「千古罪人」同Sir Malcolm Rifkind嘅國際級文宣!
由前港督Lord Patten of Barnes同前英國外交大臣Hon Sir Malcolm Rifkind發起嘅國際聯署聲明,一個星期內由廿幾個國家嘅201個議員,依家聯署議員人數去到50國家728個議會政界人士!最壯觀不外乎係日本,不過唔該留意下嗰啲小國,例如科索沃、阿爾巴尼亞、立陶宛、斯洛伐克、緬甸等等小國,哪怕佢地得一兩個代表支持,但係以前人地國家出現問題,自問大家何曾理會過?睇完新聞下一秒就已經「哦,邊度黎㗎?」,然後食買玩揾錢唔記得...依家人地反而出黎支持...喂!簽個名有政治代價㗎,唔係應份!(本人自己都覺得有些少羞恥)
5月23號開始國際報導有19個國家(EU27國當一個)201位
5月26號30個國家284位
5月27號33個國家457位
5月28號33個國家659位
5月29號36個國家728位
肥彭見到之後表示:
"The statement shows growing and widespread international outrage at the decision by the Chinese government to unilaterally impose national security legislation in Hong Kong. The breadth of support, which spans all political parties and four continents, reflects both the severity of the situation and ongoing unified international support for the principle of one-country, two-systems."
(呢個聲明嘅簽署人數增長同國際上擴闊嘅速度,代表全世界都對中國單方面响香港行使國安法嘅不滿程度不斷增加。咁多地區同國家嘅跨黨派政界人士支持,就了解到情況有幾嚴重,同時代表國際幾咁支持香港維持「一國兩制」。)
仍然都係嗰句,728呢個唔係數字,除咗代表咗呢兩個廢國銀髮「舊電池」嘅外交文宣實力,亦表示全世界有咁多國家同地區嘅政界同民選議員,背負住佢地嘅選民支持香港(班「暴徒」)。請無知的Haters、Doubters、負能樣唔好再用簡單易分法將一個國家當係黃藍店或者偽人,剩係得「奶」同「唔奶」!因為佢地都係有名有姓,為咗尊重,係需要再重新列多次,今次長三倍!
廢國下議院議員:
Debbie Abrahams MP, former Shadow Secretary of State for Work and Pensions
Gareth Bacon MP
Andrew Bowie MP
Andrew Bridgen MP
Anthony Browne MP
Fiona Bruce MP, Chair of the Conservative Party Human Rights Commission
Chris Bryant MP, Member of the UK Foreign Affairs Committee
Alistair Carmichael MP, Liberal Democrats Foreign Affairs Spokesman
Wendy Chamberlain MP
Sarah Champion MP, Chair of the International Development Committee
Daisy Cooper MP
Neil Coyle MP, Member of the Foreign Affairs Committee
Rt. Hon Ed Davey MP, Leader of the Liberal Democrats and former Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change
Geraint Davies MP
Dr James Davies MP
Dehenna Davison MP
Martyn Day MP
Dave Doogan MP
Peter Dowd MP, former Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury
Tim Farron MP, former Leader of the Liberal Democrats
Simon Fell MP
Marion Fellows, MP
Rt. Hon Liam Fox MP, former Defence Secretary and International Trade Secretary
Rt. Hon Damian Green MP, former Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for the Cabinet Office
Jonathan Gullis MP
Andrew Gwynne MP, former Shadow Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government
Antony Higginbotham MP
Wera Hobhouse MP
Kevin Hollinrake MP
Christine Jardine MP
Imran Khan MP
Daniel Kawczynski MP
Chris Law MP, SNP Spokesperson for International Development
Caroline Lucas MP
Craig Mackinlay MP
Paul Maynard MP
Jason McCartney MP
Stewart M McDonald MP, Member of the UK Foreign Affairs Committee
Anne McLaughlin MP
Gagan Mohindra MP
Carol Monaghan MP
Layla Moran MP
Kieran Mullen MP
Caroline Nokes MP
Sarah Olney MP
Tom Randall MP
Rob Roberts MP
Andrew Rosindell MP, Member of the UK Foreign Affairs Committee
Bob Seely MP, Member of the UK Foreign Affairs Committee
Andrew Selous MP
Virendra Sharma MP
Henry Smith MP, Member of the UK Foreign Affairs Committee
Rt.Hon Sir Iain Duncan Smith MP, former Secretary of State for Work andPensions and Leader of the Conservative Party
Alyn Smith MP, SNP spokesman for International Affairs
Jamie Stone MP
Rt. Hon Stephen Timms MP, Chair of the Work and Pensions Select Committee
Tom Tugendhat MP, Chair of the Foreign Affairs Select Committee
Jamie Wallis MP
James Wild MP
Craig Williams MP
Munira Wilson MP
廢國上議院議員:
Rt. Hon Lord Addington
Rt. Hon Lord Alderdice, former President of Liberal International
Lord Alton of Liverpool
Rt. Hon. Lord Adonis
Rt. Hon Lord Arbuthnot of Edrom
Rt. Revd Nicholas Baines, Bishop of Leeds
Baroness Bakewell of Hardington Mandeville
Rt. Hon Lord Balfe
Rt. Hon Baroness Barker
Baroness Bennett of Manor Castle, former Leader of the Green Party
Lord Blackheath
Rt. Hon Baroness Blackstone
Rt. Hon Baroness Boothroyd of Sandwell, former Speaker of the House of Commons
Baroness Bonham-Carter of Yarnbury
Lord Bowness
Rt. Hon Lord Boyle, Earl of Cork and Orrery
Baroness Burt of Solihull
Rt. Hon. Lord Campbell of Pittenweem QC, former leader of the Liberal Democrats
Rt. Hon Baroness Chalker of Wallasey
Lord Craig of Radley, former Chief of the Defence Staff
The Lord Bishop of Coventry
Baroness Cox of Queensbury
Rt. Hon Baroness D’Souza, former Lord Speaker
Rt. Hon Lord Dholakia OBE
Rt. Hon Lord Dubs
Lord Foster of Bath
Rt. Hon Baroness Falkner of Margravine
Rt. Hon Lord Fox
Rt. Hon Baroness Garden of Frognal
Lord German
Lord Gilbert of Panteg
The Earl of Glasgow
Rt. Hon Lord Goldsmith of Allerton, former Attorney General
Rt. Hon Lord Hain of Neath, former Secretary of State for Work and Pensions and Northern Ireland
Baroness Hamwee
Lord Hannay of Chiswick, former UK Ambassador to the United Nations
Baroness Harris of Richmond, Deputy Speaker of the House of Lords
Lord Hogan-Howe of Sheffield, former Metropolitan Police Commissioner
Rt. Hon Lord Howard of Lympne, former Home Secretary and Leader of the Conservative Party
Baroness Humphreys
Rt. Hon Lord Hunt of Kings Heath
Rt. Hon Lord Hylton
Baroness Janke
Rt Hon. Baroness Jolly
Lord Jones of Cheltenham
Baroness Kennedy QC of the Shaws
Rt. Hon Lord King of Bridgewater, former Defence Secretary and Northern Ireland Secretary
Rt. Hon Lord Kinnock, former Leader of the Labour Party and Vice-President of the European Commission
Lord Kirkharle of Curry
Rt Hon. Baroness Kramer
Rt. Hon. Lord Levy, former special envoy to the Middle East
Rt. Hon Baroness Lister of Burtersett
Lord Lucas
Baroness Ludford
Lord Marks of Henley-on-Thames
Rt. Hon Lord Murphy of Torfaen
Lord Newby, Leader of the Liberal Democrats in the House of Lords
Rt Hon. Baroness Northover
Lord Oates
Lord Palmer of Childs Hill
Baroness Pinnock
Lord Pendry of Stalybridge, Middleweight Colonial boxing champion, Hong Kong 1957
Lord Purvis of Tweed
Lord Razzall
Lord Rennard
Lord Ricketts, former Permanent Secretary at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and former Chairman of the Joint Intelligence Committee
Lord Scriven
Lord Sharkey
Lord Shipley
Rt. Hon Lord Shutt of Greetland
Baroness Smith of Newnham
Rt. Hon Baroness Stern
Lord Strasburger
Baroness Stroud
Rt. Hon Baroness Suttie
Rt. Hon Lord Swinfen
Baroness Thomas of Winchester
Baroness Thornhill MBE
Lord Tope
Lord Trees
Rt. Hon Viscount Trenchard
Rt. Hon Lord Tugendhat, Former Vice-President of the European Commission
Baroness Tyler of Enfield
Lord Wallace of Saltaire
Lord Wallace of Tankerness, former Deputy First Minister of Scotland
Baroness Walmsley
Rt. Hon and Rt. Revd Lord Williams of Oystermouth, former Archbishop of Canterbury
Lord Willoughby de Broke
Lord Wood of Anfield
Lord Wrigglesworth
蘇格蘭議員:
Ruth Davidson MSP, former leader of the Scottish Conservative Party
Ross Greer MSP, Scottish Green External Affairs Spokesperson
威爾斯議會議員:
Angela Burns MS
Andrew RT Davies MS
Paul Davies MS
Mark Isherwood MS
Caroline Jones MS
Mandy Jones MS
Darren Millar MS
Mark Reckless MS
David Rowlands MS
廢國其他人士:
Bill Browder
廢國前議員:
Rt. Hon John Bercow, former Speaker of the House of Commons and former MP
Rt. Hon David Miliband, former Foreign Secretary and MP
Rt. Hon Rory Stewart, former Secretary of State for International Development and former MP
Rt. Hon Jack Straw, former Foreign Secretary, Home Secretary, and Justice Secretary and former MP
廢國前駐美帝大使:
Sir David Manning, former UK Ambassador to the United States of America
宗教領袖:
Dr Desmond Biddulph CBE, President The Buddhist Society
Fr Timothy Radcliffe, former Master of the Dominican Order Worldwide
美帝參議員:
Senator Benjamin L Cardin, Ranking Member of the Senate Small Business Committee
Senator Ted Cruz, Member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee
Senator Josh Hawley
Senator Edward J Markey, Ranking Member of the Subcommittee on East Asia, the Pacific, and International Cybersecurity Policy
Senator Robert Menendez, Ranking Member, Senate Foreign Relations Committee
Senator Marco Rubio, Acting Chair of the Senate Intelligence Committee
美帝眾議院議員:
Congressman Robert B Aderholt
Congressman Ami Bera, Chairman of the Subcommittee on Asia, the Pacific, and Non-proliferation, House Foreign Affairs Committee
Congressman Eliot L Engel, Chairman of US House of Representatives Committee on Foreign Affairs
Congressman Mike Gallagher
Congressman Vicky Hartzler
Congressman Michael T McCaul, ranking member of US House of Representatives Committee on Foreign Affairs
Congressman James McGovern, co-chair of the Congressional Executive Commission on China
Congressman Adam B Schiff, Chairman of the US House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence
Congressman Adam Smith, Chairman of US House of Representatives Committee on Armed Services
Congressman Christopher Smith, former Chair of the House Veterans' Affairs Committee
Congressman Tom Suozzi
Congressman Ted Yoho, ranking member of the Subcommittee on Asia, the Pacific, and Non-proliferation, US House of Representatives Committee on Foreign Affairs
Frank Wolf, Member of Congress 1981-2014 (retired)
美帝前外交官:
Derek Mitchell, President of the National Democratic Institute and former Ambassador to Burma
Samantha Power, former USA Ambassador to the United Nations
Grover Joseph Rees, former USA Ambassador to East Timor
美帝人權及學術界:
Professor Jerome A. Cohen, Professor of law at New York University School of Law, founding director of its US-Asia Law Institute and adjunct senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations
Garry Kasparov, Chairman of Human Rights Foundation
Daniel Twining, President of the International Republican Institute
歐盟議會議員:
Alviina Alamesta MEP (Greens, Finland)
Francois Alfonsi MEP (Greens, Germany)
Gerolf Annemans MEP (Identity and Democracy Group, Belgium)
Margrete Auken MEP (Greens, Denmark)
Petras Austrevicuis MEP (Renew Europe, Lithuania)
Malik Azmani MEP, (Renew Europe, Netherlands), First-Vice Chair of Renew Europe Group
Jose Ramon Bauza Diaz MEP (Renew Europe, Spain)
Francois-Xavier Bellamy MEP (European People’s Party, France)
Vladimír Bilčík MEP (European People’s Party, Slovakia)
Benoit Biteau MEP (Greens, France)
Malin Björk MEP (European United Left - Nordic Green Left, Sweden)
Michael Bloss MEP (Greens, Germany)
Damian Boeselager MEP (Greens, Germany)
Geert Bourgeois MEP (European Conservatives and Reformists, Belgium)
Reinhard Buetikofer MEP (Greens, Germany)
Damien Careme MEP (Greens, France)
Anna Cavazzini MEP (Greens, Germany)
Olivier Chastel MEP (Renew Europe, Belgium)
David Cormand MEP (Greens, France)
Katalin Cseh MEP (Renew Europe, Hungary)
Ciaran Cuffe MEP (Greens, Ireland)
Gwendoline Delbos-Corfield MEP (Greens, France)
Karima Delli MEP (Greens, France)
Pascal Durand MEP (Renew Europe, France)
Bas Eickhout MEP (Vice-Chair Greens, Netherlands)
Engin Eroglu MEP (Renew Europe, Germany)
Anna Fotyga MEP, (European Conservatives & Reformists) Poland former Foreign Secretary of Poland
Daniel Freund MEP (Greens, Germany)
Michael Gahler MEP (European People’s Party, Germany)
Evelyne Gebhardt MEP (Socialists & Democrats, Germany)
Sven Giegold MEP (Greens, Germany)
Raphaël Glucksmann MEP (Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats, France)
Markéta Gregorová MEP (Greens, Czech Republic)
Bart Groothuis MEP (Renew, Netherlands)
Claude Gruffat MEP (Greens, France)
Francisco Guerreiro MEP (Greens, Portugal)
Bernard Guetta MEP (Renew Europe, France)
Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice President of the European Parliament (Greens/European Free Alliance, Finland)
Yannick Jadot MEP (Greens, France)
Rasa Jukneviciene MEP, (European People’s Party, Lithuania) former Minister of Defence of Lithuania and former President of the NATO Parliamentary Assembly
Eugen Jurzyca MEP (European Conservatives & Reformists, Slovakia)
Assista Kanko MEP (Vice Chair of the European Conservatives and Reformists, Belgium)
Karin Karlsbro MEP (Renew Europe, Sweden)
Moritz Körner MEP (Renew Europe, Germany)
Andrius Kibilius MEP (European People’s Party, Lithuania), former Prime Minister of Lithuania
Ilhan Kyuchyuk, MEP (Renew Europe, Bulgaria), Vice President of the ALDE
Philippe Lamberts MEP (Co-President Greens, Belgium)
David Lega MEP (European People's Party, Sweden)
Miriam Lexmann MEP (European People’s Party, Slovakia)
Erik Marquardt MEP (Greens, Germany)
Javier Nart MEP (Renew Europe, Spain)
Lucia Ďuriš Nicholsonová MEP (European Conservatives & Reformists, Slovakia)
Niklas Nienaß MEP (Greens, Germany), Coordinator in the Committee on Regional Development, Member of the Committee on Culture and Education
Urmas Paet MEP (Renew Europe, Estonia), former Foreign Secretary of Estonia
Mikulas Peksa MEP (Greens, Czechia)
Kira Peter-Hansen MEP (Greens, Denmark)
Kati Piri MEP (Vice-President of the group of Socialists and Democrats, Netherlands)
Guliano Pisapia MEP (Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats, Italy)
Peter Pollák MEP (European People’s Party, Slovakia)
Terry Reintke MEP (Vice-Chair Greens, Germany)
Diana Riba I Giner MEP (Greens, Spain)
Michèle Rivasi MEP (Greens, France)
Dorien Rookmaker MEP (GO, Netherlands)
Caroline Roose MEP (Greens, France)
Bert-Jan Ruissen MEP (European Conservatives and Reformists Group, Netherlands)
Mounir Satouri MEP (Greens, France)
Petra de Sutter MEP (Greens, Belgium)
Michaela Šojdrová MEP (European People’s Party, Czech Republic)
Ivan Štefanec MEP (European People’s Party, Slovakia)
Tineke Strik MEP (Greens, Netherlands)
Antonio Tajani MEP (European People’s Party, Italy), former President of the European Parliament
Hermann Tertsch MEP, (European Conservatives and Reformists Group, Spain)
Romana Tomc MEP (European People’s Party, Slovenia)
Marie Toussaint MEP (Greens, France)
Ernest Urtasun MEP (Greens, Spain)
Hilde Vautmans MEP (Renew Europe, Belgium)
Guy Verhofstadt MEP (Renew Europe, Belgium), former Prime Minister of Belgium
Thomas Waitz MEP (Greens, Austria)
Lara Wolters MEP (Socialists and Democrats, Netherlands)
Salima Yenbou MEP (Greens, France)
前歐盟議會議員:
John Cushnahan (Ireland), European Parliament Rapporteur on Hong Kong from 1997 -2004, member of the Northern Ireland Assembly 1982-86 and leader of the Alliance Party
前歐盟專員:
Jan Figel, former Deputy Prime Minister of Slovakia and EU Special Envoy for Promotion Freedom of Religion or Belief outside of the EU
日本國會議員:
Sen. Shigeharu Aoyama
Sen. Haruko Arimura
Sen. Tadayoshi Ichida
Sen. Taiga Ishikawa
Sen. Yoshiko Kira
Sen. Yukihito Koga
Sen. Akira Koike
Sen. Takashi Koyari
Sen. Akiko Kurabayashi
Sen. Yuichi Mayama
Sen. Tamayo Marukawa
Sen. Teruhiko Mashiko
Sen. Junko Mihara
Sen. Shingo Miyake
Sen. Satoshi Nakanishi
Sen. Katsumi Ogawa
Sen. Kimi Onoda
Sen. Masahisa Sato
Sen. Hideya Sugio
Sen. Katsunori Takahashi
Sen. Ryosuke Takeda
Sen. Hirofumi Takinami
Sen. Hiroshi Yamada
Sen. Eriko Yamatani
Sen. Taku Yamazoe
Rep. Yukihiko Akutsu
Rep. Akira Amari
Rep. Yoichi Anami
Rep. Hiroshi Andou
Rep. Akinori Eto
Rep. Yasufumi Fujino
Rep. Keiji Furuya
Rep. Kentaro Gemma
Rep. Yoshiaki Harada
Rep. Hiroshi Hase
Rep. Kaichi Hasegawa
Rep. Kimie Hatano
Rep. Yasushi Hosaka
Rep. Kenichi Hosoda
Rep. Maki Ikeda
Rep. Shinji Inoue
Rep. Masatoshi Ishida
Rep. Akimasa Ishikawa
Rep. Kaori Ishikawa
Rep. Tohru Ishizaki
Rep. Takeshi Iwaya
Rep. Mito Kakizawa
Rep. Akiko Kamei
Rep. Yasushi Kaneko
Rep. Akira Kasai
Rep. Hitoshi Kikawada
Rep. Tetsuya Kimura
Rep. Shuhei Kishimoto
Rep. Minoru Kiuchi
Rep. Keiji Kokuta
Rep. Seiichi Kushida
Rep. Jin Matsubara
Rep. Koichi Matsudaira
Rep. Hidehiro Mitani
Rep. Hiromi Mitsubayashi
Rep. Shin Miyakawa
Rep. Tooru Miyamoto
Rep. Hiroyuki Miyazawa
Rep. Nobuko Motomura
Rep. Fumiyoshi Murakami
Rep. Shunsuke Mutai
Rep. Youji Muto
Rep. Takashi Nagao
Rep. Keiko Nagaoka
Rep. Akihisa Nagashima
Rep. Hiroyuki Nakamura
Rep. Kishiro Nakamura
Rep. Yasutaka Nakasone
Rep. Gen Nakatani
Rep. Kazuma Nakatani
Rep. Hideki Niwa
Rep. Kazuhide Okuma
Rep. Makoto Oniki
Rep. Hiroyuki Onishi
Rep. Kensuke Onishi
Rep. Hiroaki Saitoh
Rep. Yoshitaka Sakurada
Rep. Shu Sakurai
Rep. Hiroyoshi Sasakawa
Rep. Akio Sato
Rep. Masahiko Shibayama
Rep. Tadashi Shimizu
Rep. Ryu Shionoya
Rep. Mio Sugita
Rep. Junji Suzuki
Rep. Kaname Tajima
Rep. Kei Takagi
Rep. Takashi Takai
Rep. Tom Tanigawa
Rep. Kiyoto Tsuji
Rep. Hiroshi Ueno
Rep. Yoshiaki Wada
Rep. Kenji Yamada
Rep. Miki Yamada
Rep. Shunichi Yamaguchi
Rep. Shiori Yamao
Rep. Takashi Yamashita
加拿大議員:
Hon. Jim Abbott P.C., Parl. Sec. to the Minister of International Cooperation
Honourable Diane Ablonczy P.C.
The Hon David Anderson, P.C., O.C., Former Senior Federal Minister for British Columbia and Former Minister of Environment
Hon. W. David Angus, QC, Ad. E.
Iain Angus
Ann Atamanenko
The Honourable Eleni Bakopanos, P.C.
Leon Benoit
Tyrone Benskin
David Berger
Maxime Bernier, former Foreign Affaires Minister and now leader of the People’s Party of Canada
L’honorable Jean-Pierre Blackburn
Jean Jacques Blais, P.C., Q.C.
Rod Blaker
Peter Braid
Honorable Herb Breau P.C.
Hon. Pauline Browes, Former Minister of Indian Affairs
Dr. Jan Brown
Lois Brown
Robert Carrier
Hon. Sharon Carstairs PC CM, Former Government Leader Senate of Canada
Corneliu Chisu
Roger Clinch
Irwin Colter, former Minister of Justice and Attorney General
George Cooper
Paul Crete
Hon. Roy Cullen, P.C.
Libby Davies
Nicole Demers
Gilles Duceppe
Leo Duguay
Hon. Art Eggleton P.C.
John English
Ken Epp
Hon. Steven Fletcher
Joan Fraser
Gordon Gilchrist
The Honourable Shelly Glover P.C., Former Minister of Canadian Heritage and Minister for Official Languages for Canada as well as Regional Minister for Manitoba
The Hon. Jerry S. Grafstein
Hon. Bill Graham, P.C., C.M., Q.C., Former Foreign Minister and Minister of Defence
Richard Grisé
Sadia Groguhé
Gary M Gurbin
Jim Hart
Ross Harvey
Loyola Hearn, Former Minister of Fisheries and Oceans and Former Canadian Ambassador to Ireland
Ted Hsu
Lynn Hunter
Hon. David Kilgour, former Canadian Secretary of State for Asia-Pacific and former MP
MPP Daryl Kramp
Hon Walt Lastewka
Derek Lee
Pierre Lemieux
Wendy Lill
Hon. Peter Mackay, former Minister of Foreign Affairs Canada
Hon. Gurbax Singh Malhi
Arnold Malone
Peter Mancini
Richard Marceau
Inky Mark
Philip Mayfield
Murray McBride
Hon. John McDermid P.C.
Lynn McDoanld
Joe McGuire
Audrey McLaughlin
Hon. Tom McMillan P.C.
Isabelle Morin
Eva Nassif
Con Di Nino
Patrick W. O’Brien
John Oliver
Pierre A. Paquette
LaVar Payne
Jean-Claude Poissant
Hon. David Pratt, former Minister of National Defence
Hon. David W Price P.C.
Bob Rae, former Premier of Ontario and Federal MP
Nelson Riis
Svend Robinson
Bob Runciman
Terence J Sargeant
Rathika Sitsabaiesan
Hon Carol Skelton P.C.
Robert D. Sopuck
Thierry St-Cyr
Peter Stoffer
Mike Sullivan
Anna Terrana
Nycole Turmel
Barry Turner
Frank Valeriote
Angela Vautour
Ian G Waddell Q.C
John Weston
Nick Whalen
Rev. Lois M Wilson C.C.
Borys Wrzesnewskyj, Former Chair Canadian Nato Parliamentary Association
Wai Young
澳洲議員:
Kevin Andrews MP, Former Australian Defence Minister, Chairman of the Human Rights sub-committee of the Australian Parliamentary Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence, and Trade
George Christensen MP, Chair, Parliamentary Joint Standing Committee on Trade and Investment Growth
Andrew Hastie MP, Chairman of the Parliamentary Joint Committee for Intelligence and Security, Australia
Ian Goodenough MP
Peter Khalil MP, Member of the Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence, and Trade
Dr Daniel Mulino MP, Member for Fraser
Hon. Edward O’Donohue MP, Victorian Shadow Attorney-General
Dave Sharma MP
Phillip Thompson MP, Member of the Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade
Tim Wilson MP
Senator Eric Abetz, former Leader of the Government in the Senate
Senator Alex Antic
Senator Slade Brockman
Senator Matthew Canavan, former Minister for Resources
Senator Claire Chandler
Senator Raff Ciccone, Deputy Opposition Whip in the Senate
Senator David Fawcett, Chair of the Joint Standing Committee Foreign Affairs, Defence, and Trade, former Assistant Minister for Defence
Senator the Honourable Concetta Fierravanti-Wells, Chair of the Senate Standing Committee for the Scrutiny of Delegated Legislation and former Minister for International Development and the Pacific
Senator Kimberley Kitching, Shadow Assistant Minister for Government Accountability and member of the Joint Standing Committee Foreign Affairs, Defence, and Trade
Senator Jim Molan
Senator Matthew O’Sullivan
Senator James Paterson
Senator Tony Sheldon
Senator Amanda Stoker
Vicki Dunne, Deputy Speaker, Legislative Assembly for Australian Capital Territory
Bernie Finn MLC, member of the Victorian Legislative Council (upper house)
Janelle Saffin
Hon Michael Danby, former member for Melbourne Ports, former Chair of the Joint Standing Committee Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade
新西蘭議員:
Simeon Brown MP
Marama Davidson MP, co-leader of the Green Party
Simon O’Connor MP, Chair of the Foreign Affairs, Defence, and Trade Committee
Louisa Wall MP, Deputy Chair of PNND New Zealand and Co-Chair Cross Party Women Parliamentarians
德國議會議員:
Margarete Bause MdB, Green Party Spokeswoman for the Human Rights and Humanitarian AidCommittee
Dr. Danyal Bayaz MdB
Michael Brand MdB, CDU / CSU Spokesman for the Human Rights and Humanitarian Aid Committee
Peter Heidt MdB
Frank Heinrich MdB
Dr. Anton Hofreiter MdB
Eckhard Gnodtke MdB
Gyde Jensen MdB, the Chair of the Human Rights and Humanitarian Aid Committee
Frank Müller-Rosentritt MdB
Omid Nouripour MdB
Martin Patzelt MdB, member of the Human Rights and Humanitarian Aid Committee
Claudia Roth MdB, Vice President of German Bundestag
Dr. Frithjof Schmidt MdB
Jürgen Trittin MdB, former leader of the Greens and former Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation, and Nuclear Safety
德國前外交官:
Dr. Volker Stanzel, former German ambassador to China and Japan
意大利議員:
Alex Bazzaro MP
Matteo Luigi Bianchi MP
Enrico Borghi MP
Paolo Formentini MP, Vice-President Foreign Affairs Committee
Alessandro Giglio Vigna MP
Eugenio Zoffili MP
Senator Alessandro Alfieri
Senator Lucio Malan
Senator Roberto Rampi
Senator Adolfo Urso, former Deputy Minister of Productive Activities with delegation to foreign trade
意大利前議員:
Marco Beltrandi, former MP
Rita Bernardini, former MP
Sergio D’Elia, former MP
Amb. Giulio Terzi di Sant’Agata, former Minister of Foreign Affairs (President of the Global Committee for the Rule of Law “Marco Pannella”)
Elisabetta Zamparutti, former MP
瑞典議會議員:
Joar Forssell MP
Hampus Hagman MP
David Josefsson MP
Kerstin Lundgren MP
Frederik Malm MP
Niels Paarup-Petersen MP
Lorentz Tovatt MP
奧地利議員:
Dr. Ewa Ernst-Dziedzic MP
Michel Reimon MP
瑞典議員:
Joar Forssell MP
Hampus Hagman MP
David Josefsson MP
Kerstin Lundgren MP
Frederik Malm MP
Maria Nilsson MP
Lina Nordquist MP
Niels Paarup-Petersen MP
Yasmine Posio MP, member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs
Jonas Sjöstedt MP, party leader of the Left party
Håkan Svenneling MP, member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs
Lorentz Tovatt MP
Ilona Szatmári Waldau MP, member of the Committee on European Union Affairs
Solveig Zander MP
丹麥議會議員:
Uffe Elbæk MP, former Minister of Culture
Viggo Fischer, former member of parliament
挪威挑議員:
Ola Elvestuen MP
Trine Skei Grande MP
Tina Shagufta Munir Kornmo MP
荷蘭議員:
Kathalijne Buitenweg
Femke Merel van Kooten
Henk Krol
Bram van Ojik
Lilianne Ploumen
Sjoerd Sjoerdsma
Boris Dittrich
Ruud Koole
Ria Oomen-Ruijten
Mei Li Vos
Kathleen Ferrier, former Member of Parliament
Rick van der Ploeg, former Secretary of State for Culture and former Member of Parliament
比利時議員:
Séverine de Laveleye, Member of the Chamber of Representatives
愛爾蘭議員:
Senator Ronan Mullen
烏克蘭:
Hanna Hopko, former member of Parliament and Chairwoman of the Foreign Affairs Committee of Verkhovna Rada (2014-2019), zero Corruption Conference chairwoman, Head of the Board of National Interests advocacy network “ANTS”
Ihor Lutsenko, former member of Parliament (2014-2019), activist of the Revolution of Dignity
Dr. Ulana Suprun, Chairwoman of NGO ArcUA and former Acting Minister of Health (2016-2019)
立陶宛議會議員:
Mantas Adomenas MP
Arvydas Anusauskas MP
Audronius Azubalis MP, former Minister of Foreign Affairs
Laurynas Kasciunas MP
Gabrielius Landsbergis MP
Radvilė Morkunaite-Mikuleniene MP
Emanuelis Zingeris MP, Chair of the Subcommittee on Transatlantic Relations and Democratic Development
Žygimantas Pavilionis MP, former Ambassador of Lithuania to the United States of America
斯洛伐克議會議員:
Alojz Baránik MP
Ján Benčík MP
Peter Cmorej MP
Ondrej Dostál MP
Gábor Grendel MP, Deputy Speaker
Jarmila Halgašová MP
Radovan Kazda MP
Miroslav Kollár MP
Vladimíra Marcinková MP
Peter Osuský MP
Peter Pollák MP
Juraj Šeliga MP, Deputy Speaker
Andrej Stančík MP
Romana Tabák MP
Marián Viskupič MP
Anna Zemanová MP
Miroslav Žiak MP
Jana Žitňanská MP
斯洛伐克議會前議員:
František Šebej, former MP and Chair of the Foreign Affairs Committee
捷克議員:
Jan Lipavsky MP
科索沃議員:
Senton Kaçaniku, President of the Institute for Freedom and Justice
俄羅斯:
Vladimir Kara-Murza, Vice-President of the Free Russia Foundation
阿爾巴尼亞議員:
Fatmir Mediu MP, Former Minister of Defense of the Republic of Albania
馬來西亞議員及代表:
Andrew Khoo, Advocate and Solicitor, High Court of Malaya in Malaysia, former Co-Chair of the Human Rights Committee, Bar Council Malaysia
The Hon. Senator P. Waytha Moorthy
Charles Santiago MP, Chair of ASEAN Parliamentarians for Human Rights
馬爾代夫代表:
Dr Ahmed Shaheed, former Foreign Minister of the Maldives and Chair, Universal Rights Group, Geneva
緬甸議員及宗教領袖:
U Kyaw Min San, Member of the Bago Regional Parliament and former legal adviser to the International Commission of Jurists Office
His Eminence Cardinal Charles Bo, Archbishop of Yangon, Myanmar and President of the Federation of Asian Bishops Conferences
南韓代表:
Jin-Tae Kim, Member of the National Assembly and former Prosecutor (Chief of the Wonju Public Prosecutor's Office)
Jung-Hoon Lee, former Ambassador for Human Rights
Yanghee Lee, former UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar; former Chairperson of UN Committee on the Rights of the Child; Professor at Sungkyunkwan University South Korea
Kyung Won Na, member of the National Assembly and former Chair of the Foreign Relations and Unification Committee and floor leader of the main opposition party
Wonsik Shin, Member-elect of the National Assembly and retired Lieutenant General of the ROK Army
印度前議員:
Dr John Dayal, former President of the All India Catholic Union and Member of the National Integration Council
印尼前東南亞國家協會(ASEAN)代表:
Rafendi Djamin, former Representative of Indonesia to the ASEAN Inter-Governmental Commission on Human Rights
Yuyun Wahyuningrum, Representative of Indonesia to the ASEAN Inter-Governmental Commission on Human Rights
菲律賓議員:
Senator Risa Hontiveros, Chair of the Senate Women, Family Relations and Equality Committee
Senator Francis N. Pangilinan, former Senate Majority Leader
#超級國際文宣
原版名單:
https://www.hongkongwatch.org/…/patten-led-group-of-198-par…
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YouTube新片:
RTHK《視點31》完整無刪剪完整版(連圖文字畫不乎字幕)
https://youtu.be/HgKNJvZjAuw
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同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過134萬的網紅Point of View,也在其Youtube影片中提到,นิทรรศการมหาวชิราวุธราชบรรณาลัย ชั้น 7 สำนักงานวิทยทรัพยากร จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย เปิดให้ชมทุกวัน จันทร์-ศุกร์ เวลา 9.00-17.00 น. ยกเว้นวันหยุดราชการ ...
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east timor university 在 Goodbye HK, Hello UK Facebook 的最佳貼文
「千古罪人」同Sir Malcolm Rifkind嘅國際級文宣!
由前港督Lord Patten of Barnes同前英國外交大臣Hon Sir Malcolm Rifkind發起嘅國際聯署聲明,一個星期內由廿幾個國家嘅201個議員,依家聯署議員人數去到50國家728個議會政界人士!最壯觀不外乎係日本,不過唔該留意下嗰啲小國,例如科索沃、阿爾巴尼亞、立陶宛、斯洛伐克、緬甸等等小國,哪怕佢地得一兩個代表支持,但係以前人地國家出現問題,自問大家何曾理會過?睇完新聞下一秒就已經「哦,邊度黎㗎?」,然後食買玩揾錢唔記得...依家人地反而出黎支持...喂!簽個名有政治代價㗎,唔係應份!(本人自己都覺得有些少羞恥)
5月23號開始國際報導有19個國家(EU27國當一個)201位
5月26號30個國家284位
5月27號33個國家457位
5月28號33個國家659位
5月29號36個國家728位
肥彭見到之後表示:
"The statement shows growing and widespread international outrage at the decision by the Chinese government to unilaterally impose national security legislation in Hong Kong. The breadth of support, which spans all political parties and four continents, reflects both the severity of the situation and ongoing unified international support for the principle of one-country, two-systems."
(呢個聲明嘅簽署人數增長同國際上擴闊嘅速度,代表全世界都對中國單方面响香港行使國安法嘅不滿程度不斷增加。咁多地區同國家嘅跨黨派政界人士支持,就了解到情況有幾嚴重,同時代表國際幾咁支持香港維持「一國兩制」。)
仍然都係嗰句,728呢個唔係數字,除咗代表咗呢兩個廢國銀髮「舊電池」嘅外交文宣實力,亦表示全世界有咁多國家同地區嘅政界同民選議員,背負住佢地嘅選民支持香港(班「暴徒」)。請無知的Haters、Doubters、負能樣唔好再用簡單易分法將一個國家當係黃藍店或者偽人,剩係得「奶」同「唔奶」!因為佢地都係有名有姓,為咗尊重,係需要再重新列多次,今次長三倍!
廢國下議院議員:
Debbie Abrahams MP, former Shadow Secretary of State for Work and Pensions
Gareth Bacon MP
Andrew Bowie MP
Andrew Bridgen MP
Anthony Browne MP
Fiona Bruce MP, Chair of the Conservative Party Human Rights Commission
Chris Bryant MP, Member of the UK Foreign Affairs Committee
Alistair Carmichael MP, Liberal Democrats Foreign Affairs Spokesman
Wendy Chamberlain MP
Sarah Champion MP, Chair of the International Development Committee
Daisy Cooper MP
Neil Coyle MP, Member of the Foreign Affairs Committee
Rt. Hon Ed Davey MP, Leader of the Liberal Democrats and former Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change
Geraint Davies MP
Dr James Davies MP
Dehenna Davison MP
Martyn Day MP
Dave Doogan MP
Peter Dowd MP, former Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury
Tim Farron MP, former Leader of the Liberal Democrats
Simon Fell MP
Marion Fellows, MP
Rt. Hon Liam Fox MP, former Defence Secretary and International Trade Secretary
Rt. Hon Damian Green MP, former Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for the Cabinet Office
Jonathan Gullis MP
Andrew Gwynne MP, former Shadow Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government
Antony Higginbotham MP
Wera Hobhouse MP
Kevin Hollinrake MP
Christine Jardine MP
Imran Khan MP
Daniel Kawczynski MP
Chris Law MP, SNP Spokesperson for International Development
Caroline Lucas MP
Craig Mackinlay MP
Paul Maynard MP
Jason McCartney MP
Stewart M McDonald MP, Member of the UK Foreign Affairs Committee
Anne McLaughlin MP
Gagan Mohindra MP
Carol Monaghan MP
Layla Moran MP
Kieran Mullen MP
Caroline Nokes MP
Sarah Olney MP
Tom Randall MP
Rob Roberts MP
Andrew Rosindell MP, Member of the UK Foreign Affairs Committee
Bob Seely MP, Member of the UK Foreign Affairs Committee
Andrew Selous MP
Virendra Sharma MP
Henry Smith MP, Member of the UK Foreign Affairs Committee
Rt.Hon Sir Iain Duncan Smith MP, former Secretary of State for Work andPensions and Leader of the Conservative Party
Alyn Smith MP, SNP spokesman for International Affairs
Jamie Stone MP
Rt. Hon Stephen Timms MP, Chair of the Work and Pensions Select Committee
Tom Tugendhat MP, Chair of the Foreign Affairs Select Committee
Jamie Wallis MP
James Wild MP
Craig Williams MP
Munira Wilson MP
廢國上議院議員:
Rt. Hon Lord Addington
Rt. Hon Lord Alderdice, former President of Liberal International
Lord Alton of Liverpool
Rt. Hon. Lord Adonis
Rt. Hon Lord Arbuthnot of Edrom
Rt. Revd Nicholas Baines, Bishop of Leeds
Baroness Bakewell of Hardington Mandeville
Rt. Hon Lord Balfe
Rt. Hon Baroness Barker
Baroness Bennett of Manor Castle, former Leader of the Green Party
Lord Blackheath
Rt. Hon Baroness Blackstone
Rt. Hon Baroness Boothroyd of Sandwell, former Speaker of the House of Commons
Baroness Bonham-Carter of Yarnbury
Lord Bowness
Rt. Hon Lord Boyle, Earl of Cork and Orrery
Baroness Burt of Solihull
Rt. Hon. Lord Campbell of Pittenweem QC, former leader of the Liberal Democrats
Rt. Hon Baroness Chalker of Wallasey
Lord Craig of Radley, former Chief of the Defence Staff
The Lord Bishop of Coventry
Baroness Cox of Queensbury
Rt. Hon Baroness D’Souza, former Lord Speaker
Rt. Hon Lord Dholakia OBE
Rt. Hon Lord Dubs
Lord Foster of Bath
Rt. Hon Baroness Falkner of Margravine
Rt. Hon Lord Fox
Rt. Hon Baroness Garden of Frognal
Lord German
Lord Gilbert of Panteg
The Earl of Glasgow
Rt. Hon Lord Goldsmith of Allerton, former Attorney General
Rt. Hon Lord Hain of Neath, former Secretary of State for Work and Pensions and Northern Ireland
Baroness Hamwee
Lord Hannay of Chiswick, former UK Ambassador to the United Nations
Baroness Harris of Richmond, Deputy Speaker of the House of Lords
Lord Hogan-Howe of Sheffield, former Metropolitan Police Commissioner
Rt. Hon Lord Howard of Lympne, former Home Secretary and Leader of the Conservative Party
Baroness Humphreys
Rt. Hon Lord Hunt of Kings Heath
Rt. Hon Lord Hylton
Baroness Janke
Rt Hon. Baroness Jolly
Lord Jones of Cheltenham
Baroness Kennedy QC of the Shaws
Rt. Hon Lord King of Bridgewater, former Defence Secretary and Northern Ireland Secretary
Rt. Hon Lord Kinnock, former Leader of the Labour Party and Vice-President of the European Commission
Lord Kirkharle of Curry
Rt Hon. Baroness Kramer
Rt. Hon. Lord Levy, former special envoy to the Middle East
Rt. Hon Baroness Lister of Burtersett
Lord Lucas
Baroness Ludford
Lord Marks of Henley-on-Thames
Rt. Hon Lord Murphy of Torfaen
Lord Newby, Leader of the Liberal Democrats in the House of Lords
Rt Hon. Baroness Northover
Lord Oates
Lord Palmer of Childs Hill
Baroness Pinnock
Lord Pendry of Stalybridge, Middleweight Colonial boxing champion, Hong Kong 1957
Lord Purvis of Tweed
Lord Razzall
Lord Rennard
Lord Ricketts, former Permanent Secretary at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and former Chairman of the Joint Intelligence Committee
Lord Scriven
Lord Sharkey
Lord Shipley
Rt. Hon Lord Shutt of Greetland
Baroness Smith of Newnham
Rt. Hon Baroness Stern
Lord Strasburger
Baroness Stroud
Rt. Hon Baroness Suttie
Rt. Hon Lord Swinfen
Baroness Thomas of Winchester
Baroness Thornhill MBE
Lord Tope
Lord Trees
Rt. Hon Viscount Trenchard
Rt. Hon Lord Tugendhat, Former Vice-President of the European Commission
Baroness Tyler of Enfield
Lord Wallace of Saltaire
Lord Wallace of Tankerness, former Deputy First Minister of Scotland
Baroness Walmsley
Rt. Hon and Rt. Revd Lord Williams of Oystermouth, former Archbishop of Canterbury
Lord Willoughby de Broke
Lord Wood of Anfield
Lord Wrigglesworth
蘇格蘭議員:
Ruth Davidson MSP, former leader of the Scottish Conservative Party
Ross Greer MSP, Scottish Green External Affairs Spokesperson
威爾斯議會議員:
Angela Burns MS
Andrew RT Davies MS
Paul Davies MS
Mark Isherwood MS
Caroline Jones MS
Mandy Jones MS
Darren Millar MS
Mark Reckless MS
David Rowlands MS
廢國其他人士:
Bill Browder
廢國前議員:
Rt. Hon John Bercow, former Speaker of the House of Commons and former MP
Rt. Hon David Miliband, former Foreign Secretary and MP
Rt. Hon Rory Stewart, former Secretary of State for International Development and former MP
Rt. Hon Jack Straw, former Foreign Secretary, Home Secretary, and Justice Secretary and former MP
廢國前駐美帝大使:
Sir David Manning, former UK Ambassador to the United States of America
宗教領袖:
Dr Desmond Biddulph CBE, President The Buddhist Society
Fr Timothy Radcliffe, former Master of the Dominican Order Worldwide
美帝參議員:
Senator Benjamin L Cardin, Ranking Member of the Senate Small Business Committee
Senator Ted Cruz, Member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee
Senator Josh Hawley
Senator Edward J Markey, Ranking Member of the Subcommittee on East Asia, the Pacific, and International Cybersecurity Policy
Senator Robert Menendez, Ranking Member, Senate Foreign Relations Committee
Senator Marco Rubio, Acting Chair of the Senate Intelligence Committee
美帝眾議院議員:
Congressman Robert B Aderholt
Congressman Ami Bera, Chairman of the Subcommittee on Asia, the Pacific, and Non-proliferation, House Foreign Affairs Committee
Congressman Eliot L Engel, Chairman of US House of Representatives Committee on Foreign Affairs
Congressman Mike Gallagher
Congressman Vicky Hartzler
Congressman Michael T McCaul, ranking member of US House of Representatives Committee on Foreign Affairs
Congressman James McGovern, co-chair of the Congressional Executive Commission on China
Congressman Adam B Schiff, Chairman of the US House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence
Congressman Adam Smith, Chairman of US House of Representatives Committee on Armed Services
Congressman Christopher Smith, former Chair of the House Veterans' Affairs Committee
Congressman Tom Suozzi
Congressman Ted Yoho, ranking member of the Subcommittee on Asia, the Pacific, and Non-proliferation, US House of Representatives Committee on Foreign Affairs
Frank Wolf, Member of Congress 1981-2014 (retired)
美帝前外交官:
Derek Mitchell, President of the National Democratic Institute and former Ambassador to Burma
Samantha Power, former USA Ambassador to the United Nations
Grover Joseph Rees, former USA Ambassador to East Timor
美帝人權及學術界:
Professor Jerome A. Cohen, Professor of law at New York University School of Law, founding director of its US-Asia Law Institute and adjunct senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations
Garry Kasparov, Chairman of Human Rights Foundation
Daniel Twining, President of the International Republican Institute
歐盟議會議員:
Alviina Alamesta MEP (Greens, Finland)
Francois Alfonsi MEP (Greens, Germany)
Gerolf Annemans MEP (Identity and Democracy Group, Belgium)
Margrete Auken MEP (Greens, Denmark)
Petras Austrevicuis MEP (Renew Europe, Lithuania)
Malik Azmani MEP, (Renew Europe, Netherlands), First-Vice Chair of Renew Europe Group
Jose Ramon Bauza Diaz MEP (Renew Europe, Spain)
Francois-Xavier Bellamy MEP (European People’s Party, France)
Vladimír Bilčík MEP (European People’s Party, Slovakia)
Benoit Biteau MEP (Greens, France)
Malin Björk MEP (European United Left - Nordic Green Left, Sweden)
Michael Bloss MEP (Greens, Germany)
Damian Boeselager MEP (Greens, Germany)
Geert Bourgeois MEP (European Conservatives and Reformists, Belgium)
Reinhard Buetikofer MEP (Greens, Germany)
Damien Careme MEP (Greens, France)
Anna Cavazzini MEP (Greens, Germany)
Olivier Chastel MEP (Renew Europe, Belgium)
David Cormand MEP (Greens, France)
Katalin Cseh MEP (Renew Europe, Hungary)
Ciaran Cuffe MEP (Greens, Ireland)
Gwendoline Delbos-Corfield MEP (Greens, France)
Karima Delli MEP (Greens, France)
Pascal Durand MEP (Renew Europe, France)
Bas Eickhout MEP (Vice-Chair Greens, Netherlands)
Engin Eroglu MEP (Renew Europe, Germany)
Anna Fotyga MEP, (European Conservatives & Reformists) Poland former Foreign Secretary of Poland
Daniel Freund MEP (Greens, Germany)
Michael Gahler MEP (European People’s Party, Germany)
Evelyne Gebhardt MEP (Socialists & Democrats, Germany)
Sven Giegold MEP (Greens, Germany)
Raphaël Glucksmann MEP (Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats, France)
Markéta Gregorová MEP (Greens, Czech Republic)
Bart Groothuis MEP (Renew, Netherlands)
Claude Gruffat MEP (Greens, France)
Francisco Guerreiro MEP (Greens, Portugal)
Bernard Guetta MEP (Renew Europe, France)
Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice President of the European Parliament (Greens/European Free Alliance, Finland)
Yannick Jadot MEP (Greens, France)
Rasa Jukneviciene MEP, (European People’s Party, Lithuania) former Minister of Defence of Lithuania and former President of the NATO Parliamentary Assembly
Eugen Jurzyca MEP (European Conservatives & Reformists, Slovakia)
Assista Kanko MEP (Vice Chair of the European Conservatives and Reformists, Belgium)
Karin Karlsbro MEP (Renew Europe, Sweden)
Moritz Körner MEP (Renew Europe, Germany)
Andrius Kibilius MEP (European People’s Party, Lithuania), former Prime Minister of Lithuania
Ilhan Kyuchyuk, MEP (Renew Europe, Bulgaria), Vice President of the ALDE
Philippe Lamberts MEP (Co-President Greens, Belgium)
David Lega MEP (European People's Party, Sweden)
Miriam Lexmann MEP (European People’s Party, Slovakia)
Erik Marquardt MEP (Greens, Germany)
Javier Nart MEP (Renew Europe, Spain)
Lucia Ďuriš Nicholsonová MEP (European Conservatives & Reformists, Slovakia)
Niklas Nienaß MEP (Greens, Germany), Coordinator in the Committee on Regional Development, Member of the Committee on Culture and Education
Urmas Paet MEP (Renew Europe, Estonia), former Foreign Secretary of Estonia
Mikulas Peksa MEP (Greens, Czechia)
Kira Peter-Hansen MEP (Greens, Denmark)
Kati Piri MEP (Vice-President of the group of Socialists and Democrats, Netherlands)
Guliano Pisapia MEP (Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats, Italy)
Peter Pollák MEP (European People’s Party, Slovakia)
Terry Reintke MEP (Vice-Chair Greens, Germany)
Diana Riba I Giner MEP (Greens, Spain)
Michèle Rivasi MEP (Greens, France)
Dorien Rookmaker MEP (GO, Netherlands)
Caroline Roose MEP (Greens, France)
Bert-Jan Ruissen MEP (European Conservatives and Reformists Group, Netherlands)
Mounir Satouri MEP (Greens, France)
Petra de Sutter MEP (Greens, Belgium)
Michaela Šojdrová MEP (European People’s Party, Czech Republic)
Ivan Štefanec MEP (European People’s Party, Slovakia)
Tineke Strik MEP (Greens, Netherlands)
Antonio Tajani MEP (European People’s Party, Italy), former President of the European Parliament
Hermann Tertsch MEP, (European Conservatives and Reformists Group, Spain)
Romana Tomc MEP (European People’s Party, Slovenia)
Marie Toussaint MEP (Greens, France)
Ernest Urtasun MEP (Greens, Spain)
Hilde Vautmans MEP (Renew Europe, Belgium)
Guy Verhofstadt MEP (Renew Europe, Belgium), former Prime Minister of Belgium
Thomas Waitz MEP (Greens, Austria)
Lara Wolters MEP (Socialists and Democrats, Netherlands)
Salima Yenbou MEP (Greens, France)
前歐盟議會議員:
John Cushnahan (Ireland), European Parliament Rapporteur on Hong Kong from 1997 -2004, member of the Northern Ireland Assembly 1982-86 and leader of the Alliance Party
前歐盟專員:
Jan Figel, former Deputy Prime Minister of Slovakia and EU Special Envoy for Promotion Freedom of Religion or Belief outside of the EU
日本國會議員:
Sen. Shigeharu Aoyama
Sen. Haruko Arimura
Sen. Tadayoshi Ichida
Sen. Taiga Ishikawa
Sen. Yoshiko Kira
Sen. Yukihito Koga
Sen. Akira Koike
Sen. Takashi Koyari
Sen. Akiko Kurabayashi
Sen. Yuichi Mayama
Sen. Tamayo Marukawa
Sen. Teruhiko Mashiko
Sen. Junko Mihara
Sen. Shingo Miyake
Sen. Satoshi Nakanishi
Sen. Katsumi Ogawa
Sen. Kimi Onoda
Sen. Masahisa Sato
Sen. Hideya Sugio
Sen. Katsunori Takahashi
Sen. Ryosuke Takeda
Sen. Hirofumi Takinami
Sen. Hiroshi Yamada
Sen. Eriko Yamatani
Sen. Taku Yamazoe
Rep. Yukihiko Akutsu
Rep. Akira Amari
Rep. Yoichi Anami
Rep. Hiroshi Andou
Rep. Akinori Eto
Rep. Yasufumi Fujino
Rep. Keiji Furuya
Rep. Kentaro Gemma
Rep. Yoshiaki Harada
Rep. Hiroshi Hase
Rep. Kaichi Hasegawa
Rep. Kimie Hatano
Rep. Yasushi Hosaka
Rep. Kenichi Hosoda
Rep. Maki Ikeda
Rep. Shinji Inoue
Rep. Masatoshi Ishida
Rep. Akimasa Ishikawa
Rep. Kaori Ishikawa
Rep. Tohru Ishizaki
Rep. Takeshi Iwaya
Rep. Mito Kakizawa
Rep. Akiko Kamei
Rep. Yasushi Kaneko
Rep. Akira Kasai
Rep. Hitoshi Kikawada
Rep. Tetsuya Kimura
Rep. Shuhei Kishimoto
Rep. Minoru Kiuchi
Rep. Keiji Kokuta
Rep. Seiichi Kushida
Rep. Jin Matsubara
Rep. Koichi Matsudaira
Rep. Hidehiro Mitani
Rep. Hiromi Mitsubayashi
Rep. Shin Miyakawa
Rep. Tooru Miyamoto
Rep. Hiroyuki Miyazawa
Rep. Nobuko Motomura
Rep. Fumiyoshi Murakami
Rep. Shunsuke Mutai
Rep. Youji Muto
Rep. Takashi Nagao
Rep. Keiko Nagaoka
Rep. Akihisa Nagashima
Rep. Hiroyuki Nakamura
Rep. Kishiro Nakamura
Rep. Yasutaka Nakasone
Rep. Gen Nakatani
Rep. Kazuma Nakatani
Rep. Hideki Niwa
Rep. Kazuhide Okuma
Rep. Makoto Oniki
Rep. Hiroyuki Onishi
Rep. Kensuke Onishi
Rep. Hiroaki Saitoh
Rep. Yoshitaka Sakurada
Rep. Shu Sakurai
Rep. Hiroyoshi Sasakawa
Rep. Akio Sato
Rep. Masahiko Shibayama
Rep. Tadashi Shimizu
Rep. Ryu Shionoya
Rep. Mio Sugita
Rep. Junji Suzuki
Rep. Kaname Tajima
Rep. Kei Takagi
Rep. Takashi Takai
Rep. Tom Tanigawa
Rep. Kiyoto Tsuji
Rep. Hiroshi Ueno
Rep. Yoshiaki Wada
Rep. Kenji Yamada
Rep. Miki Yamada
Rep. Shunichi Yamaguchi
Rep. Shiori Yamao
Rep. Takashi Yamashita
加拿大議員:
Hon. Jim Abbott P.C., Parl. Sec. to the Minister of International Cooperation
Honourable Diane Ablonczy P.C.
The Hon David Anderson, P.C., O.C., Former Senior Federal Minister for British Columbia and Former Minister of Environment
Hon. W. David Angus, QC, Ad. E.
Iain Angus
Ann Atamanenko
The Honourable Eleni Bakopanos, P.C.
Leon Benoit
Tyrone Benskin
David Berger
Maxime Bernier, former Foreign Affaires Minister and now leader of the People’s Party of Canada
L’honorable Jean-Pierre Blackburn
Jean Jacques Blais, P.C., Q.C.
Rod Blaker
Peter Braid
Honorable Herb Breau P.C.
Hon. Pauline Browes, Former Minister of Indian Affairs
Dr. Jan Brown
Lois Brown
Robert Carrier
Hon. Sharon Carstairs PC CM, Former Government Leader Senate of Canada
Corneliu Chisu
Roger Clinch
Irwin Colter, former Minister of Justice and Attorney General
George Cooper
Paul Crete
Hon. Roy Cullen, P.C.
Libby Davies
Nicole Demers
Gilles Duceppe
Leo Duguay
Hon. Art Eggleton P.C.
John English
Ken Epp
Hon. Steven Fletcher
Joan Fraser
Gordon Gilchrist
The Honourable Shelly Glover P.C., Former Minister of Canadian Heritage and Minister for Official Languages for Canada as well as Regional Minister for Manitoba
The Hon. Jerry S. Grafstein
Hon. Bill Graham, P.C., C.M., Q.C., Former Foreign Minister and Minister of Defence
Richard Grisé
Sadia Groguhé
Gary M Gurbin
Jim Hart
Ross Harvey
Loyola Hearn, Former Minister of Fisheries and Oceans and Former Canadian Ambassador to Ireland
Ted Hsu
Lynn Hunter
Hon. David Kilgour, former Canadian Secretary of State for Asia-Pacific and former MP
MPP Daryl Kramp
Hon Walt Lastewka
Derek Lee
Pierre Lemieux
Wendy Lill
Hon. Peter Mackay, former Minister of Foreign Affairs Canada
Hon. Gurbax Singh Malhi
Arnold Malone
Peter Mancini
Richard Marceau
Inky Mark
Philip Mayfield
Murray McBride
Hon. John McDermid P.C.
Lynn McDoanld
Joe McGuire
Audrey McLaughlin
Hon. Tom McMillan P.C.
Isabelle Morin
Eva Nassif
Con Di Nino
Patrick W. O’Brien
John Oliver
Pierre A. Paquette
LaVar Payne
Jean-Claude Poissant
Hon. David Pratt, former Minister of National Defence
Hon. David W Price P.C.
Bob Rae, former Premier of Ontario and Federal MP
Nelson Riis
Svend Robinson
Bob Runciman
Terence J Sargeant
Rathika Sitsabaiesan
Hon Carol Skelton P.C.
Robert D. Sopuck
Thierry St-Cyr
Peter Stoffer
Mike Sullivan
Anna Terrana
Nycole Turmel
Barry Turner
Frank Valeriote
Angela Vautour
Ian G Waddell Q.C
John Weston
Nick Whalen
Rev. Lois M Wilson C.C.
Borys Wrzesnewskyj, Former Chair Canadian Nato Parliamentary Association
Wai Young
澳洲議員:
Kevin Andrews MP, Former Australian Defence Minister, Chairman of the Human Rights sub-committee of the Australian Parliamentary Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence, and Trade
George Christensen MP, Chair, Parliamentary Joint Standing Committee on Trade and Investment Growth
Andrew Hastie MP, Chairman of the Parliamentary Joint Committee for Intelligence and Security, Australia
Ian Goodenough MP
Peter Khalil MP, Member of the Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence, and Trade
Dr Daniel Mulino MP, Member for Fraser
Hon. Edward O’Donohue MP, Victorian Shadow Attorney-General
Dave Sharma MP
Phillip Thompson MP, Member of the Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade
Tim Wilson MP
Senator Eric Abetz, former Leader of the Government in the Senate
Senator Alex Antic
Senator Slade Brockman
Senator Matthew Canavan, former Minister for Resources
Senator Claire Chandler
Senator Raff Ciccone, Deputy Opposition Whip in the Senate
Senator David Fawcett, Chair of the Joint Standing Committee Foreign Affairs, Defence, and Trade, former Assistant Minister for Defence
Senator the Honourable Concetta Fierravanti-Wells, Chair of the Senate Standing Committee for the Scrutiny of Delegated Legislation and former Minister for International Development and the Pacific
Senator Kimberley Kitching, Shadow Assistant Minister for Government Accountability and member of the Joint Standing Committee Foreign Affairs, Defence, and Trade
Senator Jim Molan
Senator Matthew O’Sullivan
Senator James Paterson
Senator Tony Sheldon
Senator Amanda Stoker
Vicki Dunne, Deputy Speaker, Legislative Assembly for Australian Capital Territory
Bernie Finn MLC, member of the Victorian Legislative Council (upper house)
Janelle Saffin
Hon Michael Danby, former member for Melbourne Ports, former Chair of the Joint Standing Committee Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade
新西蘭議員:
Simeon Brown MP
Marama Davidson MP, co-leader of the Green Party
Simon O’Connor MP, Chair of the Foreign Affairs, Defence, and Trade Committee
Louisa Wall MP, Deputy Chair of PNND New Zealand and Co-Chair Cross Party Women Parliamentarians
德國議會議員:
Margarete Bause MdB, Green Party Spokeswoman for the Human Rights and Humanitarian AidCommittee
Dr. Danyal Bayaz MdB
Michael Brand MdB, CDU / CSU Spokesman for the Human Rights and Humanitarian Aid Committee
Peter Heidt MdB
Frank Heinrich MdB
Dr. Anton Hofreiter MdB
Eckhard Gnodtke MdB
Gyde Jensen MdB, the Chair of the Human Rights and Humanitarian Aid Committee
Frank Müller-Rosentritt MdB
Omid Nouripour MdB
Martin Patzelt MdB, member of the Human Rights and Humanitarian Aid Committee
Claudia Roth MdB, Vice President of German Bundestag
Dr. Frithjof Schmidt MdB
Jürgen Trittin MdB, former leader of the Greens and former Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation, and Nuclear Safety
德國前外交官:
Dr. Volker Stanzel, former German ambassador to China and Japan
意大利議員:
Alex Bazzaro MP
Matteo Luigi Bianchi MP
Enrico Borghi MP
Paolo Formentini MP, Vice-President Foreign Affairs Committee
Alessandro Giglio Vigna MP
Eugenio Zoffili MP
Senator Alessandro Alfieri
Senator Lucio Malan
Senator Roberto Rampi
Senator Adolfo Urso, former Deputy Minister of Productive Activities with delegation to foreign trade
意大利前議員:
Marco Beltrandi, former MP
Rita Bernardini, former MP
Sergio D’Elia, former MP
Amb. Giulio Terzi di Sant’Agata, former Minister of Foreign Affairs (President of the Global Committee for the Rule of Law “Marco Pannella”)
Elisabetta Zamparutti, former MP
瑞典議會議員:
Joar Forssell MP
Hampus Hagman MP
David Josefsson MP
Kerstin Lundgren MP
Frederik Malm MP
Niels Paarup-Petersen MP
Lorentz Tovatt MP
奧地利議員:
Dr. Ewa Ernst-Dziedzic MP
Michel Reimon MP
瑞典議員:
Joar Forssell MP
Hampus Hagman MP
David Josefsson MP
Kerstin Lundgren MP
Frederik Malm MP
Maria Nilsson MP
Lina Nordquist MP
Niels Paarup-Petersen MP
Yasmine Posio MP, member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs
Jonas Sjöstedt MP, party leader of the Left party
Håkan Svenneling MP, member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs
Lorentz Tovatt MP
Ilona Szatmári Waldau MP, member of the Committee on European Union Affairs
Solveig Zander MP
丹麥議會議員:
Uffe Elbæk MP, former Minister of Culture
Viggo Fischer, former member of parliament
挪威挑議員:
Ola Elvestuen MP
Trine Skei Grande MP
Tina Shagufta Munir Kornmo MP
荷蘭議員:
Kathalijne Buitenweg
Femke Merel van Kooten
Henk Krol
Bram van Ojik
Lilianne Ploumen
Sjoerd Sjoerdsma
Boris Dittrich
Ruud Koole
Ria Oomen-Ruijten
Mei Li Vos
Kathleen Ferrier, former Member of Parliament
Rick van der Ploeg, former Secretary of State for Culture and former Member of Parliament
比利時議員:
Séverine de Laveleye, Member of the Chamber of Representatives
愛爾蘭議員:
Senator Ronan Mullen
烏克蘭:
Hanna Hopko, former member of Parliament and Chairwoman of the Foreign Affairs Committee of Verkhovna Rada (2014-2019), zero Corruption Conference chairwoman, Head of the Board of National Interests advocacy network “ANTS”
Ihor Lutsenko, former member of Parliament (2014-2019), activist of the Revolution of Dignity
Dr. Ulana Suprun, Chairwoman of NGO ArcUA and former Acting Minister of Health (2016-2019)
立陶宛議會議員:
Mantas Adomenas MP
Arvydas Anusauskas MP
Audronius Azubalis MP, former Minister of Foreign Affairs
Laurynas Kasciunas MP
Gabrielius Landsbergis MP
Radvilė Morkunaite-Mikuleniene MP
Emanuelis Zingeris MP, Chair of the Subcommittee on Transatlantic Relations and Democratic Development
Žygimantas Pavilionis MP, former Ambassador of Lithuania to the United States of America
斯洛伐克議會議員:
Alojz Baránik MP
Ján Benčík MP
Peter Cmorej MP
Ondrej Dostál MP
Gábor Grendel MP, Deputy Speaker
Jarmila Halgašová MP
Radovan Kazda MP
Miroslav Kollár MP
Vladimíra Marcinková MP
Peter Osuský MP
Peter Pollák MP
Juraj Šeliga MP, Deputy Speaker
Andrej Stančík MP
Romana Tabák MP
Marián Viskupič MP
Anna Zemanová MP
Miroslav Žiak MP
Jana Žitňanská MP
斯洛伐克議會前議員:
František Šebej, former MP and Chair of the Foreign Affairs Committee
捷克議員:
Jan Lipavsky MP
科索沃議員:
Senton Kaçaniku, President of the Institute for Freedom and Justice
俄羅斯:
Vladimir Kara-Murza, Vice-President of the Free Russia Foundation
阿爾巴尼亞議員:
Fatmir Mediu MP, Former Minister of Defense of the Republic of Albania
馬來西亞議員及代表:
Andrew Khoo, Advocate and Solicitor, High Court of Malaya in Malaysia, former Co-Chair of the Human Rights Committee, Bar Council Malaysia
The Hon. Senator P. Waytha Moorthy
Charles Santiago MP, Chair of ASEAN Parliamentarians for Human Rights
馬爾代夫代表:
Dr Ahmed Shaheed, former Foreign Minister of the Maldives and Chair, Universal Rights Group, Geneva
緬甸議員及宗教領袖:
U Kyaw Min San, Member of the Bago Regional Parliament and former legal adviser to the International Commission of Jurists Office
His Eminence Cardinal Charles Bo, Archbishop of Yangon, Myanmar and President of the Federation of Asian Bishops Conferences
南韓代表:
Jin-Tae Kim, Member of the National Assembly and former Prosecutor (Chief of the Wonju Public Prosecutor's Office)
Jung-Hoon Lee, former Ambassador for Human Rights
Yanghee Lee, former UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar; former Chairperson of UN Committee on the Rights of the Child; Professor at Sungkyunkwan University South Korea
Kyung Won Na, member of the National Assembly and former Chair of the Foreign Relations and Unification Committee and floor leader of the main opposition party
Wonsik Shin, Member-elect of the National Assembly and retired Lieutenant General of the ROK Army
印度前議員:
Dr John Dayal, former President of the All India Catholic Union and Member of the National Integration Council
印尼前東南亞國家協會(ASEAN)代表:
Rafendi Djamin, former Representative of Indonesia to the ASEAN Inter-Governmental Commission on Human Rights
Yuyun Wahyuningrum, Representative of Indonesia to the ASEAN Inter-Governmental Commission on Human Rights
菲律賓議員:
Senator Risa Hontiveros, Chair of the Senate Women, Family Relations and Equality Committee
Senator Francis N. Pangilinan, former Senate Majority Leader
#超級國際文宣
原版名單:
https://www.hongkongwatch.org/all-posts/2020/5/23/patten-led-group-of-198-parliamentarians-from-23-countries-decry-flagrant-breach-of-the-sino-british-joint-declaration
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east timor university 在 方志恒 Brian Fong Facebook 的最讚貼文
港式雙首長制@香港革新論
//要突破困局,我們需要重新思考「民主自治」的意義—我們所追求的民主政制,必須產生一個全面代表香港人的政治首長,以最大程度地讓香港人按自治原則,自行管理香港事務。如果這種「民主自治」的定義,可以得到大多數香港人接受,那麼實踐「民主自治」的具體方法,除了全面開放的行政長官普選外,也存在探討其他「民主自治」想像的可能性。
由行政長官及政務司司長分別擔任「地區首長」及「政府首長」的角色,分權共治,以推行「港式雙首長制」。在「港式雙首長制」下,政務司司長須獲普選的立法會支持才能上台,將成為全面代表香港人的「政府首長」,政府施政亦需要以民意為依歸,「民主自治」將會得到落實;而行政長官作為「特區首長」,將不再直接負責政府日常事務,無論行政長官是按8.31人大決定的「有限制普選」產生或其他獲香港及北京共同認可的方式普選產生,行政長官都應定位為「超然領袖」(Non-partisan leader),專責平衡一國兩制、調和港陸關係—「港式雙首長制」將是香港在現行憲制地位下,能夠實現最大程度「民主自治」的政制方案。//
【#香港革新論文章】
港式雙首長制── 拉闊民主自治想像的政制方案
/ 房吉祥(《香港革新論》共同作者)
________________________________________________
【編按:政治學者方志恒與二十多位年輕人合著新書《香港革新論》,探討後政改時代的香港前途。本文為該書其中一篇主題文章。】
在一個與港視劇集《選戰》平行的時空……
建制派代表、振民黨主席宋漫山,在各種種票疑雲下,以千多票的極少數差距,壓倒代表民自黨的葉晴,勝出2022年行政長官選舉。但宋漫山當選後,先後爆出連串醜聞,再加上要應付由「王主任」交託的各種政治任務,宋漫山被港人視為北京傀儡,上台僅僅兩年已經民望崩盤。2024年立法會首次全面普選,建制派大敗,由葉晴領導的民自黨橫掃多區,成為立法會最大黨派,行政立法全面對抗一觸即發。有見及此,宋漫山與葉晴達成權力分配協議,由宋漫山向北京政府提名葉晴出任政務司司長,並將日常行政權力移交政務司司長及其籌組的執政內閣,實行「港式雙首長制」,為香港政治揭開的新一頁。
1997年主權移交以來,香港市民要求民主普選的呼聲一直有增無減,接連出現多次全港性的政治運動。然而,香港政制發展的步伐,卻一直無法回應巿民訴求,令社會一直陷於政制發展的爭拗當中。
面對政制困局,有人說原因在於泛民主派叫價太高,有人說是北京要高壓收權、不肯兌現承諾,也有人說是港陸之間欠缺互信,令協調讓步變得不可能1。這些論點也許有其理據,但都沒有切中政改的核心問題—「單一首長、雙重負責」的政制矛盾。
【單一首長、雙重負責的政制矛盾】
主權移交後,按《基本法》的憲制安排,香港的管治權力集中在行政機關,即行政長官一人身上。行政長官兼任「特區首長」及「政府首長」兩個角色,集各種政治權力於一身,形成「單一首長」的政治制度。
《基本法》一方面將行政權力集中於行政長官,另一方面亦規定行政長官需要同時向中央政府及香港特別行政區負責(Dual accountability)2。然而,主權移交以來的政治實踐顯示,香港市民與北京領導人之間,在價值觀、政治認知及制度安排上,實有難以調和的差異,行政長官夾在「一國」及「兩制」之間,北京領導人的期望及700萬香港人的訴求,成為了歷任行政長官無法跨越的政治鴻溝3。這種「單一首長、雙重負責」的制度,正是造成主權移交以來的三任行政長官,都被港人視為北京傀儡,而無法取信於香港社會的原因。
事實上,「單一首長、雙重負責」的制度,亦是令香港政制發展陷入矛盾的根源4。
在北京領導人眼中,香港擁有廣泛的自治權力—行政管理權、立法權、獨立司法、獨立財政、獨立貨幣、獨立關稅,以至對外事務權力等。行政長官行使這些權力時,如果偏離北京的治國方針,便有可能會衝擊共產黨政權。北京更害怕一旦開放香港政權,「反中亂港」勢力會奪取香港管治權,令香港演變成反共基地。故此行政長官一職必須由「愛國愛港」人士出任。當然,北京理論上握有對行政長官的「實質任命權」,大可以拒絕任命並非「愛國愛港」的當選者,但奉行維穩至上的北京領導人,自然不會考慮這種可能引發憲制危機的做法—這正是北京將政改視作「政權保衛戰」,並堅持8.31人大決定中,由提名委員篩選行政長官候選人的原因。
然而,這種對行政長官普選的維穩安排,與香港的民主訴求有根本衝突。香港市民普遍希望以「普及而平等的方式」選舉行政長官,從而產生一個全面代表香港人的政府,真正落實港人的自治權利。這種民主訴求,不是要確保民主派有候選人「出閘」,而是要保障除了選民外,不會有其他力量可以操控選舉結果5。
這就是香港與北京在政制發展上的核心矛盾。當港陸雙方都把目光完全集中在行政長官一個職位上,而雙方對行政長官的期望卻是背道而馳,又怎可能得出一個合乎兩者要求的政制安排?
要突破困局,我們需要重新思考「民主自治」的意義—我們所追求的民主政制,必須產生一個全面代表香港人的政治首長,以最大程度地讓香港人按自治原則,自行管理香港事務。如果這種「民主自治」的定義,可以得到大多數香港人接受,那麼實踐「民主自治」的具體方法,除了全面開放的行政長官普選外,也存在探討其他「民主自治」想像的可能性。
香港,依目前憲制地位,是中國的特別行政區,實行一國兩制、港人治港、高度自治。假如此一憲制地位在未來不會改變,香港要實踐「民主自治」的可行方法,是將行政長官一職高度集中的行政權力,分拆為「特區首長」及「政府首長」兩個獨立角色,實行「雙首長制」(Dual leadership system)6,以突破現時「單一首長、雙重負責」所帶來的政制矛盾。
【雙首長制的海外案例】
「雙首長制」常與「半總統制」(Semi-presidentialism)或「混合制」(Mixed system)等詞混用,指的是兼有「總統制」(Presidential system)與「議會制」(Parliamentary system)特點,由兩個行政首長分權共治的憲政制度。
按研究「半總統制」的權威、法國政治學者Duverger的定義,「半總統制」是指國家有一個由獨立普選所產生、並有相當行政權力(Considerable powers)的總統,同時又有一個以總理為首、需要依賴國會支持才能執政的內閣政府,二者共同執政、分享行政權力7。「雙首長制」則是另一法國學者Blondel由「半總統制」所引伸的概念。Blondel認為,除「半總統制」外,由君主掌握實權,而另設首相執政的「二元君主制」(Dual monarchies),如不丹、約旦等國,以及共產國家中黨領袖(主席或總書記)及政府領袖(總理)由不同人士出任的「共產主義體制」(Communist system),均由兩個行政首長共同執政,或按不同原則分擔政務,可與「半總統制」歸納為同一類別。
坊間一般以為分割國家行政權力,會容易帶來政治不穩定,但Duverger及Blondel的研究均指出,「雙首長制」或「半總統制」,因其「二元共治」的特色,在特定政治形勢下,例如社會因為階層、種族、宗教或者政治意見陷於內部分裂,可避免「單一首長」無法代表不同勢力的問題,反而有助促進政治穩定。
以法國為例,第四共和時期(1946年至1958年)採用議會制,但因為國會多黨林立,組閣時難以折衝協調,內閣時常更替,12年期間就出現24個內閣,更多次出現無政府狀態。故1958年的新憲法強化總統權力,由總統向其選民負責,總理則向國會負責,共享行政權力。在第五共和憲政運作中,總統有廣泛權力,包括:1)按國會選舉結果任免總理,並按總理建議任免內閣部長;2)主理國防與外交、任命高級軍官、批准國際條約;3)主持國務會議、與各項政策之制定與討論;4)任免主要官員;5)批核或覆議法案;6)任命憲法委員會委員(類似最高憲法或行政法院);提請釋法;7)召開臨時國會;8)將重大議案提交公民複決等。而總理則在政府日常運作上起主導角色,與總統共享行政權力,包括副署所有總統簽署之法令、提議任免閣員、支配行政機構及軍隊、提議公民複決及釋法、召開臨時國會等。新制度強化了法國行政機關的運作,令內閣倒台的情況大大減少。
法國「半總統制」最大的特色,在於其「換軌」(Alternation)體制。當國會與總統職位由同一個政黨掌握時,權力便集中在總統之手,政府以「類總統制」運作;但當國會與總統由不同的政黨控制時,日常施政則由總理主導,政府運作便轉換為「類議會制」的「共治」(Cohabitation)局面。基於「換軌」特色,有不少學者認為法國是總統制與內閣制之間轉換的體制,多於一個獨立的體制8。但實際上,當總統與國會由同一個政黨控制時,總統本人的執政權力實際上來自其執政黨領袖的地位,而非總統職位,總理及內閣依然要向國會負責,運作與「總統制」仍有甚多差別;而當總統與國會由不同政黨控制時,總統仍具一定的行政權力,非「議會制」的虛位元首可比9。此外,法國憲法第23條亦規定,國會議員不得兼任內閣閣員,議員必須於接受內閣任命一個月內辭職,但其席位則由選舉時所提出的代理人出任,不需進行補選。這種機制促使行政與立法加強溝通、分享權力及協商執政,但同時又保持兩者的獨立性,值得長期面對行政立法衝突的香港借鑑。
除法國外,芬蘭在2000年採納新憲法之前,也是「雙首長制」的典範。按1917年獨立後的憲制,芬蘭有一位獨立普選產生的總統10,以及由總統任命的總理及內閣。總理及內閣負責政府的日常運作,而總統則在外交、國防、立法及人事任命享有實權。在程序上,芬蘭締結條約、宣戰等需國會同意,但面對前蘇聯的軍事威脅,在實際運作中,芬蘭總統在國防外交有極大決策權。芬蘭在冷戰期間,得以置身於大國衝突之外,實有賴數任總統善於外交,一方面與蘇聯維持良好關係,另一方面與西方國家保持經貿聯繫。而「雙首長制」正是芬蘭總統可彈性處理外交問題,不用受困於內政或內部親西方勢力限制的主因。
芬蘭總統亦和國會共享立法權,可否決國會通過的法案,亦可提出新法案,或提案修改、解釋或廢止現有法律,並在有需要時解散國會。此外,在制度上,總統需要根據國會選舉結果任命總理及部長,但如沒有政黨佔優勢,總統可以主導內閣的組成,或任命由公務員組成的看守內閣,穩定政治11。在其他公職上,芬蘭總統有相當大的任命權,如最高法院、行政法院及上訴法院的法官,高級公務員,以及公立大學的校長等。
隨著蘇聯解體、冷戰結束及芬蘭95年加入歐洲聯盟,芬蘭總統在國防外交角色不再吃重,再加上歐盟政策多由總理領導,芬蘭在2000年通過新憲法,削弱總統角色,轉變為「議會制」國家12。芬蘭的經驗顯示,「雙首長制」容許「國家元首」及「政府首長」分工合作,分別處理對外及對內事務,有助應付特殊的政治形勢。
除了國家層面的制度外,「雙首長制」亦廣泛應用於世界各地的自治地區。英國現有海外領土(British overseas territories),如直布羅陀(Gibraltar)、百慕達(Bermuda)和福克蘭群島(Falkland Islands)等,大多由一位英國委任的總督負責外交、國防及治安事務,而日常管治則由直選或議會委任的總理、行政長官或首席部長負責13。
二戰之後,世界上採用「雙首長制」的國家不多,主要有法國、芬蘭、奧地利、葡萄牙及愛爾蘭等歐洲國家。但隨著第三波民主化的浪潮,有台灣學者統計,直至2010年,全球已有五十多個國家採用「雙首長制」(見表一),印證「雙首長制」適用於經歷政治轉型的地區,對穩定政治發展有幫助。「雙首長制」的這些特性,正正可以解決香港由「單一首長、雙重負責」所引起的政制矛盾。
表一:世界上採用「半總統制」的民主及非民主國家(2010年)14
西歐 東歐 前蘇聯地區 亞洲 非洲 美洲
民主國家 奧地利(Austria)
芬蘭(Finland)
法國(France)
冰島(Iceland)
愛爾蘭(Irland)
葡萄牙(Portugal) 保加利亞(Bulgaria)
克羅地亞(Croatia)
馬其頓(Macedonia)
黑山(Montenegro)
波蘭(Poland)
羅馬尼亞(Romania)
塞爾維亞(Serbia)
斯洛伐克(Slovakia)
斯洛文尼亞(Slovenia) 亞美尼亞(Armenia)
格魯吉亞(Georgia)
立陶宛(Lithuania)
烏克蘭
(Ukraine) 東帝汶
(East Timor)
蒙古(Mongolia)
新加坡(Singapore)
斯里蘭卡
(Sri Lanka)
台灣(Taiwan) 布基納法索
(Burkina Faso)
佛德角
(Cape Verde)
中非共和國
(Central African Republic)
畿內亞比紹
(Guinea-Bissau)
肯亞(Kenya)
馬里(Mali)
莫三比克(Mozambique)
納米比亞
(Namibia)
聖多美普林西比
(São Tomé and Principe)
塞內加爾(Senegal)
湯加(Togo)
坦桑尼亞(Tanzania) 海地(Haiti)
秘魯(Peru)
非民主國家 亞塞拜疆(Azerbaijan)
白俄羅斯(Belarus)
俄羅斯(Russia)
哈薩克(Kazakhstan) 也門(Yemen) 安哥拉(Angola)
阿爾及利亞(Algeria)
喀麥隆(Cameroon)
乍德(Chad)
剛果民主共和國(Dem. Rep. of Congo)
埃及(Egypt)
加蓬(Gabon)
馬達加斯加(Madagascar)
尼日(Niger)
盧旺達(Rwanda)
突尼斯(Tunisia)
【雙首長制的本地經驗】
事實上,對香港而言,「雙首長制」亦非新鮮事物,港英時代的香港政府,也常以類似的「二元共治」模式運作。按《英皇制誥》及《皇室訓令》,港督擁有香港行政立法的最終權力,但在實際運作上,政策草擬、制定及執行與一般行政事務,都會交由整個公務員體系之首的輔政司(Colonial Secretary)或後來的布政司(Chief Secretary)負責。其中,由布政司主持、各政策科首長參與的「布政司委員會」(Chief Secretary's Committee),則是港英政府日常運作的中樞。「布政司委員會」每星期召開會議,討論重要政府政策,以及事先審議所有提交上行政局的文件,實際上就是港英政府的日常內閣15。當然,由於憲制上權力實屬於港督,布政司的角色及權力,要視乎在任者的能力,以及港督是否強勢施政。
即使在主權移交前夕,這種不成文的「類雙首長制」仍在運作。彭定康在任港督時,主力處理政制改革及對外事務,而香港政府的日常運作,就幾乎全權交由時任布政司的陳方安生負責。有學者形容當時的香港政制情況,彭定康就像一個半總統制下「國家元首」,陳方安生就像一個「半總統制」下的總理或首席部長,而各司局長則彷彿是她的內閣成員16。
由於《基本法》延續了殖民地的管治制度,故這種不成文的「雙首長制」傳統,本來也是特區憲制的一部份。不過董建華上任後,為擺脫公務員系統對其施政的羈絆,毅然推行「高官問責制」,引進政治任命官員,將所有的行政權力收歸行政長官,破壞了港英時代的行政傳統。
【「港式雙首長制」的具體方案】
「雙首長制」或「半總統制」要有效運作,按美國學者Sartori的分析,「國家元首」(總統)與「政府首長」(總理)的分權需達三個標準:第一,總統應獨立於議會之外,但不應有權單獨或直接管治,其執政理念須經由內閣及總理傳達;第二,總理及內閣可由總統委任,但運作需獨立於總統,並對議會負責,總理去留端視乎議會支持;第三,總統及總理之間的權力結構、互動可有一定彈性,但二者均需有自主運作的潛能(Autonomy potential)17。
在此原則下,香港可依據主權移交前的憲政傳統,由行政長官及政務司司長分別擔任「地區首長」及「政府首長」的角色,分權共治,以推行「港式雙首長制」。
• 制度性分權:作為「特區首長」,行政長官可專門負責憲制、地區安全、港陸關係及對外事務等「高級政治」(High politics)事務,並管理監督部門(如審計署、廉政公署及申訴專員公署)。同時通過憲制安排,將行政長官作為「政府首長」的法定權力,向政務司司長作制度性分權,以滿足「雙首長制」的分權標準,由政務司司長主持政府「日常事務」(Day-to-day operation),透過立法會向香港市民負責,以實踐最大程度的「民主自治」。
• 政府組成:行政長官作為「特區首長」,可繼續行使向北京政府提名及建議免任政務司司長的權力,亦應有權按政務司司長的推薦,提名其他的主要官員;但同時亦要建立憲政慣例,行政長官提名的政務司司長,必須透過「信任投票」(Vote of confidence)得到立法會內大多數議員支持,以確保作為「政府首長」政務司司長,能夠全面代表香港的主流民意(這裡的前提是立法會所有議席,都必須全面由普選產生)。政務司司長的人選,可以是立法會議員、政黨黨魁或其他得到議會多數議員支持的人士;如被任命者為立法會議員,則可仿傚法國內閣選任安排,實行由同名單遞補機制,減少補選次數,節省議席出缺帶來的成本。(詳見表二)
• 實際操作:現有由政務司司長及各司局長組成的「政策委員會」,應該擔當日常內閣的角色,主導一般政策制定及政府日常決策,行政會議則演變成協調機構,確認由「政策委員會」作出的政策決定。如立法會改選、對政府重要法案或政務司司長本人要投不信任票,政務司司長及其內閣就得去職,由行政長官提名其他獲立法會大多數支持的人選出任。
在「港式雙首長制」下,政務司司長須獲普選的立法會支持才能上台,將成為全面代表香港人的「政府首長」,政府施政亦需要以民意為依歸,「民主自治」將會得到落實;而行政長官作為「特區首長」,將不再直接負責政府日常事務,無論行政長官是按8.31人大決定的「有限制普選」產生或其他獲香港及北京共同認可的方式普選產生,行政長官都應定位為「超然領袖」(Non-partisan leader),專責平衡一國兩制、調和港陸關係—「港式雙首長制」將是香港在現行憲制地位下,能夠實現最大程度「民主自治」的政制方案。
而要確保「港式雙首長制」有效運作,行政長官及政務司司長必須做到制度性分權,最直接的方法,莫如修改基本法相關條文。但修改基本法的門檻極高,多年來亦隱為港陸政治禁忌,故以修改基本法來推行「港式雙首長制」,相信爭議會極大。更彈性而且可行的方法,是通過修訂本地法例及發佈行政命令,將行政長官現時兼任「政府首長」的主要法定權力,明確轉授予政務司司長,並修改政府人事編制,達到分權共治的效果。(詳見表二)由於修改本地法例及人事編制需向立法會提案,並諮詢市民意見,如獲全面普選產生的立法會通過,亦可視作市民對「港式雙首長制」的認可,足以為憲制共治建立穩固基礎,令行政長官不能任意收回授權或越位行事。
要實現我城的「民主自治」,香港人需要尋求新的想像。「港式雙首長制」,將是拉闊民主自治想像的政制方案。
表二:在本地立法層面上確立「港式雙首長制」的四點建議
1.修改《釋義及通則條例》
修改香港法例第一章《釋義及通則條例》第62條及第63條,有關行政長官及行政長官會同行政會議的轉授權力的部份。加入自動授權的條款,除另有明文保留外,其他法例賦予行政長官的權力將自動轉授予政務司司長,而向「行政長官會同行政會議」(Chief Executive in Council)授予的權力,亦會被轉授予「政務司司長會同政策委員會」(Chief Secretary in Policy Committee)。同時修改其他條款中有衝突的部份,加入保留條文,對「港式雙首長制」下需要由行政長官執行的權力(比如規管審計及廉政事務)予以保留,不作自動轉授。
2.發布行政命令向政務司司長授權
按基本法第四十八條(四),行政長官可決定政府政策和發布行政命令。習慣上,行政長官會通過行政命令,將行政權力授權相關官員執行。故要推行「港式雙首長制」,行政長官亦應發布行政命令,將主要行政權力(包括發布行政命令、訂立附屬法例、發出文告及裁決上訴等)明確授權予政務司司長。
3.修改政府人事編制
由於行政長官不再兼任「政府首長」,職責由政務司司長吸納,行政長官辦公室、政務司司長辦公室以及其他相關單位的人事編制將有需要增減。政府需要就重新調配或增刪常額或編外的首長級職位,向立法會財務委員會及轄下的人事編制提案。
4.修改立法會遞補機制
為方便政務司司長推薦議員組閣,可修改《立法會條例》(第542章)有關立法會辭職遞補的機制。指明如地區直選議員因被委任為政府主要官員,而須按基本法第79條辭職,席位將由選舉時同一候選人名單順位遞補,如名單已盡,無人合資格或願意替補,才需要進行補選,不會由最大餘額得票名單補上。
1 阮紀宏:〈中央與香港關係惡化源於缺乏溝通〉,《亞洲週刊》,2014年8月24日 第28卷 33期。
2 基本法第43條:「香港特別行政區行政長官是香港特別行政區的首長,代表香港特別行政區。香港特別行政區行政長官依照本法的規定對中央人民政府和香港特別行政區負責。」
3 Kit Poon, The political future of Hong Kong: democracy within communist China (London ; New York : Routledge, 2008), chapter 3.
4 張炳良:《管治香港的難題:回歸十年反思》(香港:進一步多媒體有限公司,2007年),頁34。
5 馬嶽:《香港政治發展歷程與核心課題》(香港:香港中文大學香港亞太研究所,2010年),頁113-116。
6 Jean Blondel, Dual Leadership in the Contemporary World, in Arend Lijphart ed., Parliamentary versus Presidential Government (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993), p. 162.
7 Maurice Duverger, A New Political System Model: Semi-Presidential Government, European Journal of Political Research, 1980, 8 (2), p. 165.
8 Arend Lijphart. Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999); Raymond Aron, Alternation in Government in the Industrialized Countries, Government and Opposition, 1982, 17: 1, p. 3-21.
9 蘇子喬:〈哪一種半總統制?─概念界定爭議的釐清〉,《東吳政治學報》,2011,第二十九卷第四期,頁15。
10 1917年獨立後,芬蘭總統的產生方式是先由全民選出300人組成選舉團(electoral college),再由選舉團從各政黨提名的候選人中選出總統。1994年起,總統改由直選產生。
11 郭秋慶:〈芬蘭半總統制到議會民主的變遷〉,《台灣國際研究季刊》,2009,第5 卷第4 期,頁1-23。
12 同上。
13 Foreign and Commonwealth Office, The Overseas Territories: Security, Success and Sustainability (June 2012 ) , <https://www.gov.uk/…/attachment_d…/file/14929/ot-wp-0612.pdf> retrieved 1 May 2015; The Overseas Territories: Government Organization, Government of Bermuda, <http://www.gov.bm/>,retrieved 1 May 2015; The Falkland Islands Constitution Order 2008, Falklands Island Government, <http://www.falklands.gov.fk/self-governan…/the-constitution/>, retrieved 1 May 2015; Political development, Gibraltar Government Website <https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/new/political-development>, retrieved 1 May 2015.
14 蘇子喬,同上,頁32。
15 Miners, Norma. Constitution and administration, in T.L. Tsim and Bernard H.K. Luk (ed.) The Other Hong Kong Report 1989 (Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 1989), p. 1-28.
16 Ahmed Huque, Grace O. M. Lee, and Anthony Cheung, The Civil Service in Hong Kong: Continuity and Change (Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1998), p. 152.
17 Giovanni Sartori, Comparative Constitutional Engineering: An Inquiry into Structures, Incentives and Outcomes (New York: New York University Press, 1994), p.135-137.
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east timor university 在 Point of View Youtube 的最佳解答
นิทรรศการมหาวชิราวุธราชบรรณาลัย ชั้น 7 สำนักงานวิทยทรัพยากร จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย เปิดให้ชมทุกวัน จันทร์-ศุกร์ เวลา 9.00-17.00 น. ยกเว้นวันหยุดราชการ ตั้งแต่วันที่ 26 พ.ย. 2562 เวลา 13.00 น. เป็นต้นไป อย่าลืมไปดูกันนะคะ #มหาวชิราวุธราชบรรณาลัย
หรือดูเพิ่มเติมได้ที่เว็บไซต์ จุฬาลงกรณ์ราชบรรณาลัย http://kingchulalongkorn.car.chula.ac.th/
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อ้างอิง
- “พระผู้ก่อตั้ง.”[ออนไลน์] เข้าถึงได้จาก: http://www.vajiravudh.ac.th/rama6-2010.htm [ม.ป.ป.] สืบค้น 10 มีนาคม 2563.
- Cortelyou, George B.“ Memorandum regarding Vajiravudh.”[ออนไลน์] เข้าถึงได้จาก: https://www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org/Research/Digital-Library/Record/ImageViewer?libID=o39081 [2445] สืบค้น 10 มีนาคม 2563.
- Keat Gin Ooi. Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor. California: ABC-CLIO, 2558.
- Ratana Tanadbanchee Tungasvadi, “King Vajiravudh's Moral Concepts for Citizenship,” (Doctor of Philosophy, University of Pennsylvania, 2004), P.9.
- เทพ บุญตานนท์. “พระบาทสมเด็จพระมงกุฎเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัวกับการศึกษา. ”[ออนไลน์] เข้าถึงได้จาก: http://kingchulalongkorn.car.chula.ac.th/th/article/kingrama6_2 [2563] สืบค้น 10 มีนาคม 2563.
- เทพ บุญตานนท์. “พระบาทสมเด็จพระมงกุฎเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัวในฐานะพระมหากษัตริย์ นักปกครองและทหาร”[ออนไลน์] เข้าถึงได้จาก: http://kingchulalongkorn.car.chula.ac.th/th/article/kingrama6_4 [2563] สืบค้น 10 มีนาคม 2563.
- เทพ บุญตานนท์. “พระบาทสมเด็จพระมงกุฎเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัวในฐานะมกุฎราชกุมาร. ”[ออนไลน์] เข้าถึงได้จาก: http://kingchulalongkorn.car.chula.ac.th/th/article/kingrama6_1 [2563] สืบค้น 10 มีนาคม 2563.
- มงกุฎเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว, พระบาทสมเด็จ. จดหมายถึงผีเสื้อ. กรุงเทพฯ: โรงพิมพ์มหามกุฎราชวิทยาลัย, 2523.
- มงกุฎเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว, พระบาทสมเด็จพระ. พระราชดำรัสในพระบาทสมเด็จพระมงกุฎเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว. พระนคร: ราชบัณฑิตยสภา, 2472.
- วรชาติ มีชูบท.“ชโย โห่ฮิ้ว.”[ออนไลน์] เข้าถึงได้จาก: http://vajiravudh.ac.th/VC_Annals/vc_annal29.htm [ม.ป.ป.] สืบค้น 10 มีนาคม 2563.
- วารสารวิทยบริการ.“บทสัมภาษณ์ ฯพณฯ ม.ล. ปิ่น มาลากุล.”[ออนไลน์] เข้าถึงได้จาก: https://cuir.car.chula.ac.th/dspace/bitstream/123456789/8251/1/Pin_interview.pdf [ม.ป.ป.] สืบค้น 10 มีนาคม 2563.
- สายป่าน ปุริวรรณชนะ. “พระบาทสมเด็จพระมงกุฎเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว: พระมหากษัตริย์นักวิชาการ”[ออนไลน์] เข้าถึงได้จาก: http://kingchulalongkorn.car.chula.ac.th/th/article/kingrama6_3 [2563] สืบค้น 10 มีนาคม 2563.
- สายป่าน ปุริวรรณชนะ. “พระบาทสมเด็จพระมงกุฎเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว: พระมหากษัตริย์นักอนุรักษ์ศิลปวัฒนธรรม”[ออนไลน์] เข้าถึงได้จาก: http://kingchulalongkorn.car.chula.ac.th/th/article/kingrama6_5 [2563] สืบค้น 10 มีนาคม 2563.
- สายป่าน ปุริวรรณชนะ. “พระบาทสมเด็จพระมงกุฎเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว: พระมหากษัตริย์ศิลปิน”[ออนไลน์] เข้าถึงได้จาก: http://kingchulalongkorn.car.chula.ac.th/th/article/kingrama6_6 [2563] สืบค้น 10 มีนาคม 2563.
- สุกรี เจริญสุข.“ 128 ปี เพลงสรรเสริญพระบารมี : สรรเสริญพระบารมีพระมหากษัตริย์ทุกพระองค์ โดยสุกรี เจริญสุข.”[ออนไลน์] เข้าถึงได้จาก: https://www.matichon.co.th/columnists/news_349394 [2559] สืบค้น 10 มีนาคม 2563.
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