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「Pretty」の様々な用法
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皆さんは「Pretty」と言えば何が頭に思い浮かびますか?おそらく多くの人は「可愛い」が真っ先に思いつくのではないでしょうか?勿論、間違いではありませんが、ネイティブの日常会話ではこの「Pretty」という単語、その他にも色々な状況で使われていますのでご紹介しようと思います。
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1) She is pretty.
→「彼女は可愛いですね」
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整った顔立ちの女性や、可愛いらしい女の子を表す際によく使われる表現です。大人の女性に対して使うこともできますが、幼い可愛らしさの意味合いが含まれることから、どちらかと言えば若い女性(10代〜20代前半)に対してよく使われます。
✔“Beautiful”も同じような意味ですが、“Beautiful”は「綺麗な大人の女性」の意味合いが強く、外見に限らず中身が美しい人や知的美人など、内面からの美しさが滲み出ている人のことを指す。綺麗さで言えば“Pretty”よりも“Beautiful”の方が上。
<例文>
Your daughter is so pretty!
(あなたの娘さんはとても可愛いですね。)
I think she's pretty but she's so stuck up!
(彼女は確かに綺麗やねんけど、めっちゃ生意気やねんな〜。)
That dress looks great on you. You look so pretty!
(そのドレス似合っているね。すごく綺麗っ!)
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2) That's a pretty necklace.
→「素敵なネックレスですね」
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洋服やヘアースタイル、絵画から景色まで、目に入ってくるものが「素敵だね」と褒める場合によく使われるフレーズです。また、響きのいい名前の人に「That's a pretty name.(素敵な名前だね)」と言うように、視覚的要因以外に対しても使うことが出来ます。
✔一般的に女性が使う表現。
<例文>
Your scarf is so pretty! Where did you get it?
(素敵なマフラーだね。どこで買ったの?)
The sunset is so pretty! Let's take a picture.
(綺麗な夕焼けだね。写真撮ろうよ。)
This song is so pretty. Do you know who sings this song?
(ええ曲やな〜。歌ってるのは誰なん?)
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3) It's pretty cold today.
→「今日は結構寒いですね」
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この用法はネイティブの日常会話で最も頻繁に使われます。意味は“Very”とよく似ていますが、“Pretty”は“Very”よりワンランク下と覚えたら分かりやすいかと。例えば、「今日はとても寒いですね」は「It's very cold.」になりますが、「今日は結構寒いですね」は「It's pretty cold.」になります。また、「思っていたより〜だ」というニュアンスも含まれ、「It's pretty cold here.」と言うと「ここは思っていたより寒いね」という驚きの感情を表します。
<例文>
This curry is a little spicy but it's pretty good.
(このカレーちょっと辛いけど、なかなか美味しいね。)
That test was pretty hard. I thought it was going to be easy.
(あのテスト想像以上に難しかったわ〜。もっと簡単やおもてたわ・・・)
San Francisco is pretty far away. It's about a 6 hour drive.
(サンフランシスコは結構遠いよ。車で6時間くらいかかるからね。)
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4) I'm pretty good.
→「元気だよ・まあままだね」
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「How are you?」に対する返事の定番フレーズです。“Pretty good”は捉え方次第で「元気」と「まあまあ」の両方の意味を成します。ポイントは口調にあり、元気よく言えば「調子がいい」になりますが、元気のない声で言うと「まあまあ」になります。また“Pretty good”だと思う対象は、人の調子やコンディションに限らず、様々な状況で使うことが出来ます。
<例文>
It's pretty good. I've had better pizza.
(まあまあだね。もっと美味しいピザを食べたことあるけど。)
It was a pretty good movie. The ending was anticlimactic though.
(あっけない結末やったけど、ま〜ぼちぼちおもろい映画やったで。)
I'm pretty good at basketball. I played 4 years in high school.
(バスケはそこそこ上手だよ。高校の時に4年間やっていたからね。)
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5) I'm pretty much done.
→「大体終わりました」
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“Pretty much”は「大体」「ほとんど」「ほぼ」などを意味し、日常会話では“Almost”の代わりによく使われる口語的な表現です。しかし“Pretty much”は“Almost”より完成や終わりに近いニュアンスがあります。
<例文>
I can pretty much eat anything.
(大体何でも食べれんで。)
That's pretty much it. Does anyone have any questions?
(大体そんなところです。何か質問はありますか?)
I pretty much study English every night.
(ほぼ毎晩、英語の勉強をしています。)
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10 CẤU TRÚC NHẤT ĐỊNH PHẢI BIẾT!
1. S + V+ too + adj/adv + (for someone) + to do something (quá....để cho ai làm gì...)
E.g.1:
This structure is too easy for you to remember.
He ran too fast for me to follow.
2. S + V + so + adj/ adv + that +S + V (quá... đến nỗi mà...)
E.g.1:
This box is so heavy that I cannot take it.
He speaks so soft that we can’t hear anything.
3. It + V + such + (a/an) + N(s) + that + S +V (quá... đến nỗi mà...)
E.g: It is such a heavy box that I cannot take it.
It is such interesting books that I cannot ignore them at all.
4. S + V + adj/ adv + enough + (for someone) + to do something. (Đủ... cho ai đó làm gì...)
E.g:
She is old enough to get married.
They are intelligent enough for me to teach them English.
5. Have/ get + something + done (VpII) (nhờ ai hoặc thuê ai làm gì...)
E.g:
I had my hair cut yesterday.
I’d like to have my shoes repaired.
6. It + be + time + S + V (-ed, cột 2) / It’s +time +for someone +to do something (đã đến lúc ai đó phải làm gì...)
E.g:
It is time you had a shower.
It’s time for me to ask all of you for this question.
7. It + takes/took+ someone + amount of time + to do something (làm gì... mất bao nhiêu thời gian...)
E.g:
It takes me 5 minutes to get to school.
It took him 10 minutes to do this exercise yesterday.
8. To prevent/stop + someone/something + From + V-ing (ngăn cản ai/cái gì... không làm gì..)
E.g:
I can’t prevent him from smoking
I can’t stop her from tearing
9. S + find+ it+ adj to do something (thấy ... để làm gì...)
E.g:
I find it very difficult to learn about English.
They found it easy to overcome that problem.
10. To prefer + Noun/ V-ing + to + N/ V-ing. (Thích cái gì/làm gì hơn cái gì/ làm gì)
E.g:
I prefer dog to cat.
I prefer reading books to watching TV.
-> Xem thêm cấu trúc câu hay nữa ở đây: https://bit.ly/2WxsK7E
-----
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BILINGUAL: 中文 CHINESE 00:00|英文 ENGLISH 29:32
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《星宿》歌曲收聽:https://youtu.be/sqohlQXoQBk
✨
“How do I be good with people?” It’s never easy, but such an important issue that we run into over and over again.
Sharing my story about how I overcame my shyness and introvert, dealt with bullying in high school, and a few tips on how I learned to make meaningful and long-lasting friendships.
Hope this episode encourages you if you’re also dealing with any kind of friendship or relationship problem. Remember to believe in yourself. Reach out and don’t hesitate to ask for support. You got this!
**Song at the end: 星宿 (Starry Night): https://youtu.be/sqohlQXoQBk
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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