[時事英文] 到底是 「 All Lives Matter」還是 「 Black Lives Matter」?
All lives can only matter when black lives matter.
唯有當黑人的生命得到同等的重視，我們才能說「所有人」的命都很重要。
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《ＣＮＢＣ》報導：
Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos on Friday expressed support for the Black Lives Matter movement by posting an email exchange with an upset customer.
1. express support 表達支持
2. the Black Lives Matter movement 「黑人的命也是命」運動
3. an email exchange 通信
4. an upset customer 憤怒的顧客
週五，亞馬遜執行長貝佐斯（Jeff Bezos）發布了一封其與一名憤怒的顧客互通的電子郵件，來表達對「Black Lives Matter」運動的支持。
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In an Instagram post, Bezos posted a screenshot of an email from a customer who said it was “disturbing” and “offensive” that Amazon posted a message on its website in solidarity with the movement. The customer, whose name was blurred, wrote “ALL LIVES MATTER!”
5. post a screenshot 發布一張截圖
6. disturbing and offensive 讓人心煩且令人作嘔的
7. in solidarity with 聲援⋯⋯；與⋯⋯一致
8. All lives matter. 所有人的命都是命。
在 Instagram 的貼文中，貝佐斯發布了一封來自顧客電子郵件的截圖，該顧客稱亞馬遜在官網上聲援此項運動的訊息是「使人心煩」且「令人作嘔的」。該名顧客（姓氏已被塗黑）寫道——「所有人的命都是命！」
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Critics of the Black Lives Matter movement often seek to counter the phrase by saying “all lives matter” or “blue lives matter,” referencing fallen police officers.
9. seek to counter 伺機反駁
10. reference (v.) 論及
11. fallen police officers 殉職的警察
批評「Black Lives Matter」運動的人通常會以「all lives matter」或「blue lives matter」——係指殉職的警察——來伺機反駁此項運動。
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“I have to disagree with you,” Bezos replied.″
"'Black Lives Matter' doesn’t mean other lives don’t matter. Black lives matter speaks to racism and the disproportionate risk that Black people face in our law enforcement and justice system.”
12. speak to sth 談論…
13. a disproportionate risk 過高的風險
14. the law enforcement and justice system 執法與司法系統
「我無法同意你，」貝佐斯回覆道。「說『Black Lives Matter』並不表示其他人的命就不重要。Black Lives Matter 指責了種族歧視，以及黑人在我們的執法與司法系統中所面臨的過高風險。」
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Unlike black parents, Bezos said, he will never have to worry that his son “might be choked to death while being detained one day.” He added that he supports the recent protests around police brutality.
“I want you to know I support this movement that we see happening all around us and my stance won’t change,” he added.
15. never have to worry about 永遠無須擔心⋯⋯
16. be choked to death 被掐死；窒息而死
17. be detained 被拘留
18. support the recent protest 支持近期的抗議活動
19. police brutality 警察暴行
20. stance (n.) 立場
貝佐斯說，與黑人父母不同，他永遠無須擔心自己的兒子「可能在某日被拘留時會窒息而死」。他也表示，他支持近日抗議警察暴行的活動。
「我希望你知道我支持這項運動，因為我們重視自身周圍所發生的一切，而我的立場不會改變。」他補充道。
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批評此次運動最常見的四種論述如下：
1. All lives matter, not only black ones.
所有人的命都是命，並非只有黑人的命才是命。
Of course all lives matter! We can address racial discrimination towards all races, poverty, injustice, and other social issues at any time, but the focus now is on the Black Lives Matter movement.
When there is intense public scrutiny of social issues, it gives governments the motivation and support they need to address these issues. Moreover, by focusing on Black Lives Matter at the moment, we are able to examine underlying factors such as wealth inequality, indirect discrimination, and other injustices, all of which affect all races! The Black Lives Matter movement calls attention to these underlying issues.
這點絕對毋庸置疑！我們雖可同時處理因種族、貧困、不公不義以及其他社會問題所帶來的種族歧視，惟現階段的重點乃在於「Black Lives Matter」。當大眾格外關注某一議題時，將能提供政府解決問題所需的動力與支持。此外，藉由「Black Lives Matter」運動，我們便能檢視財富不平等、間接歧視以及其他的不公不義，以裨益所有群體。「Black Lives Matter」運動喚起了大眾對這些問題的關注。
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2. Discrimination and prejudice exist everywhere. Protesting will only make things worse.
歧視與偏見無所不在，抗議活動只會讓事情變得更糟。
Nearly all the rights we possess today are founded on the sacrifices of the generations before us through hundreds if not thousands of years of civil movements and reforms. Voicing injustice and grievances is an effective way to help our society become aware of social issues and take action. A recent example is the discrimination against Asian Americans in the US. If they had not spoken up against discrimination, there would not be sufficient public pressure to condemn those who wrongly pin the blame of the pandemic on them.
當代公民所擁有的權利，大多是藉由公民運動以及逐步改革所爭取來的。對不公不義表達不滿，有助於我們的社會意識到相關問題，並有所作為。最近的一個例子是，美國人對亞裔美國人的歧視。若亞裔美國人未於疫情期間對抗歧視，那麼輿論就不會譴責那些將疫情歸咎於他們的人。
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3. George Floyd had a criminal past. Why wasn’t this reported?
喬治・佛洛依德有犯罪紀錄，為什麼這些沒有被報導？
Video footage shows that Floyd was not behaving in a violent manner during his arrest, was not armed, and was not suspected of a violent crime. The claim that his criminal past was not reported is false as it was covered by the Guardian, NPR, and other press. Some news outlets might not have published this because past events have no bearing on how George Floyd was detained and treated. Some might also easily conflate these events and not focus on the current movement.
影片顯示，弗洛伊德被捕時手無寸鐵，沒有暴力行為，也未涉及暴力犯罪。有些人說美國媒體並未報導弗洛伊德的犯罪過往，但這種說法是錯的。實際上，《衛報》、美國公共廣播電臺以及其他媒體都有作過相關報導。部分媒體之所以沒有報導，是因為弗洛伊德的過往與他被捕後窒息而死的事件無關。若也對其進行報導，易使人產生不當的聯想，而模糊運動的焦點。
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4. The government has not done anything wrong. Those who support the Black Lives Matter movement are condoning rioting and looting.
政府並沒有做錯事。那些支持「Black Lives Matter」運動的人，正在縱容暴亂與搶劫的發生。
A democratic government exists to serve the people, but citizens in democracies must also agree to abide by the rules and obligations by which they are governed. Democracies grant many freedoms to their citizens, including the freedom to dissent and criticize the government.
When a government violates the fundamental human rights of its citizens, it is the civic responsibility of citizens to protest and redress these infringements and violations. Unfortunately, some are so frustrated with the inaction of the government that they will resort to violence to make themselves heard. There are also some who take the opportunity to benefit themselves through rioting and looting. Such actions should be condemned to the full extent of the law.
民主政府的存在乃為人民服務，而民主國家的公民也須遵守自身義務以及政府訂定的法規。民主國家保障公民自由，包括表達異議與批評政府的權利。當政府違反或侵犯公民的基本人權時，抗議並糾正這些侵權行為是公民的權利與責任。不幸的是，也有部分的人會藉機行搶與暴動，以謀取自身利益。此種行為應受到法律全面的制裁。
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It is common to base on our opinion of a complex issue on our own biases and tidbits of information provided by mainstream news outlets. However, for us to resolve any complex issue, we must seek to understand, analyze, and evaluate these issues in depth from multiple perspectives. While current social problems are difficult to solve, they present a chance for us to come together and change the world for the better!
通常，我們會將自身觀點與主流媒體所提供的資訊相結合，來形成我們對複雜問題的看法。然而，要解決任何複雜的問題，仍須從他人的角度來深入理解、分析與評估。即便此一議題頗為棘手，但仍為我們提供了一個得以團結一致的機會，讓世界變得更加美好！
欲閱讀更多相關資訊，請點擊以下連結：
我們該如何理解美國的種族不平等
https://bit.ly/30fB4LP
美國暴警引發示威
https://bit.ly/36LsMMR
黑人鄰居，高犯罪率？
https://bit.ly/37neUbV
對亞裔的歧視
https://bit.ly/3cr5wps
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相關資訊：
What is Black Lives Matter?
https://www.voanews.com/usa/what-black-lives-matter
Ethics Questions NPR Must Answer
https://n.pr/2XMmda1
Risk of being killed by police use of force in the United States
https://www.pnas.org/content/116/34/16793
Are blacks to blame for cops' actions?
https://bit.ly/2UqHT9G
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Crime
https://bit.ly/37neUbV
Can Black Lives Matter & Law Enforcement See Eye To Eye?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S6rDvbQ-mz4
Let's get to the root of racial injustice
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-aCn72iXO9s
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新聞來源：https://cnb.cx/37db2dG
圖片來源：https://bit.ly/2AMrOE8
