疫苗。
#南卡羅來納州的衛生官員表示，發現了兩例在南非出現的冠狀病毒的更具傳染性的變體，這也是美國首件發現來自南非的變異病毒。
#世衛建議孕婦暫不要接種 Moderna 及輝瑞疫苗。
#美國華盛頓州Bellevue的一家醫院向約100名捐款人發送電子郵件，邀請他們優先註冊新冠疫苗接種，《西雅圖時報》報導曝光此事後，該醫院已就此事道歉。
#佛奇博士在視訊會議上對6000多名美國老師發表講話，他表示學生們需要回到教室，讓國家開始恢復正常。
#德國疫苗短缺可能還會持續10個星期。
#在菲律賓，食品藥品監督管理局於週四緊急批准了阿斯特捷利康疫苗的使用，稱該疫苗在兩次注射後的有效率為70％。
#日媒報導，受疫情影響，原定3月在東京舉行的韻律泳奧運資格賽推遲至5月。
https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/01/28/world/covid-19-coronavirus?type=styln-live-updates&label=coronavirus%20updates&index=0&action=click&module=Spotlight&pgtype=Homepage

*【困在城市的農民工：被新冠疫情毀掉的中國春節】
隨著疫情捲土重來，為減少人口流動，中國當局就春節返鄉宣布了繁瑣的隔離和自費檢測規定。對許多在大城市裡打工的農民來說，這些限制讓他們不可能回到老家，引發沮喪和憤怒。與此同時，為回應批評，部分地方政府出台了留人政策，包括紅包獎勵、在申請城市戶口時加分等。
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/28/world/asia/china-coronavirus-new-year.html

*【巴基斯坦釋放美國記者斬首案主要嫌犯】
該國最高法院週四下令釋放艾哈邁德·奧馬爾·謝赫，他曾被控是2002年綁架並殺害《華爾街日報》記者丹尼爾·珀爾的幕後主謀；珀爾當時正在調查武裝組織與基地組織的聯繫。謝赫是英國公民。專家表示，這顯示出巴基斯坦對恐怖主義起訴不力。
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/28/world/asia/daniel-pearl-pakistan.html

*【通用汽車稱，到2035年將只出售零排放汽車】
該汽車製造商表示，將逐步淘汰以石油為動力的汽車和卡車，只銷售尾氣排放為零的產品，在2040年實現碳中和。這是汽車行業最雄心勃勃的舉措之一，可能會給全球其他製造商帶來壓力，並對傳統加油站等相關行業造成衝擊。
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/28/business/gm-zero-emission-vehicles.html

*【美國家禽類類加工廠液氮洩漏致6人死亡】
當地政府表示，在喬治亞州Gainesville的一家食品加工廠內發現5人死亡，另有一人則是在送往醫院後搶救不治。這起事故引發了人們對工廠安全規程的嚴重質疑。
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/28/us/foundaiton-food-group-liquid-nitrogen-plant.html

*【專欄 | 美國製造：富人的社會主義，其他人的資本主義】
時報專欄作者湯瑪斯·佛里曼寫道，過去30年裡，美國依靠政府救助和赤字刺激經濟，最富有人群的財富增長了三倍多，底層的50%卻原地踏步。美國的制度正變得愈發脆弱。
https://cn.nytimes.com/opinion/20210128/us-capitalism-socialism/

*【俄羅斯法院裁定繼續對Aleksei A. Navalny還押候審】
Aleksei A. Navalny就下級法院認定其違反假釋規定而對其拘押提起上訴，但遭到駁回。通過影片連線出庭時，Navalny嘲笑這場訴訟受到政治驅動。就在幾天前，數萬人湧上俄羅斯各大城市的街頭，要求釋放這名反對派領袖。
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/28/world/europe/russia-aleksei-navalny-jail.html

0126紐約時報

*【聚焦美國政壇】
#美國眾議院25日將指控前總統川普在國會6日遭到致命攻擊前，對支持者發表煽動叛亂演說的彈劾文送交參議院，啟動對川普二度彈劾的審判。參院預料將在2月9日展開對川普彈劾案的審理，據《紐約時報》進行的一項調查發現，共有27名共和黨參議員表示反對起訴川普，16名共和黨人表示尚未決定，還有7名沒有回應。拜登總統接受CNN採訪時說，儘管他認為審判是必要的，但他不相信彈劾會通過。
#司法部對任何推翻選舉的努力展開調查。
#參議院確認葉倫為財政部長。
#拜登簽署行政命令，希望收緊“購買美國貨”的規定，此舉是對聯邦政府採購實施更嚴格的規定，增加購買美國製造產品，也是他實現競選時承諾要強化美國本土製造業的一步。
#最長任期的民主黨參議員Patrick Leahy將主持川普的彈劾案。
#賓夕法尼亞大道1600號的最新居民已經到達：拜登一家的兩隻德國牧羊犬，尚普和馬約。
#前總統川普擔任白宮新聞秘書的Sarah Huckabee Sanders星期一宣布，她要在自己的家鄉阿肯色州競選州長時，引起了一個問題，下一個是誰？
#拜登的財政部將尋求將Harriet Tubman置於20美元的鈔票上，先前川普政府制止了這一努力。
#由於該病毒，白宮正在擴大對歐洲和巴西的旅行禁令，現在又增加了南非。
#拜登推翻了川普的跨性別軍事禁令。
#美國前總統川普面對的第二次彈劾案加劇了共和黨內部分歧，也顯示民主黨下個月在參議院進行的彈劾案審訊將面臨艱巨挑戰。共和黨參議員羅姆尼首次投下了贊成票，他表示，總統犯下須彈劾的罪行，即使在他卸任後仍要審判他。
#聯邦官員建言，重啟前總統川普停滯的全面改革氣候政策，希望聯邦緊急事務管理局（Federal Emergency Management Agency）投入高達100億美元的資金，以預防氣候災害發生時的破壞。
#拜登總統目前面臨的最重要的國家安全問題之一，是如何應對中國對美國在太空中的軍事威脅。
https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/01/25/us/biden-trump-impeachment

*【拜登制定議案，禁止在聯邦土地上進行新的石油和天然氣鑽探】
兩位瞭解拜登計畫的人士表示，拜登總統將指示聯邦機構決定，禁止在聯邦土地上租賃新的石油和天然氣，這是一系列行政命令的一部分，將有效啟動他應對氣候變化的議程。
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/25/climate/biden-climate-change.html

*【拜登提高每日疫苗接種目標並延長旅行禁令】
在加快冠狀病毒疫苗接種的壓力下，拜登總統表示，現在的目標是美國每天接種150萬劑疫苗，這一目標比他最初的目標高出50%，但美國似乎已經有望實現。就在總統發表這番言論幾小時前，由於擔心南非的一種冠狀病毒變種在該國傳播，他禁止非公民從南非進入美國，並著手延長前任對來自巴西、歐洲和英國的旅行實施的類似禁令。
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/25/us/politics/biden-coronavirus-vaccinations.html

*【Covid-19實時更新】
#美國明尼蘇達州發現首個巴西變異病毒案例。
#加州公共衛生官員突然取消了實施數周的嚴格的留守令，州長紐森稱加州的疫情報告顯示，重症監護病房的壓力明顯減輕。
#莫德納和輝瑞稱其疫苗對英國和南非變種毒株有效。但這兩家製藥商也指出，它們的疫苗對南非變異病毒的保護作用略弱，這種毒株可能更擅長躲避血液中的抗體。此外，莫德納和另一家製藥公司BioNTech表示，已啟動針對變種病毒的疫苗開發。
#默沙東公司在臨床試驗中放棄了兩種疫苗開發。
#由於供應量不足，紐約市將推遲一些大規模疫苗接種地點的開放。
#阿斯特捷利康疫苗供貨問題，歐盟表示會協商解決。
#芝加哥學區和教師工會在重返課堂時陷入僵局。
#Google將其設施出租給疫苗診所。
https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/01/25/world/covid-19-coronavirus

*【「痛苦還在」：武漢封城一週年，來自親歷者的聲音】
武漢封城抗疫已過去一年，人們仍然在試圖理解新冠病毒對身體和情感的影響。六位親歷者向我們描述了他們如何在逆境中找到勇氣，在悲痛中保持冷靜，在混亂中找到意義。
https://cn.nytimes.com/china/20210125/wuhan-coronavirus/

*【中國疫苗在海外引發抵制】
北京的官員們曾希望國產疫苗能提升中國的全球聲譽，展示科學實力與慷慨手筆，但事與願違。由於供貨遲緩、數據披露零星且效果存疑，巴西、土耳其等訂購了中國疫苗的國家開始發出抱怨，新加坡和馬來西亞也不得不保證，只有證明疫苗有效才會批准使用。中國對國產疫苗的宣傳如今已進入守勢，官方媒體發起了一場針對美國疫苗的虛假宣傳，而國內疫情的捲土重來也對國產疫苗出口構成挑戰。
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/25/business/china-covid-19-vaccine-backlash.html

*【中國吉林通化副市長為封鎖期間居民斷糧道歉】
吉林通化擁有約200萬人口，上週發現近100宗感染病例後，所有居民被封鎖在家，不得出門。嚴格的限制似乎遏制了病毒傳播，但也引發廣泛抱怨。在居民湧向社群媒體發洩不滿、尋求幫助後，該市市長公開道歉，並稱已招募大量工作人員分發物資。不過，在中共黨報《人民日報》的微博下，仍有很多人持續表達不滿的聲音。其中一則熱門評論寫道：「之前拿老百姓不當人，什麼也不告訴，一晚上就把挨家挨戶都貼上封條。現在就拿基層人員和志願者不當人，一個晚上就讓把所有的菜品都要到達挨家挨戶。」週一，中國大陸共報告新增確診病例82例，其中本土病例69例，新增死亡病例一例，為吉林本土病例。
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/25/world/chinese-city-apologizes-over-food-shortages-during-lockdown-and-other-news-from-around-the-world.html

*【中印邊界再起衝突】
據印度軍方消息，數天前，中印軍隊在有爭議的喜馬拉雅邊界再次發生小規模衝突，有士兵受傷。具體細節尚不清楚。印度淡化了最新的衝突，中國更守口如瓶。北京試圖通過再次進入雙方都聲稱擁有主權的領土向印度施壓，兩國之間的緊張局勢仍在醞釀中。
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/25/world/asia/india-china-border.html?_ga=2.152894897.905509058.1611628129-1305779676.1608620621

*【義大利總理孔蒂宣布辭職，這可能導致該國再次陷入政治動盪】
此前，該國前總理倫齊領導的政黨因抗議孔蒂對新冠疫情的處理而退出現政府，使孔蒂在參議院失去絕對多數支持。義大利目前仍面臨嚴重的新冠疫情，已有8.5萬人死於大流行，是死亡人數最高的國家之一。與此同時，該國在疫苗接種上面臨停滯，並威脅將就疫苗劑量不足的問題起訴輝瑞公司。
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/25/world/europe/italy-government-conte.html

Breaking‼️

美東時間1月5日傍晚，川普以國家安全為由，用行政命令方式禁止阿里支付寶、微信支付、QQ錢包在內的8款中國應用程式（App)。

行政命令發佈後45天，禁止任何人與實體與這8款中國應用程式（App）進行交易。

按照日程，美國下任政府將在15天後，1月20日上任。

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美國商務部長在同一時間發聲明表示，已指示商務部按行政命令執行禁令，「支持川普總統保護美國人民隱私與安全，免於受到中國共產黨的威脅。」

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▫️8款App:

支付寶（Alipay）、掃描全能王(CamScanner)、QQ錢包（QQ Wallet）、茄子快傳（SHAREit）、騰訊QQ（Tencent QQ）、阿里巴巴旗下海外短視頻應用VMate、微信支付（WeChat Pay）和辦公型App WPS Office。

圖三：美國商務部聲明

圖四：美國國安顧問聲明
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▫️白宮行政命令全文：

The White House
Office of the Press Secretary
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
January 5, 2021
EXECUTIVE ORDER



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ADDRESSING THE THREAT POSED BY APPLICATIONS AND OTHER SOFTWARE DEVELOPED OR CONTROLLED BY CHINESE COMPANIES



By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) (IEEPA), the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), and section 301 of title 3, United States Code,

I, DONALD J. TRUMP, President of the United States of America, find that additional steps must be taken to deal with the national emergency with respect to the information and communications technology and services supply chain declared in Executive Order 13873 of May 15, 2019 (Securing the Information and Communications Technology and Services Supply Chain). Specifically, the pace and pervasiveness of the spread in the United States of certain connected mobile and desktop applications and other software developed or controlled by persons in the People's Republic of China, to include Hong Kong and Macau (China), continue to threaten the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States. At this time, action must be taken to address the threat posed by these Chinese connected software applications.

By accessing personal electronic devices such as smartphones, tablets, and computers, Chinese connected software applications can access and capture vast swaths of information from users, including sensitive personally identifiable information and private information. This data collection threatens to provide the Government of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) with access to Americans' personal and proprietary information -- which would permit China to track the locations of Federal employees and contractors, and build dossiers of personal information.

The continuing activity of the PRC and the CCP to steal or otherwise obtain United States persons' data makes clear that there is an intent to use bulk data collection to advance China's economic and national security agenda. For example, the 2014 cyber intrusions of the Office of Personnel Management of security clearance records of more than 21 million people were orchestrated by Chinese agents. In 2015, a Chinese hacking group breached the United States health insurance company Anthem, affecting more than 78 million Americans. And the Department of Justice indicted members of the Chinese military for the 2017 Equifax cyber intrusion that compromised the personal information of almost half of all Americans.

In light of these risks, many executive departments and agencies (agencies) have prohibited the use of Chinese connected software applications and other dangerous software on Federal Government computers and mobile phones. These prohibitions, however, are not enough given the nature of the threat from Chinese connected software applications. In fact, the Government of India has banned the use of more than 200 Chinese connected software applications throughout the country; in a statement, India's Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology asserted that the applications were "stealing and surreptitiously transmitting users' data in an unauthorized manner to servers which have locations outside India."

The United States has assessed that a number of Chinese connected software applications automatically capture vast swaths of information from millions of users in the United States, including sensitive personally identifiable information and private information, which would allow the PRC and CCP access to Americans' personal and proprietary information.

The United States must take aggressive action against those who develop or control Chinese connected software applications to protect our national security.

Accordingly, I hereby order:

Section 1. (a) The following actions shall be prohibited beginning 45 days after the date of this order, to the extent permitted under applicable law: any transaction by any person, or with respect to any property, subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, with persons that develop or control the following Chinese connected software applications, or with their subsidiaries, as those transactions and persons are identified by the Secretary of Commerce (Secretary) under subsection (e) of this section: Alipay, CamScanner, QQ Wallet, SHAREit, Tencent QQ, VMate, WeChat Pay, and WPS Office.

(b) The Secretary is directed to continue to evaluate Chinese connected software applications that may pose an unacceptable risk to the national security, foreign policy, or economy of the United States, and to take appropriate action in accordance with Executive Order 13873.

(c) Not later than 45 days after the date of this order, the Secretary, in consultation with the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence, shall provide a report to the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs with recommendations to prevent the sale or transfer of United States user data to, or access of such data by, foreign adversaries, including through the establishment of regulations and policies to identify, control, and license the export of such data.

(d) The prohibitions in subsection (a) of this section apply except to the extent provided by statutes, or in regulations, orders, directives, or licenses that may be issued pursuant to this order, and notwithstanding any contract entered into or any license or permit granted before the date of this order.

(e) Not earlier than 45 days after the date of this order, the Secretary shall identify the transactions and persons that develop or control the Chinese connected software applications subject to subsection (a) of this section.

Sec. 2. (a) Any transaction by a United States person or within the United States that evades or avoids, has the purpose of evading or avoiding, causes a violation of, or attempts to violate the prohibition set forth in this order is prohibited.

(b) Any conspiracy formed to violate any of the prohibitions set forth in this order is prohibited.

Sec. 3. For the purposes of this order:

(a) the term "connected software application" means software, a software program, or group of software programs, designed to be used by an end user on an end-point computing device and designed to collect, process, or transmit data via the Internet as an integral part of its functionality.

(b) the term "entity" means a government or instrumentality of such government, partnership, association, trust, joint venture, corporation, group, subgroup, or other organization, including an international organization;

(c) the term "person" means an individual or entity;

(d) the term "personally identifiable information" (PII) is information that, when used alone or with other relevant data, can identify an individual. PII may contain direct identifiers (e.g., passport information) that can identify a person uniquely, or quasi-identifiers (e.g., race) that can be combined with other quasi-identifiers (e.g., date of birth) to successfully recognize an individual.

(e) the term "United States person" means any United States citizen, permanent resident alien, entity organized under the laws of the United States or any jurisdiction within the United States (including foreign branches), or any person in the United States.

Sec. 4. (a) The Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury and the Attorney General, is hereby authorized to take such actions, including adopting rules and regulations, and to employ all powers granted to me by IEEPA, as may be necessary to implement this order. All agencies shall take all appropriate measures within their authority to implement this order.

(b) The heads of agencies shall provide, in their discretion and to the extent permitted by law, such resources, information, and assistance to the Department of Commerce as required to implement this order, including the assignment of staff to the Department of Commerce to perform the duties described in this order.

Sec. 5. Severability. If any provision of this order, or the application of any provision to any person or circumstance, is held to be invalid, the remainder of this order and the application of its other provisions to any other persons or circumstances shall not be affected thereby.

Sec. 6. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department, agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.



DONALD J. TRUMP



THE WHITE HOUSE,

January 5, 2021.