關於 elevation map ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

Last Sunday, the wifey and I went for our first hike of 2021 and it was truly a S.A.D. because it was the last day of the school holidays and the kids got the day off! 😆 So it was just the two of us and we decided to explore the north portion of the Green Corridor.

We started our hike from Hillview MRT and made our way toward the Hillview Park condo. There’s a short trail running beside it which leads to the proper Green Corridor trail and once we got on it, the sight that greeted us was simply beautiful. Trees lined each side of the trail and they leaned towards each other in the middle to form a picturesque arch. Simply lovely! No surprise then we dallied here a fair bit to take loads of photos. (Not having the kids with us helped too) 😂

The entire route runs alongside Upper Bt Timah Road on the right, and MINDEF on the left. Surprisingly, there were practically nobody walking this route while we were there. Perhaps everyone was at the more popular Old Bt Timah Railway Station section. 😅 But this stretch is worth a hike for the lush greenery and peaceful surroundings. We ended our hike at Junction 10 (Choa Chu Kang Road) and the total distance covered was 1.8km. So it’s entirely doable for young kids too as it’s a linear route with no elevation or extremely muddy paths. Click on the last photo for the detailed map! 😊

BEAST VIRTUAL CHALLENGE
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📡https://beast.run/VC/
🗺️ Interactive map
⛰️ Each course map + elevation profile
🚫 rules
⌚ GPX to download
📝 registration (from TBT2020 transfer, for public coming soon)
📤 SUBMIT of ATTEMPT with GPX
📑 recent attempts overview
❤️ PATRONS of VC - THANKS for lucky draw ❤️
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What Are Ground Control Points (GCPs) and How Do I Use Them?
A Guide to Using Ground Control Points with Drone Mapping Software
If you work with drone mapping software, you’ve no doubt heard talk of ground control points (GCPs). Used often in the surveying industry, as well as in virtual design and construction, GCPs greatly increase the global accuracy of drone maps. Although they are not necessary in every situation, GCPs are a vital tool for precision mapping. But what exactly are ground control points? And how do you go about using them correctly?

To help crack the code on ground control points, we’ve put together this short guide to using GCPs with drone mapping software.

What Are Ground Control Points?
So what exactly are ground control points? Ground control points are large marked targets on the ground, spaced strategically throughout your area of interest. If you use ground control points with your aerial map, you first need to determine the RTK GPS coordinates at the center of each. (We’ll explain how to do this a little later.) The ground control points and their coordinates are then used to help drone mapping software accurately position your map in relation to the real world around it.

It might be helpful to think of your GCPs as a series of thumbtacks placed on your drone map. Because the drone mapping software knows the exact location of each of these “thumbtacks”, it can reference their locations when it matches up all of the other points on the map.
When and Why Are GCPs Important?
When used correctly, ground control points greatly improve the global accuracy of your drone map. That is to say, they help ensure that the latitude and longitude of any point on your map corresponds accurately with actual GPS coordinates. This is important in situations where precision mapping and true global accuracy are needed. As we mentioned above, surveying companies generally use GCPs, because a high level of global accuracy is important in most of the work that they do. Virtual design and construction is another sector that often requires this level of precision drone mapping.

Landpoint, a surveying company based in Louisiana, uses ground control points when creating drone maps used for topographical surveying. Using GCPs on an 85-acre map, their team conducted an accurate aerial survey, saving over 80 man hours compared to traditional land survey methods.

Each drone mapping project is unique, and not all projects require a high level of global accuracy. Because of this, it is important to assess each project individually before you decide to take the extra step of using GCPs. But generally speaking, projects like geo-referenced overlays, design documents and land title surveys benefit from the use of ground control points. In an upcoming post, we’ll take a deeper look at which types of projects are best suited for using GCPs.

How to Construct a Ground Control Point
There is no one right way to make a ground control point. One important thing to remember is that the GCP must be easily visible in your aerial imagery. This is achieved by using high-contrast colors and by making sure the ground control point is large enough to be seen from your particular flight altitude. We generally recommend flying at 300 feet with a frontlap and sidelap of 70/75 when using ground control points. Keep in mind that this may change dependent upon the area you are mapping. Learn more by reading our recent post about mapping accuracy and reviewing our GCP support documents.

A number of companies do sell pre-made, portable ground control points. However, many drone users simply fashion their own.
This well constructed GCP was spray painted onto the concrete using a stencil. Notice that the marker is large enough to be visible from far away. A center mark helps eliminate any confusion as to where the center point is located.

If you’re unable to mark GCPs with paint, there are a variety of low-cost ways to make markers with items available from any local hardware store. The weather-resistant rubber and vinyl markers seen above end up costing about $5 each and are very durable.

Measuring the Location of Your GCPs
As we mentioned above, it is important to measure the GPS coordinates at the center of each ground control point. To do this, you need either a Real Time Kinematic (RTK) or Post Processing Kinematic (PPK) GPS receiver. Trimble and Leica products are commonly used for high-accuracy GPS measurements. New, lower-cost alternatives have recently come onto the market as well. Hiring a surveyor to measure the location of your ground control points is also an option.

Do not use a phone or tablet to measure the location of your ground control points. The accuracy of these devices is very similar to that of a drone’s onboard GPS system and will not deliver precise results. Instead, use one of the previous methods listed above, such as an RTK or PPK GPS receiver.

Best Practices for Using Ground Control Points with Drone Mapping Software
Of course, if you use ground control points with drone mapping software, it is important to use them correctly. Follow these best practices to help ensure your GCPs serve their intended purpose and improve the accuracy of your map.

Use a minimum of 4 large GCPs: DroneDeploy requires a minimum of 4 ground control points. Each should measure at least four feet. No more than 10 are usually needed for larger maps.

Evenly distribute your GCPs on the ground: For most maps of moderate size, we recommend 5 GCPs, one located near each corner and one located in the center, as pictured above. Also, make sure GCPs are spaced far enough apart, to avoid confusion. As a general rule, if you can see more than one GCP in an image, they are too close together.

Create a buffer zone around your map’s perimeter: We recommend a buffer zone between the edges of your map and any ground control points. This ensures there is enough image coverage to carry out reprocessing. The size of your buffer zone should be somewhere between 50–100 feet, depending on the overlap of your flight. A higher overlap produces more images and generally requires less buffer zone.

Be aware of elevation changes: If the area being mapped has noticeable elevation changes like hills, mines and valleys, make sure to place at least one ground control point on each of the different major elevations.

Make sure your GCPs are unobstructed: Visual obstructions like overhangs, snow, shade or glare make ground control points difficult to identify on your drone map.

Know Your EPSG code: Before processing your map in DroneDeploy, you must enter the EPSG code that relates to your GPS measurements. Choose your EPSG code by modifying the settings of your GPS measurement device. In most cases, we recommend using WGS84 (EPSG: 4326).

FORMOSA TRAIL 福爾摩沙古
main loop with my wife Eva Lobo. This course is maintained by Petr Novotny and @Beast Runners 跑山獸 since 2015 for Formosa Trail trail running event. This main circle is 22km long with significant elevation gain of 1700m. Average trail runner need 6 hours as we did, however average hiker should count with 10 hours.


This course is mid-altitude mountains on east from Puli 埔里. Course is beautiful with pleasant forest and several views. Even during hot summer day temperature in this forest is nice. All course is single track with several challenging parts, last 6km are downhill on concrete road.

Formosa Trail 福爾摩沙古
event is held every year last weekend of November and runners participate in 16, 40, 75 and 104km with start in Solas Hotel 天泉溫泉水 on Liyutan lake 鯉魚潭. Formosa Trail is very popular trail running event among overseas runners from Japan and Hong Kong.

If you go explore never forget to have GPS (with uploaded GPX) and all equipment and food and water for whole day.
Map (can download GPX): https://en.mapy.cz/s/jarobazazu

Course descripton:
青山橋 (600m)
板仔寮 1380m
舊武界越山 1668m
武界越山主峰1524m
武界越山南峰 1575m
獅凸魯山 1587m
武界山 1500m

additional mountains nearby:
界越山 1507m
橫屏山西峰 1442m

Formosa Trail: http://www.formosatrail.com/
Beast Runners 跑山獸 : https://beast.run/shop
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Music from Uppbeat (free for Creators!):
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License code: DUTO6D1RTPCSQTNN

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